DGT MH –CET 11th MATHEMATICS Study Material 1

Sequence and Series 225

15 Sequence and Series

Formulae
Number of terms Terms to be taken
1. Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)
3 a - d,a,a + d
i. A sequence (tn) is said to be arthmetic
progression (A.P.) if tn+1 i– tn= d (common 4 a - 3d, a - d, a + d, a + 3d
difference) for all n  N. 5 a - 2d, a - d, a, a + d, a + 2d
ii. If a is the first term and d is the common
difference, then A.P. can be written as ii. When the sum is not given, then the following
a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ..... way is adopted in selection of terms.
iii. tn = Sn – Sn–1
Number of terms Terms to be taken
2. General term of an A.P.
3 a, a + d,a + 2d
i. General term (nth term) of an A.P. is 4 a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d
tn = a + (n – 1) d 5 a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d
We can denote it by Tn also.
ii. If the last term of an A.P. is l, then 6. Geometric Progression (G.P.)
l = a + (n – 1) d i. A sequence (tn) is said to be geometric
3. Sum of n terras of an A.P. t n 1
progression if  r (common ratio) for
n n tn
Sn  [2a  (n  1) d] or Sn  (a  l ) or
2 2 all n  N.
n ii. If a is the first term and r is the common
Sn  (a  t n ) ratio, then G.P. can be written as
2
4. Arithmetic mean (A.M.) a + ar + ar2 + .....
i. If A is the A.M. between two numbers a 7. General term of a G.P.
ab General term (nth term) of an G.P. is
and b, then A   2A  a  b tn = arn–1 or Tn = arn–1
2
ii. Sum of n Arithmetic means between two 8. Sum of first n terms of a G.P.
numbers a and b Sum of first n terms of an G.P. is
If A , A2, ...., An are n A.M.’s between a
1 a(1  r n ) a  tnr
and b, then Sn  or Sn  (r  1)
A1 + A2 + ....... + An = nA 1 r 1 r
where An = a + nd a(r n  1) t r a
Sn  or Sn  n (r  1)
 b  a  a  nb 1 r r 1
an  
 n 1  n 1 Sn = na (r = 1)
9. Sum of infinite terms of a G.P.
ba
and d 
n 1 a
S  , if r  1
5. Selection of terms in an A.P. 1 r
i. When the sum is given, the following way is
If r  1 , then S does not exist.
adopted in selecting certain number of terms:

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Sequence and Series 226

10. Geometric mean (G.M.) 14. Sum of H.P. does not exist.
i. If G is the G.M. between two numbers a 15. Harmonic mean (H.M.)
and b, then G 2  ab  G  ab If H is the H.M. between two numbers a and b,
ii. Product of n Geometric means between 2ab
then H 
a and b ab
If G1, G2,...., Gn are n G.M.’s between a 16. Relation between A.M. G.M. and H.M.
and b, then If A, G, H are the A.M., G.M. and H.M. of two
G1.G2,....Gn = Gn numbers a and b, then
 n G1.G 2 ......G n  G a. AGH
b. G2 = AH
n
c. A, G, H are in G.P.
where G n  ar  a  
n b n 1
a 17. Arithmetico-geometric progression (A.G.P.)
i. General term of an A.G.P.
11. Selection of terms in a G.P.
a, (a + d)r, (a + 2d)r2,..... is
i. When the product is given, the following way
tn = [a + (n – 1)d] rn–1
is adopted in selecting certain number of
terms: ii. Sum of an A.G.P.
Sum of n terms of an A.G-P.
Terms to be a,(a + d)r, (a + 2d)r2,.... is
Number of term
taken
a dr (1  r n 1 ) [a  (n  1) d]r n
a Sn    ,
3 , a, ar 1 r (1  r)2 1 r
r
a a where r  1
4 , , ar, ar 2
r3 r iii. Sum of infinite terms of an A.G.P. is
a a
5 2
, , a, ar, ar 2 a dr
r r S   ( r  1)
1  r (1  r)2
ii. When the product is not given, then the 18. Special Series:
following way is adopted in selection of
i. Sum of first n natural numbers
terms
n
n(n  1)
 r 
Number of term Terms to be r 1 2
taken
ii. Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
3 a, ar, ar 2
4 a, ar, ar 2 ,ar 3 n
n(n  1)(2n  1)
2 3 4
  r2 
5 a, ar, ar , ar , ar r 1 6
iii. Sum of cubes of first n natural number
12. Harmonic Progression (H.P.)
n
n 2 (n  1)2
A progression is called a harmonic progression   r3 
(H.P.) if the reciprocals of its terms are in A.P. r 1 4
13. General term of a H.P. 19. Exponential Series:
1 1 1 1 x x2 x3
, , , ....... is t 0  or i. ex  1     .......
a a  d a  2d a  (n  1)d 1! 2! 3!
1 x x 2 x3
tn  ii. e x  1     .......
t n of A.P. 1! 2! 3!

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Sequence and Series 227

1 1 1 1 6. If for a G. P., tp = P; tq = Q,
iii. e1  1     ....... 1
1! 2! 3! 4!
 P n q  pq
then t n   n q 
1 1 1 1 Q 
iv. e 1  1     .......
1! 2! 3! 4!
7. If for a G.P.,tm + n = p; tm – n = q,
 x 2
x 4
 m
v. e x  e x  2 1    ......   q  2n
 2! 4!  then t m  pq; t n  p  
p
e  e 1 1 1 If a, b, c are the pth, qth, rth terms of a G.P., then
vi.  1    ....... 8.
2 2! 4! aq – r.br – p.cp – q = l
e  e 1 1 1 9. If a, b, c  A.P., then 2ax + 1, 2bx + 1, 2cx + 1, x  0
vii.  1    ....... are in G.P.
2 3! 5!
10. If the mth term of a H.P. = n and nth term = m,
x e x e 2 x e3x then
viii. e  1     .......
e

1! 2! 3!
mn mn
ix. If a > 0 then t mn  , t mn  1, t p 
mn p
x2 11. In a H.P., tp – qr, tq = pr, then tr = pq
a x  1  x(log e a)  (log e a) 2
2! 12. If H is H.M. between a and b, then
x3 i. (H – 2a) (H – 2b) = H2
 (log e a)3  .......
3! 1 1 1 1
ii.   
20. Logarithmic series Ha Hb a b
If x < 1, then Ha Hb
iii.  2
Ha Hb
x2 x3 x4
i. log(1  x)  x     ...... 13. If A1, A2 be two A.M.’s, G1 G2 be two G.M.’s
2 3 4
and H1, H2 be two H.M.’s between two
x2 x3 x4 G1G 2 A1  A 2
ii.  log(1  x)  x     ...... numbers a and b, then 
2 3 4 H1H 2 H1  H 2

1 x   x3 x5  14. If A, G, H be A.M., G.M., H.M. between a and b,

iii. log    2 x    ....... then
 1  x   3 5 
 A when n  0
1 1 1 
iv. log e 2  1     ...... a n 1
b n 1
1
2 3 4  G when n  
a n  bn  2
Shortcuts  H when n  1

1. If pth term of an A.P. is q and qth term = p, then 15. If A & G be the A.M. and G.M. between two
tp + q = 0, tn = p + q – n numbers a, b, then a, b are given by
1 1 A  (A  G) (A  G)
2. If Tp  and Tq  , then Tpq = 1
q p 16. If the A.M. between two positive numbers a and
3. If p tp = q tq of an A.P., then tp + q = 0 b (a > b > 0) is n times the geometric mean
between them, then
4. If Sp = q for an A.P., Sq = p, then
Sp + q = – (p + q) a n  n2 1
5. If Sp = Sq for an A.P., then Sp + q = 0  , n 1
b n  n2 1

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Sequence and Series 228

17. Sum of n arithmetic means between a and b is
1 1
i.   .......
ab a1  a 2 a2  a3
n 
 2 
1
18. Product of n geometric means between a and b 
a n.1  a n
is ( ab ) n
19. nth Harmonic means between two numbers a and 1 1 1
ii.   ..... 
a1a 2 a 2 a 3 a n a n 1
(n  1) ab
b is
na  b 1
1 1 
20. a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.    
(a 2  a1 )  a1 a n 1 
1 1 1
 , , are in A.P. 1 1 1
bc ca ab iii.  
a1a 2 a 3 a 2 a 3a 4 a 3a 4 a 5
21. If a1 a2,..... an are the non-zero terms of a non-
constant A.P., then
1
..... 
1 1 1 1 n 1 a n a n 1a n  2
  .....  
a1a 2 a 2 a 3 a 3a 4 a n 1 a n a1a n
1  1 1 
22. If Sn is the sum of first n terms of the A.P.    
a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + .... + l, then 2(a 2  a1 )  a1a 2 a n 1a n  2 

l a d 29. 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + .... to 

i. Sn  (a  l )
2d 1
 for x  1
n (1  x) 2
ii. Sn  [2l  (n  1) d]
2 30. 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 7x3 + .... to 
23. 2 + 6 + 12 + 20 ..... n terms 1 x
 for x  1
n(n  1) (n  2) (1  x) 2

3 31. Short cut methods for recurring decimals:
24. 1 + 3 + 7 + 13 .....n terms
i.    625  6  619
.625
2
n(n 2) 990 990

3
ii.    423  4  419
.423
25. 1 + 5 + 14 + 30..... upto n terms
990 990
n(n  1) 2 (n  2)

12 iii.    1  245  2  1  243  1233
1.245
990 990 990
26. Sum of first n odd natural numbers
n
 1  3  5  .....  (2n  1)   (2r  1)  n 2
r 1

27. Sum of first n even natural numbers

n
 2  4  6  .....  2n   2r  n (n  1)
r 1

28. If a1, a2, a3, ...... an are in A.P., then

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Sequence and Series 229

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Classical Thinking 11. The sum of first n odd natural numbers is

a) n 2 b) 2n
15.1 Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) and
Arithmetic Mean (A.M.) n(n  1) n(n  1)
c) d)
2 2
1. Which term of A.P. 72, 70, 68, 66, ... is 40 ?
12. Sum of first 5 terms of an A.P. is one fourth of
a) 16 b) 17
the sum of next five terms. If the first term = 2,
c) 18 d) 20
then the common difference of the A.P. is
2. The 10th term of the sequence
a) 6 b) – 6
3, 12, 27,....... is c) 3 d) 2
13. If 1 + 6 + 11 + 16 + .... + x = 148, then x is equal
a) 243 b) 300
to
c) 363 d) 432 a) 24 b) 36
3. How many terms are there in sequence c) 42 d) 46
3, 6, 9, 12,...., 111 ? 14. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. be 3n2 – n
a) 30 b) 37 and its common difference is 6, then its first term
is
c) 40 d) 47
a) 2 b) 3
4. If a, b, c, d, e, fare in A.P., then e – c =
c) 1 d) 4
a) 2(c – a) b) 2(f – d)
h
15. pt term of the series
c) 2(d – c) d) d – c

a 1 1  1  2  3
5. If a, b, c are in A.P., then , , are in  3     3     3    ..... will be
bc c b  n  n  n
a) A.P. b) G.P.
 p  p
c) H.P. d) none of these a)  3   b)  3  
 n  n 
6. If for a sequence (tn), Sn = 3(4n – 1), then tn =
a) 3(4n–1) b) 9(4 n–l)  n  n
c) 3(4n) d) 9(4n–1) c)  3   d)  3  
 p  p
7. 15th term of an A.P. 21, 16, 11,6, ....
16. If the 9th term of an A.P. be zero, then the ratio
a) – 25 b) – 29 of its 29th and 19th term is
c) – 49 d) – 39 a) 1 : 2 b) 2 : 1
8. If for an A.P, S16 = 784, a - 4, then d = c) 1 : 3 d) 3 : 1
a) 5 b) 6 th th th
17. If the p , q and r term of an arithmetic
c) 7 d) 8 sequence are a , b and c respectively, then the
9. 7th term of an A.P. is 40. Then the sum of first 13 value of [a(q – r) + b(r – p) + c(p – q)] =
terms is a) 1 b) – 1
a) 520 b) 53 c) 0 d) 1
c) 2080 d) 1040 18. If the first term of an A.P. is 10, last term is 50
10. The fourth term of an A.P. is 4. Then the sum of and the sum of all the terms is 300, then the
the first 7 terms is number of terms are
a) 4 b) 28 a) 5 b) 8
c) 16 d) 40 c) 10 d) 15

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Sequence and Series 230

19. The solution of the equation
5(2n  1) 3(3n  1)
(x + 1 )+(x + 4)+(x + 7) + ... + (x + 28) = 155 is a) b)
3 2
a) 1 b) 2
c) 3 d) 4 5(3n  1) 5(2n  1)
c) d)
20. The number of terms of the A.P. 3,7,1 l,15...to be 2 3
taken so that the sum is 406, is 27. For a G.P. 4, – 4, 4, – 4, ..., tn =
a) 5 b) 10 a) 4( – 1)n–1 b) 4(– l)n
c) 12 d) 14 c) 2(– l)n–1 d) 2(– l)n
28. How many terms of the G.P. 1, 3, 9, 27...... have
1 to be taken to get the sum equal to 3280?
21. If A1, A2 are two arithmetic means between
3 a) 5 b) 8
1 c) 7 d) 6
and , then their values are
24
3 9 27
29. For a G.P. 1, , , , .......,Sn 
7 5 17 5 2 4 8
a) , b) ,
72 36 72 36
 3    3    2   3  
n n

a)   1     b)   1    
7 5 5 17  5    2    5    2  
c) , d) ,
36 72 72 72
 3  3    2    3  
n n
22. If A be an arithmetic mean between two numbers
and S be the sum of n arithmetic means between c)   1     d)   1    
 5    2    5    2  
the same numbers, then
a) S = nA b) A – nS 30. All the terms of a G.P. are squared. The new
series thus formed is in
c) A = S d) A = n2S
a) G.P. b) A.P.
23. Three numbers are in A.P. whose sum is 33 and
product is 792, then the smallest number from c) H.P d) none of these
these numbers is 31. The nth term of a G.P, 1, 2, 4, 8, .... is
a) 4 b) 8 a) 2n b) 2n – l
c) 11 d) 14 c) 2 n–1 d) 1– 2n
24. Which term of the sequence 32. The sum to n terms of 2 + 22 + 222 + . .... is
8 – 6i, 7 – 4i, 6 – 2i,.... is a real number ? 1
a) [10(10n  1)  9n]
a) 7 th b) 6 th 81
c) 5 th d) 4 th
2
b) [10(10n  1)  9n]
15.2 Geometric Progression (G.P.) and 81
Geometric Mean (G.M.)
2
c) [10(10n  1)]
1 1 1 1 81
25. The nth term for a G.P. 1, , , , ....... is
2 4 8 16
i
d) [10(10n  1)  n]
n n 1 81
1 1
a)   b)   33. The sum to n terms of 0.9 + 0.99 + 0.999 is
2 4
n 1 9n  [1  (0.1) n ] 5n  [1  (0.1) n ]
1 1
n a) b)
c)   d)   9 9
2 4
9n  [1  (0.1) n ] 6n  [1  (0.1)n ]
26. For a G.P. 5, 15, 45,135,....., Sn = c) d)
9 9

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Sequence and Series 231

34. If the first term of a G.P. is 2 and sum to infinity is 42. If g1 and g2 be the two geometric means between
6, then r = two positive numbers p and q, then g1g2 is equal
to
1 2
a) b) a) p + q b) pq
3 3
pq p
3 4 c) d) q
c) d) pq
2 3
43. If for a G.P., t3 = 20 and t7 = 320, then the first
3 3 3 3 term and common ratio respectively are
35. tn for a G.P. 3, , , , ...... is
2 4 8 16 a) – 5, 2 b) 5, – 2
n 1 n 1 c) – 5, – 2 d) 5, 2
 1 1
a) 3    b) 3   44. The first term of G.P. is 1. The sum of third and
 2  2
fifth terms is 90. Find common ratio of G.P.
n n 1 a) ± 4 b) ± 5
 1  1
c) 3   d) 3n   c) ± 3 d) ± 6
 2  2
45. If for a G.P., t3 = 20, t7 = 320, then t10 =
36. The sum of first eight terms of G.P. is 82 times
a) 2500 b) 2560
the sum of first four terms. The common ratio of
G.P is c) 2650 d) 2600
th
a) 4 b) 5 46. If the 10 term of a geometric progression is 9
and 4th term is 4, then its 7th term is
c) 3 d) 2
37. For a G.P. 3, 12, 48, 192,...., Sn = a) 6 b) 36

4 9
 4n  1   4n  1  c) d)
a) 3   b) 3   9 4
 5   4 
47. 7th term of the sequence 2, 10, 5 2,........ is
c) 4n – 1 d) 3n – 1
38. If for a G.P. ,r = 2, S8 = 510, then t3 = a) 125 10 b) 25 2
a) 8 b) 4
c) 125 d) 125 2
c) 16 d) 12
48. The two geometric means between the number
39. How many terms of G.P. 2, 22, 23 needed to get
1 and 64 are
the sum 30?
a) 1 and 64 b) 4 and 16
a) 4 b) 8
c) 2 and 16 d) 8 and 16
c) 5 d) 6
49. If the product of three consecutive terms of a
40. If three numbers a, 8, b, (a  b) are in G.P and
G.P. is 216 and the sum of product of pair-wise is
a, b, – 8 are in A.P. then the values of a and b
15, 6, then the numbers will be
respectively are
a) 1, 3, 9
a) – 4, – 16 b) – 4, 16
b) 2, 6, 18
c) 16, – 4 d) 16, 4
c) 3, 9, 27
41. Three numbers are in G. P. whose sum is 70. If
the extremes be each multiplied by 4 and the d) 2, 4, 8
means by 5, they will be in A.P. Find the numbers. 50. The sum of infinity of a geometric progression is
a) 10, 20, 40 or 40, 20, 10 4 3
and the first term is . The common ratio is
b) 5, 15, 45 or 45, 15, 5 3 4
c) 8, 16, 32 or 32, 16, 8 a) 7/16 b) 9/16
d) – l, – 3, – 6 or – 6, – 3, – l c) 1/9 d) 7/9

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Sequence and Series 232

15.3 Harmonic Progression, Harmonic Mean 57. If A.M. of two terms is 9 and H.M. is 36, then
and Relation between A.M., G.M. and H.M. G.M. will be
51. For two positive numbers, if A.M. = 25 and a) 18 b) 12
G.M=12, then H.M. = c) 16 d) 17
a) 6.75 b) 5.86 15.4 Arithmetico Geometric
c) 5.76 d) 6.85 Progression (A.G.P.)
52. If A, G, H denote respectively the A.M., G.M. 44
58. If 3 + 5r + 7r2 + .... to  is , then r is equal to
and H.M. between two unequal positive quantities, 9
then
a) A < G < H b) A < H < G 17 1
a) b)
c) G < H < A d) H < G < A 11 4
53. The A.M. between two numbers is 32 and their 11
H.M. is 8. Thus, G.M. = c) d) 4
17
a) 16 b) 4 59. lf |x| < l, then l + 3x + 5x2 + 7x3 + .... upto  is
c) 256 d) 64 equal to
54. The arithmetic, harmonic and geometric means
1 x 2x
a) b)
144 (1  x) 2 (1  x) 2
between two positive numbers are ,
15
15 and 12 but not necessarily in this order, then x 1 x
c) d)
the H.M., G.M and A.M. respectively are (1  x) 2 (1  x)

144 144 60. The sum to, infinity of the series

a) 15, 12, b) 12, 15,
15 15 2 6 10 14
1     ...... is
144 144 3 32 33 34
c) , 12, 15 d) 12, , 15
15 15 a) 2 b) 3
55. If A is the A.M. between two distinct positive c) 4 d) 6
numbers and H is the H.M. between them, then 15.5 Special series, Exponential series,
the G.M. between the numbers is Logarithmic series
A2 n
a) 2A – H b)
H 61.  (2r  5) 
r 1

A a) n(5n + 6) b) 2n(n + 3)
c) AH d)
H c) n(n + 3) d) n(n + 6)

1 x 4 x 6 x8
56. If the 7th term of a H.P. is and the 12th term is 62. The sum of the series x 2     ......
10 2 3 4
|x| < 1, is
2
, then the 20th term is
25 x2
a) (1 – x2)–1 b)
1 x2
1 1
a) b) c) – loge (1 – x2) d) log (1 + x2)
37 41
63. The sum of 13 + 23 + 33 +......+ 253 =
1 1 a) 106525 b) 105525
c) d)
45 49 c) 104525 d) 105625

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Sequence and Series 233

2 2 2 2
64. The sum of (31) + (32) + (33) + .... + (60) is Critical Thinking
a) 64355 b) 64533
c) 64535 d) 64553 15.1 Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) and
Arithmetic Mean (A.M.)
65. (22 – 12) + (42 – 32) + (62 – 52) + .,...=
a) n(3n + l) b) n2(2n + l) 1 . Which term of the sequence 8 – 6i, 7 – 4i, 6 – 2i
c) n2(3n + l) d) n(2 n + l) is purely imaginary ?
a) 6th b) 8th
66. log e 3 
log e 9 log e 27 log e 81
   ....... is c) 9th d) 10th
22 32 42
2. The fourth term of the sequence
a) (log e 3) (log e 2) b) log e 3
1 1 1
, , , ....... is
log e 5 1 x 1 x 1 x
c) log e 2 d)
log e 3
1 1
a) b)
x2
x x3 4 1 2 x 2 x
67. If y  x     ..... , then x is equal to
2 3 4
1 2 x 1
a) e y b) ey + 1 c) d)
1 x 1 x
c) ey – l d) log (l + y)
2 2 2
3. Let Sn denote the sum of first n terms of an A.P.
68. 2.1 + 3.2 + 4.3 +.... upto 10 terms =
a) 4310 b) 3640 S3n
If S2n = 3Sn, then the ratio S is equal to
c) 3410 d) 4230 n

2 2 2 2
69. If 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = 1015, then the value of a) 4 b) 6
n is c) 8 d) 10
a) 13 b) 14 4. The number of terms in the A.P. a + b + . . . + c
c) 15 d) 16 is
70. The sum of n terms of the following series ca
1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 + 4.5 + ........ will be a) c b)
ba
1
a) n 3 b) n (n  1)(n  2) b  c  2a a
3 c) d)
ba ab
1 1
c) n (n  1)(n  2) d) n (n  1)(2n  1) ab
6 3 5. If a, b, c, are in A.P., then equals
bc

b a
a) b)
a b

a
c) d) 1
c
6. If the numbers a, b, c, d, e form an A.P. then the
value of a – 4b + 6c – 4d + e is
a) 1 b) 2
c) 0 d) – 1
7. In an A.P., S = 6, S7 = 105, then Sn : Sn – 3 is
1
same as
a) (n + 3) : (n – 3) b) (n + 3) : n
c) n : (n – 3) d) 1

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Sequence and Series 234

15. A student read common difference of an A.P. as
1 1 1
8. The sum ol the series    ..... upto 9 – 2 instead of 2 and got the sum of first 5 terms
2 3 6 as – 5. Actual sum of first five terms is
terms is
a) 25 b) – 25
5 1 c) – 35 d) 35
a) b) 
6 2 16. The sum of first four terms of an A.P. is 56 and
sum of last four terms is 112. If the first term is
3 11, then the number of terms is
c) 1 d) 
2 a) 10 b) 12
9. The first, second and last terms of an A.P. are a, c) 11 d) none of these
b and 2a. The number of terms in the A.P. is th
17. n term of 3.8 + 6.11 + 9.14 + 12.17 + ...... will
b b be
a) b) a) 3n(3n + 5) b) 3n(n + 5)
ba ba
c) n(3n + 5) d) n(n + 5)
a a 18. If the angles of a quadrilateral are in A.P. whose
c) d)
ba ba common difference is 100, then the angles of the
10. The sum of all 2-digit numbers which leave quadrilateral are
remainder 1 when divided by 3 is a) 650, 850, 950, 1050 b) 750, 850, 950, 1050
a) 1616 b) 1602 c) 650, 750, 850, 950 d) 650, 950, 1050, 1150
c) 1605 d) 1606 1 1 1
19. If a, b, c, are in A.P. and also , , are in
n(n  1) a b c
11. If Sn  nP  Q , where Sn denotes the A.P., then
2
sum of the first n terms of an A.P., then the a) a = b  c b) a  b = c
common difference is c) a = b = c d) a  b  c
a) P + Q b) 2P + 3Q 20. If the ratio of the sum of a terms of two A.P.’s be
c) 2Q d) Q (7n + 1) : (4n + 27), then the ratio of their 11th
term will be
12. Find the sum of three digit numbers, which are
divisible by 7 ? a) 2 : 3 b) 3 : 4
a) 70770 b) 70330 c) 4 : 3 d) 5 : 6
21. The number of numbers between 105 and 1000,
c) 70336 d) 70777
which are divisible by 7 is
13. 150 workers were engaged to finish a certain
a) 142 b) 128
piece of work in a certain number of days. Four
workers dropped the second day, four more c) 127 d) 126
dropped third day and so on. It takes 8 more days 22. If 1, log9 (3 + 2), log3 (4.3x – 1) are in A.P.,
1–x

to finish work now. Find the number of days in then x equals

which the work was completed ? a) log34 b) l – log34
a) 25 b) 30 c) l – log4 3 d) log43
c) 15 d) 10 23. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is 2n2 + 5n, then
14. The sum of first n terms of an A.P. whose last the nth term will be
term is l and common difference is d is a) 4n + 3 b) 4n + 5
c) 4n + 6 d) 4n + 7
n n
a) [2l  (n  1) d] b) [2l  (n  1)d] 24. The nth term of an A.P. is 3n – 1 . Choose from
2 2
the following, the sum of its first five terms
n n a) 14 b) 35
c) [l  (n  1) d] d) [l  (n  1)d]
2 2 c) 80 d) 40

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Sequence and Series 235

25. There are 15 terms in an arithmetic progression.
 2n  1   2n 1  1 
Its first term is 5 and their sum is 390. The middle a) 5  n  b) 5  n 
term is  2   2 
a) 23 b) 26  2n 1 
 2n  1 
c) 29 d) 32 c) 5  n 1  d) 5  n 
 2  2 
n 1 n 1
26. If a n  b n be the A.M. of a and b, then n = 34. If for a G.P., t3 = 36 and t6 = 972, then t8 =
a b a) 8748 b) 84
a) 1 b) – 1 c) 4784 d) 88
c) 0 d) 2 35. If a, b, c are in G.P., then
27. The sum of n arithmetic mean between a and b, a) a(b2 + a2) = c(b2 + c
is b) a(b2 + c2) = c(a2 + b
c) a2(b + c) = c2(a + b)
n(a  b)
a) b) n(a + b) d) none of these
2
36. If for a G.P., r = 2,t9 = 128, then a =
(n  1)(a  b)
c) d) (n + 1) (a + b) 1 1
2 a) b)
4 2
28. After inserting n A.M.’s between 2 and 38, the
3 3
sum of the resulting progression is 200. The value c) d)
of n is 4 2
37. The sum to n terms of 4 + 44 + 444 +. ... is
a) 10 b) 8
c) 9 d) 7 1 10 
 (10  1)  n 
n
a)
n n
29. If log 2, log(2 – 1) and log(2 + 3) are in A.P., 9 9 
then n =
4 10 
 (10  1) 
n
a) 5/2 b) log25 b)
9 9 
c) log35 d) 3/2
4 10 
30. If the sum of three numbers of a arithmetic  (10  1)  n 
n
c)
sequence is 15 and the sum of their squares is 9 9 
83, then the numbers are
4 1 
 (10  1) 
n
a) 4, 5, 6 b) 3, 5, 7 d)
9 9 
c) 1, 5, 9 d) 2, 5, 8
1 3 7 15
31. If a, b, c are in A.P., then 38. The nth term of the series     ......
2 4 8 16
(a + 2b – c) (2b + c – a) (c + a – b) equals
is
a) – abc b) abc
1  (n  1) 2 1
c) 2 abc d) 4 abc a) b) 1 
2n 2n
15.2 Geometric Progression (G.P.) and
Geometric Mean (G.M.) 1
c) 2–n – 1 d)
2n
32. If the third term of a G.P. is 4, then product of 39. The sum of the first 10 terms of the series
first five terms is
a) 4 3 b) 4 5 2  6  18  ..... is
c) 4 4 d) 4 2 121
a) 121 ( 6  2) b)
3 1
5 5 5 5
33. Sn of the G.P. , , , ,...... is
2 4 8 16 c) 243( 3  1) d) 242( 3  1)

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Sequence and Series 236

–4
40. The first and second terms of a G.P. are x and
p
xn respectively. If x52 is the eighth term of the 47. 2.345 in form is
same progression, then n is equal to q
a) 13 b) 4
129 129
c) 5 d) 3 a) b)
55 56
41. For a G.P. whose 4 term is 24 and 9th term is
th

768, S10 = 55 155

c) d)
a) 3(210–1 – 1) b) 3(210– 1) 17 74
c) 2(310 – 1) d) 2(310–1 – l) 48. If second term of G.P. is 2 and the sum of its
42. The sum to n terms of 1 + (1 + X) + (1 + x + x2 ) infinite terms is 8, then its first term is
+ ..... upton terms is
1 1
n x(1  x) n n x(1  x n ) a) b)
a)  b)  4 2
1  x (1  x) 2 1  x (1  x) 2
c) 2 d) 4
x(1  x) n 49. Sum of n terms of the series
n x(1  x n ) n

c)  d)
1  x (1  x)2 1  x (1  x)2 1 3 7 15
    ..... is equal to
43. Find a G.P. for which the sum of first two terms 2 4 8 16
is – 4 and the 5th term is 4 times the 3rd term a) 2n – n – 1 b) 1 – 2–n
8 14 16 n
c) 2 – 1 d) n + 2–n – 1
a) , , , ...... or 4,  8, 12, 16,.....
3 3 3 50. The sum to infinity of

8 11 16 1 2 1 2
b) , , , ...... or 2, 4, 8,.....     ..... is
3 3 3 7 7 2 73 7 4

4 8 16 3 1
c) , , , ...... or 4,  8, 16,  32, ..... a) b)
3 3 3 16 5
4 8 16 1 1
d) , , , ...... or 4,  8, 12, 24, ..... c) d)
3 3 3 24 16
44. The product of first three terms of a G.P. is 1000. 51. If A = 1 + r2 + r22 + r32 + ....  , then the of r will
If 6 is added to its 2nd term and 7 is added to its
be
3rd term, the terms become in A.P. Find the G.P.
a) 5, 10, 20 b) 3, 6, 12 1
A 1z
c) 7, 14, 28 d) 1, 3, 9 a) A(1 – A)z b)  
 A 
45. In a G.P., the first term is 'a', second term is ‘b’
and the last term is ‘c’, then sum of the series is 1
1

c)   
1 z d) A(1  A) z
a b
2
a  bc
2
a) b) A 
b a b

a3  b 1 1
a 3  bc 52. If b is the G.M of a and c, then  
c) d) ba bc
ab ab
46. The sum of first 10 terms of G.P. is equal to 244 1 1
times to sum of its first five terms. Then the a) b)
a c
common ratio is
a) 7 b) 3 1
c) 1 d)
c) 4 d) 5 b

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Sequence and Series 237

53. If g and g be the two geometric means between 61. The first term of a G.P. is 7, the last term is 448
1 2
and sum of all terms is 889, then the common
g12 g 22
two positive numbers a and b then  is ratio is
g 2 g1
a) 5 b) 4
equal to c) 3 d) 2
a) a + b b) ab 62. If G be the geometric mean of x and y, then
ab ab 1 1
c) d)  2 
ab ab G x22
G  y2
54. If the pth, qth and rth term of a G.P. are a, b, c
respectively, then aq–r.br–p.cp–q is equal to 1
a) G2 b)
a) 0 b) 1 G2
c) abc d) pqr 2
c) d) 3G2
   G2
55. If x   a , y   b , z   (ab) , where
n n n

n 0 n 0 n 0
63. The G.M. of the numbers 3, 32, 33,.. is
2 n 1
a, b < l,then
a) 3 n b) 3 2
a) xyz = x + y + z b) xz + yz = xy + z
n n 1
c) xy + yz = xz + y d) xy + xz = yz + x c) 3 2 d) 3 2

56. The sum of first three terms of a G.P. to the sum

64. The value of 41/3. 41/9.41/27.......  is
of next three terms is 125 : 27. The common ratio
of the G.P. is a) 2 b) 3
c) 4 d) 9
1 3
a) b) 65. The sum to infinity of the progression
2 5
1
5 4 9  3  1   ..... is
c) d) 3
3 5
9
57. Fifth term of a G.P. is 2, then the product of its a) 9 b)
9 terms is 2
a) 256 b) 512 27 15
c) d)
c) 1024 d) 128 4 2
58. If the sum of n terms of a G.P. is 255 and nth term 66. The first term of an infinite geometric progression
is 128 and common ratio is 2, then first term will is x and its sum is 5. Then
be a) 0  x  10 b) 0 < x < 10
a) 1 b) 3
c) – 10 < x < 0 d) x > 10
c) 7 d) 2
15.3 Harmonic Progression, Harmonic Mean
59. The solution of the equation
and Relation between A.M., G.M. and H.M.
1 + a + a2 + a3 + .... + ax = (1 + a) (1 + a2)(1 + a4)
is given by x is equal to ab
67. If a, b, c are in H.P., then equals
a) 3 b) 5 bc
c) 7 d) – 5
a a
60. If in a geometric progression {an}, a1 = 3, an= 96 a) b)
a b
and Sn = 189 then the value of n is
a) 5 b) 6 a 1
c) d)
c) 7 d) 8 c a

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Sequence and Series 238

68. If c is the harmonic mean between a and b, then 75. Which number should be added to the numbers
c c 13, 15, 19 so that the resulting numbers be the
 is equal to consecutive terms of a H.P.
a b
a) 7 b) 6
ab c) – 6 d) – 7
a) 2 b)
ab
76. In a H.P., pth term is q and the qth term is p. Then
ab pqth term is
c) d) 1
ab a) 0 b) 1
69. If H is the Harmonic mean between a and b, c) pq d) pq(p + q)
1 1 77. If loga x, logb x, logc x be in H.P., then a, b, c are
then   in
Ha Hb
a) A.P. b) H.P.
1 1 1 1
a)  b)  c) G.P. d) None of these
a b a b 78. If a and b are two different positive real numbers,
1 1 then which of the following relations is true
c) d)
a b a) 2 ab  (a  b) b) 2 ab  (a  b)
70. If H is the harmonic mean between a and b, then
c) 2 ab  (a  b) d) None of these
Ha Hb
 is equal to
Ha Hb 79. If a, b, c are in A.P. and |a|, |b|, |c| < 1 and
x = 1 + a + a2 + ..... 
1 1
a) b)  y = 1 + b + b +..... 
2 2
z = 1 + c + c2 ...... 
c) 2 d) 1
th
Then x, y, z shall be in
71. If the 7 term of a harmonic progression is 8 and
the 8 term is 7, then its 1 5th term is a) A.P. b) G.P.
a) 16 b) 14 c) H.P. d) None of these
80. If a, b, c are in A.P., then 3a, 3b, 3c shall be in
27 56
c) d) a) A.P. b) G.P.
14 15
c) H.P. d) None of these
a a 81. If the ratio of H.M. and G.M. of two quantities is
72. The harmonic mean of and is
1  ab 1  ab 12 : 13, then the ratio of the numbers is
a a a) 1 : 2 b) 2 : 3
a) b)
1 a b2 2
1  a 2b2 c) 3 : 4 d) 9 : 4
82. If the ratio of two numbers be 9 : 1, then the ratio
1
c) a d) of geometric and harmonic means between them
1  a 2 b2 will be
73. If a, b, c, and b, c, dare in H.P., then ab + bc + cd a) 1 : 9 b) 5 : 3
is
c) 3 : 5 d) 2 : 5
a) 3ad b) (a + b)(c + d)
83. If a, b, c are in A.P.,
c) 3ac d) 3bd
then 10ax+10, 10bx+10, 10cx+10 will be
74. H.M. between two numbers is 4. The A.M. ‘A’
and the G.M. ‘G’ between them satisfy the a) A.P.
relation 2A + G2 = 27. The numbers are b) G.P. only when x > 0
a) 6, 3 b) 4, 2 c) G.P. for all values of x
c) 6, 9 d) 3, 5 d) G.P. for x < 0

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Sequence and Series 239

x y 2
84. If a = b = c and a, b, c are in G.P., then x, y, z n
are in 90.  r (r  3) 
r 1
a) A.P. b) G.P.
c) H.P. d) None of these n(n  1)(n  5) n(n  3)(n  5)
a) b)
85. If a, b, c are in A.P., then 2ax+1, 2bx+1, 2cx+1, x  0 3 3
are in
a) A.P. b) G.P. only when x > 0 n(n  1)(n  7) n(n  1)(n  2)
c) d)
3 3
c) G.P. if x < 0 d) G.P. for all x  0
91. The sum of the series
15.4 Arithmetico Geometric
Progression (A.G.P.) 1 1 1
   ......  is
86. The sum of the series 1 + 2x + 3x + 4x + ....+ 2 3 1 2 3  4 5  6
...... upto n terms is a) log 2 b) e– 1

1  (n  1)x n  nx n 1 c) e d) log 3
a)
(1  x) 2 92. 1.3 + 5.7 + 9.11 + ..... upto n terms is equal to

1 xn n(n 2  7) n(16n  7)
b) a) b)
1 x 3 3
c) x n 1 n(16n 2  7) n(16n 2  7)
c) d)
x n 1 4 3
d)
(1  x) 2 93. If S1, S2 and S3 are the sum of the sum of first n
natural numbers, their squares and their cubes
87. The sum of the numbers
respectively, then S3 (1 + 8S1) =
1 + 2.2 + 3.22 + 4.23 ... + 100.299 is
a) 9S2 b) 9S1
a) 99 × 2100 b) 1 + 99 × 2100
c) 99 × 299 – 1 d) none of these c) 9S 32 d) 9S 22

2 3 4 94. The sum of the series from n = 1 to n =  whose

88. The sum of 1     ....... upto n terms
5 52 53 1
nth term is is
is (n  1)!
25 4n  5 3 2n  5 a) e – 1 b) e – 2
a)  b) 
16 16  5n 1 4 16  5n 1 c) e d) 0
3 3n  5 1 5n  1 95. The sum of n terms of the sequence whose rth
c)  d) 
7 16  5n 1 2 3  5n  2 13  23  ....  r 3
term is is
15.5 Special series, Exponential (r  1) 2
series, Logarithmic series
n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1)(2n  1)
a) b)
89. 12  2 2  3 2  ......  122 is equal to
3 3 3 3
24 12
1  2  3  .....  12
n(n  2)(2n  3) n(n  2)(2n  3)
c) d)
243 234 24 12
a) b)
25 25
96. The sum of 13 + 33 + 53 + ..... + 213 is
263 263 a) 26191 b) 29161
c) d)
27 25 c) 21619 d) 29611

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Sequence and Series 240

th
97. The sum to n terms of the sequence whose r 2 4 6
104. The sum of the series    ....... will be
term is 1  2  3  ....  r is 3! 5! 7!
r a) e – 1 b) e – 2
n(n  3) n(n  5) c) 2e –1 d) 2e –2
a) b) 105. Sum of the squares of first n natural numbers
2 4
exceeds their sum by 330, then n =
n(n  5) n(n  3) a) 8 b) 10
c) d)
2 4 c) 15 d) 20
1 1 1 2 8 26 80
   .... 106. Sum of the series     ....... to n
98. 2! 4! 6!  3 9 27 81
1 1 1
   ...... terms is
1! 3! 5!
1 1 n
e2  1 e2  1 a) n  (3n  1) b) n  (3  1)
a) 2 b) 2 2 2
e 1 e 1
1 1
c) n  (1  3 ) d) n  (3 n  1)
n
e 1 e 1
c) d) 2 2
e 1 e 1
107. 113 + 123 + ...... + 203
99. The sum of 24 terms of the following series
a) Is divisible by 3
2  8  18  32  ...... is b) Is an odd integer, divisible by 5
a) 300 b) 300 2 c) Is an even integer, which is not divisible by 5
d) Is an odd integer, which is not divisible by 5
c) 200 2 d) 200 108. The nth term of the series
th
100. n term of the series 2 + 4 + 7+ 11 + ...... will be
2 7 15 26
n2  n 1     ..... is
a) 2
b) n + n + 2 1! 2! 3! 4!
2
n(3n  1) n(3n  1)
n2  n  2 n 2  2n  2 a) b)
c) d) 2(n)! 2(n)!
2 2
101. The sum of i – 2 – 3i + 4 + ..... upto 100 terms, n 3n 2n!
c) d)
where i  1 is 2 (n)! n (3n  1)
a) 50(1 – i) b) 25i 109. nth term of the series
c) 25(l + i) d) 100(1 – i)
13 13  23 13  23  33
   ..... will be
102.
1

1

1
 ...... 
1
equals 1 1 3 1 3  5
1 2 2  3 3  4 n(n  1)
n 2  2n  1
a) n2 + 2n + 1 b)
n 1 n(n  1) 8
a) b)
n 6
n 2  2n  1 n 2  2n  1
n n 2 c) d)
c) d) 4 4
n 1 n 1
1 1 1 1
103.     ...... equals
2! 3! 4! 5!
a) log 2 b) log e
c) e d) e – 1

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Sequence and Series 241

Competitive Thinking 8. If p times the pth term of an A.P. is equal to
q times the qth term of an A.P., then (p + q)th
15.1 Arithmetic Progression (A. P.) and term is
Arithmetic Mean (A.M.)
a) 0 b) 1
1. If the pth term of an A.P. be q and qth term be
p, then its rth term will be c) 2 d) 3
a) p + q + r b) p + q – r 9. The sum of n terms of two arithmetic series are
c) p + r – q d) p – q – r in the ratio 2n + 3 : 6n + 5, then the ratio of their
13th term is
2. If tan n = tan m, then the different values of
 will be in a) 53 : 155 b) 27 : 77
a) A.P. b) G.P. c) 29 : 83 d) 31 : 89
th
c) H.P. d) None of these 10. Let tr be the r term of an A.P. for r = 1, 2, 3, ......
3 . If mth terms of the series 63 + 65 + 67 + 69 + 1
..... and 3 + 10 + 17 + 24 + ..... be equal, then m If for some positive integers m, n we have t m 
n
=
a) 11 b) 12 1
and t n  then tmn equals
c) 13 d) 15 m
th
4. The 9 term of the series
1 1 1
a) b) 
2 6 mn m n
27  9  5  3  ....... will be
5 7
c) 1 d) 0
10 10 11. If the sum of the series 2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + ..... is
a) 1 b)
17 17 60100, then the number of terms is
a) 100 b) 200
16 17
c) d) c) 150 d) 250
27 27
12. The sum of all natural numbers between 1 and
(a  c) 2 100 which are multiples of 3 is
5. If a, b, c are in A.P., then 2 
(b  ac) a) 1680 b) 1683
a) 1 b) 2 c) 1681 d) 1682
c) 3 d) 4 13. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. be equal to
the sum of its first m terms, (m  n), then the
6. If log32, log3(2x – 5) and log3  2x  7  are in sum of its first (m + n) terms will be
 2 a) 0 b) n
A.P., then x is equal to
c) m d) m + n
1 1 14. If a1, a2, a3 ..... an are in A.P., where ai > 0 for all
a) 1, b) 1,
2 3 i, then the value of
3 1 1 1
c) 1, d) None of these   .....  
2 a1  a n a 2  a3 a n 1  a n
7. If nth term of two A.P.’s are 3n + 8 and 7n + 15,
then the ratio of their 12th term will be n 1
n 1
a) b)
4 7 a1  a n a1  a n
a) b)
9 16
n 1 n 1
3 8 c) d)
c) d) a1  a n a1  a n
7 15

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Sequence and Series 242

2
15. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is nA + n B, 23. Let a , a2, a3, .... be terms of an A.P. If
1
where A, B are constants, then its common
difference will be a1  a 2  ..... a p p2 a
 , p  q, then 6 equals
a) A – B b) A + B a1  a 2  ....  a q q2 a 21
c) 2A d) 2B
41 7
16. If a, b, c, d, e are in A.P., then the value of a) b)
11 2
a + b + 4c – 4d + e in terms of a, if possible is
a) 4a b) 2a 2 11
c) d)
c) 3 d) None of these 7 41
17. The interior angles of a polygon are hi A.P. If the 24. A man saves Rs. 200 in each of the first three
smallest angle be 1200 and the common difference months of his service. In each of the subsequent
be 50, then the number of sides is months his saving increases by Rs. 40 more than
a) 8 b) 10 the saving of immediately previous month. His
c) 9 d) 6 total saving from the start of service will be
18. If a , a 2 ....... a n are in A.P., with common Rs. 11040 after
1
difference, d, then, the sum of the following series a) 18 months b) 19 months
is c) 20 months d) 21 months
sin d(cosec a1.cosec a2 + cosec a2. cosec a3 + 25. Let S , S2,...., S101 be consecutive terms of an
1
..... + cosec an–1 cosec an)
1 1 1 1
a) sec a1 – sec an A.P. If   ....   and
S1S2 S2S3 S100S101 6
b) cot a1 – cot an
c) tan a1 – tan an S1 + S101 = 50, then |S1 – S101| is equal to
d) cosec a1 – cosec an a) 10 b) 20
19. If a1, a2, ......, an+1 are in A.P., then c) 30 d) 40
26. If a1, a2, a3, ...., an are in A.P. and a1 = 0, then the
1 1 1 value of
  .....  is
a 1a 2 a 2 a 3 a n a n 1
 a3 a 4 a n   1 1 1 
n 1 1      a 2    .....  
a) b)  a 2 a 3 a n 1   a2 a3 a n 2 
a1a n 1 a1a n 1
is equal to
n 1 n 1
c) d) a a 1
a) (n  2)  b)
a1a n 1 1 n 1
(n  2) (n  2)
20. If sum of n terms of an A.P. is 3n2 + 5n and c) n – 2 d) n – 1
Tm = 1 64 then m =
27. The first four terms of an A.P. are
a) 26 b) 27
a, 9, 3a – b, 3a + b. The 2011th term of the A.P. is
c) 28 d) – 26
a) 2015 b) 4025
21. If x, y, z are in A.P. and tan–1 x, tan–1 y and tan–1z
are also in A.P., then c) 5030 d) 8045
a) x = y = z b) x = y = – z a2 a3
28. The sequence log a, log , log 2 ,...... is
c) x = 1, y = 2, z = 3 d) x = 2, y = 4, z = 6 b b
22. If the roots of the equation a) A.G.P.
x3 – 12x2 + 39x – 28 = 0 are m A.P., then their b) an A.P.
common difference will be
c) a H.P.
a) ± 1 b) ± 2
d) both a G.P. and a H.P.
c) ± 3 d) ± 4

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Sequence and Series 243

29. A person is to count 4500 currency notes. Let an 1 16
denote the number of notes he counts in the nth 37. If the 5th term of a G.P. is and 9th term is ,
3 243
minute. If a1 = a2 = ..... = a10 =150 and a10, a11, ...
are in an A.P. with common difference – 2, then then the 4th term will be
the time taken by him to count all notes is 3 1
a) b)
a) 24 minutes b) 34 minutes 4 2
c) 125 minutes d) 135 minutes 1 2
30. The sum of all two digit natural numbers which c) d)
3 5
leave a remainder 5 when they are divided by
38. If every term of a G.P. with positive term is the
7 is equal to
sum of its two previous terms, then the common
a) 715 b) 702 ratio of the series is
c) 615 d) 602
2
31. An A.P. consists of 23 terms. If the sum of the a) 1 b)
three terms in the middle is 141 and the sum of 5
the last three terms is 261, then the first term is
5 1 5 1
a) 6 b) 5 c) d)
2 2
c) 4 d) 3
39. The sum of few terms of any ratio series is 728,
32. If S1 = a2 + a4 + a6 + ... upto 100 terms and
if common ratio is 3 and last term is 486, then
S2 = a1 + a3 + a5 + ... upto 100 terms of a certain first term of series will be
A.P., then its common difference is
a) 2 b) 1
a) S1 – S2 b) S2 – S1
c) 3 d) 4
S1  S2
c) d) None of these 2
2 40. If five G.M.’s are inserted between 486 and ,
3
33. If 100 times the 100th term of an A.P. with non then fourth G.M. will be
zero common difference equals the 50 times its
a) 4 b) 6
50th term, then the 150th term of this A.P. is
c) 12 d) – 6
a) – 150
41. Let (n > 1) be a positive integer, then the largest
b) 150 times its 50th term
integer m such that (nm + 1) divides
c) 150
(1 + n + n2 + ...... + n127), is
d) zero
a) 32 b) 63
15.2 Geometric Progression (G.P.) and c) 64 d) 127
Geometric Mean (G.M.)
  is
42. The value of 0.234
34. If the 4th, 7lh and 10th terms of a G.P. be a, b, c
respectively, then the relation between a, b, c is 232 232
a) b)
990 9990
ac
a) b  b) a2 = bc 232 232
2 c) d)
909 999
c) b2 = ac d) c2 = ab
35. If x, 2x + 2, 3x + 3 are in G.P., then the fourth 45
43. If 3 + 3 + 32 + ......   , then the value of
term is 8
a) 27 b) – 27  will be
c) 13.5 d) – 13.5 15 7
a) b)
36. If x, y, z are in G.P. and ax = ry = cz, then 23 15
a) loga c = log b a b) logb a = logc b
7 15
c) logcb = logac d) ab = bc c) d)
8 7

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Sequence and Series 244

44. x = 1 + a + a2 + .......  (a  1) 50. The sum of the series
y = 1 + b + b2 .......  (b  1) 5.05 + 1.212 + 0.29088 + ....  is
a) 6.93378 b) 6.87342
Then, the value of 1 + ab + a2b2 + ...... is c) 6.74384 d) 6.64474
xy xy 51. The sum of the series 3 + 33 + 333 + .... + n
a) b) x  y  1 terms is
x  y 1
xy 1
c)
xy
d) a) (10n 1  9n  28)
x  y 1 x  y 1 27

 =
45. 0.423 1
b) (10n 1  9n  10)
27
419 419
a) b)
990 999 1
c) (10n 1  10n  9)
417 417 27
c) d) d) 27
990 999
2 3 4
46. If y = x – x + x – x + ......  , then value of x 52. The sum of a G.P. with common ratio 3 is 364,
will be and last term is 243, then the number of terms is
a) 6 b) 5
1 y
a) y  b) c) 4 d) 10
y 1 y
53. The G.M. of roots of the equation x2 – 18x + 9 = 0
1 y is
c) y  d)
y 1 y a) 3 b) 4
47. The sum of infinite terms of a G.P. is x and on c) 2 d) 1
squaring the each term of it, the sum will be y, 54. Consider an infinite G.P. with first term a and
then the common ratio of this series is common ratio r, its sum is 4 and the second term
is 3/4, then
x 2  y2 x 2  y2
a) b)
x 2  y2 x 2  y2 7 3 3 1
a) a  , r  b) a  , r 
4 7 2 2
x2  y x2  y
c) d)
x2  y x2  y 3 1
c) a  2, r  d) a  3, r 
48. If S is the sum to infinity of a G.P., whose first 8 4
term is a, then the sum of the first n terms is 55. The sum of infinite terms of the geometric
n   a n  2 1 11
 a progression , , ....... is
a) S 1   b) 1  1   
S 2 1 2  2 2
 S   S  
a) 2 ( 2  1) 2 b) ( 2  1) 2
  a  n n
c) a 1  1    d) 1  a  c) 5 2 d) 3 2  5
  S    S
56. If the sum of the series
49. 0.14189189189., can be expressed as a rational
number 2 4 8
1    .....  is a finite number, then
7 7 x x 2 x3
a) b) a) x > 2 b) x > – 2
3700 50

525 21 1 1
c) d) c) x  d) x 
111 148 2 2

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Sequence and Series 245

57. If 1 + cos + cos2 + ....   2  2 , then , a) – 12 b) 12

(0 <  < ) is c) 4 d) – 4
a) /8 b) /6 65. Three numbers whose sum is 15 are in A.P. If
c) /4 d) 3/4 they are added by 1, 4 and 19 respectively they
l/x l/y 1/z
are in G.P. The numbers are
58. If a = b = c and a, b, c are in G.P., then x, y,
z will be in a) 2,5,8
a) A.P. b) G.P. b) 26, 5, – 16
c) H.P. d) None of these c) 2, 5, 8 and 26, 5, – 16
d) None of these
th
10 1 20 2
59. The 5 term of the series , , , , ...... is 4
9 3 3 3 66. If sum of an infinite geometric series is and
3
1
a) b) 1 3
3 its 1st term is , then its common ratio is
4
2 2
c) d) 7 9
5 3 a) b)
16 16
60. The value of i – i2 + i3 – i4 + .... – i100 is equal to
a) i b) – i 1 7
c) d)
9 9
c) 1 – i d) 0
61. If a1, a2,....., a50 are in G.P., then 67. In a G.P., t2 + 15 = 216 and t4 : t6 = 1 : 4 and all
terms are integers, then its first term is
a1  a 3  a 5 ......  a 49 a) 16 b) 14
a 2  a 4  a 6  ......  a 50
c) 12 d) None of these
a) 0 b) 1 68. Consider an infinite geometric series with first
term ‘a’ and common ratio ‘r’. If the sum is 4
a1 a 25
c) d) 3
a2 a 24 and the second term is , then
4
62. The product (32) (32)1/6(32)l/36 .... to  is
a) 16 b) 32 3 4 3
a) a  2, r  b) a  , r 
c) 64 d) 0 8 7 7

63. If 1 + sinx + sin2 x +.... upto  = 4 + 2 3 , 3 1 1

c) a  , r  d) a  3, r 
 2 2 4
0 < x <  and x  , then x =
2 69. If a, b and c are positive numbers in a G.P., then
the roots of the quadratic equation
 2  
a) , b) , (logea)x2 – (21ogeb)x + (logec) = 0 are
3 3 6 3
log e c
 5 2  a) 1 and
c) , d) , log e a
3 6 3 6
64. The first two terms of a geometric progression log e c
add up to 12. The sum of the third and the fourth b) 1 and
log e a
terms is 48. If the terms of the geometric
progression are alternately positive and negative, c) 1 and logac
then the first term is d) – 1 and logea

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Sequence and Series 246

15.3 Harmonic Progression, Harmonic Mean 76. If the A.M. and G.M. of roots of a quadratic
and Relation between A.M., G.M. and H.M. equations are 8 and 5 respectively, then the
quadratic equation will be
1 1 a) x2 – 16x – 25 = 0 b) x2 – 8x + 5 = 0
70. The fifth term of the H.P. 2, 2 , 3 ,....... will
2 3 c) x2 – 16x + 25 = 0 d) x2 + 16x – 25 = 0
be
77. If a, b, c are in H.P., then which one of the
1 1 following is true?
a) 5 b) 3
5 5 1 1 1 ac
a)   b) b
1 ba bc b ac
c) d) 10
10 ba bc
c)  1 d) None of these
71. If a1, a2, a3, ........ an are in H.P., then ba bc
a1a2 + a2a3 + ...... an–1an will be equal to 78. The product of n positive numbers is unity. Their
a) a 1 a n b) na 1 a n sum is
c) (n – l)a1an d) n – 1 1
a) A positive integer b) Equal to n 
1 1 n
72. If 5th term of a H.P. is and 111th term is ,
45 69 c) Divisible by n d) Never less than n
then its 16th term will be 79. If H is the harmonic mean between p and q, then
1 5 H H
a) b) the value of p  q is
89 21

1 1 pq
c) d) a) 2 b) p  q
80 79
73. H.M between the roots of the equation
x2 – 10x + ll = 0 is pq
c) pq d) None of these
1 5
a) b) 80. If three numbers be in G.P., then their logarithms
5 11
will be in
21 11 a) A.P. b) G.P.
c) d)
20 5 c) H.P. d) None of these
81. If x, 1, z are in A.P. and x, 2, z are in G.P., then x,
6
74. The sixth H.M. between 3 and is 4, z will be in
13
a) A.P b) G.P.
63 63 c) H.P. d) None of these
a) b)
120 12 82. If A 1, A 2 are the two A.M.’s between two
numbers a and b and G1, G2 be two G.M.’s
126 120
c) d) A1  A 2
105 63 between same two numbers, then 
G1.G 2
a n 1  b n 1
75. If be the harmonic mean between
a n  bn ab ab
a) b)
a and b, then the value of n is ab 2ab
a) 1 b) – 1 2ab ab
c) 0 d) 2 c) d)
ab ab

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Sequence and Series 247

83. If the A.M. is twice the G.M. of the numbers a a) log(x – z) b) 21og(x – z)
and b, then a : b will be c) 31og (x – z) d) 41og(x – z)
2 2 2
2 3 2 3 92. If b ,a , c are in A.P., then a + b, b + c, c + a will
a) b) be in
2 3 2 3
a) A.P. b) G.P.
32 32 c) H.P. d) None of these
c) d) 93. If H1, H2 are two harmonic means between two
32 32
positive numbers a and b(a  b), A and G are the
84. x + y + z = 15 if 9, x, y, z, a are in A.P.; while arithmetic and geometric means between a and
1 1 1 5 b, then
   if 9, x, y, z, a are in H.P., then the
x y z 3 2A A
value of a will be a) b)
G 2G 2
a) 1 b) 2
A 2A
c) 3 d) 9 c) d)
G2 G2
xy yz 94. If a, b, c are in G.P. and x, y are the arithmetic
85. If , y, are in H.P., then x, y, z are in
2 2 means between a, b and b, c respectively, then
a) A.P. b) G.P. a c

c) H.P. d) None of these x y is equal to
86. If the ratio of H.M. and G.M. between two
a) 0 b) 1
numbers a and b is 4 : 5, then the ratio of the two
numbers will be c) 2 d) i
a) 1 : 2 b) 1 : 4 95. If A.M. and G.M. of x an.dy are in the ratio p : q,
then x: y is
c) 4 : 1 d) (b) and (c)
If A is the A.M. of the roots of the equation a) p  p  q : p  p  q
2 2 2 2
87.
x2 – 2ax + b = 0 and G is the G.M. of the roots of
the equation x2 – 2bx + a2 = 0, then b) p  p  q : p  p  q
2 2 2 2

a) A > G b) A  G
c) p + q
c) A = G d) A < G
d) p  p  q : p  p  q
2 2 2 2
88. If the altitudes of a triangle are in A.P., then the
sides of the triangle are in 96. If p, q, r are in G.P. and tan–1 p, tan–1 q, tan–1 r are
a) A.P. b) H.P. in A.P., then p, q, r satisfies the relation
c) G.P. d) A.G.P. a) p = q = r b) p  q  r
89. A boy goes to school from his home at a speed of c) p + q = r d) None of these
x km/hour and comes back at a speed of 97. Let a be a positive number such that the arithmetic
y km/hour, then the average speed is given by mean of a and 2 exceeds their geometric mean
a) A.M. b) G.M. by 1. Then, the value of a is
c) H.M. d) None of these a) 3 b) 5
90. If x > 1, y > 1, z > 1 are in G.P., then c) 9 d) 8
1 1 1 98. If A1 A2 ; G1, G2 and H1, H2 be two A.M.s, G.M.s
, , and H.M.s. between two numbers respectively,
1  log x 1  log y 1  log z are in
G1G 2 H1  H 2
a) A.P. b) H.P. then  
H1H 2 A1  A 2
c) G.P. d) None of these
91. If x, y, z are in H.P., then the value of expression a) 1 b) 0
log(x + z) + log(x – 2y + z) will be c) 2 d) 3

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Sequence and Series 248

2
99. If a, b, c are in G.P., then loga x., logb x, logc x are 106. The geometric mean of 1,2,2 ,...., 2n is
in n (n 1)
a) A.P. b) G.P. a) 2 2 b) 2 2

c) H.P. d) None of these n (n 1) (n 1)

100. If (y – x), 2(y – z) and (y – z) are in H.P., then c) 2 2 d) 2 2

x – a, y – a, z – a are in
x n 1  y n 1
a) A.P. b) G.P. 107. The value of n for which is the
x n  yn
c) H.P. d) None of these
geometric mean of x and y is
101. If a, b, c are in A.P. and a2, b2, c2 are in H.P., then
a) a  b  c 1 1
a) n   b) n 
2 2
c2
b) a 2  b 2  c) n = 1 d) n = – 1
2
c) a, b, c are in G.P. 108. G.M. and H.M. of two numbers are 10 and 8
respectively. The numbers are
a
d) , b, c are in G.P. a) 5, 20 b) 4, 25
2
c) 2, 50 d) 1, 100
102. If a1, a2, ...., an are positive real numbers whose
109. The value of 1 – 2 + 32 – 42 + .... + 112 is equal
2 2
product is a fixed number c, then the minimum
to
value of a1 + a2 + .... + an_1 + 2an is
a) 55 b) 66
1 1
a) n(2c) n b) (n  1)c n c) 77 d) 88
1 1
110. Let f(x) = x + 1/2. Then, the number of real values
c) 2nc n d) (n  1) (2c) n of x for which the three unequal terms f(x), f(2x),
f(4x) are in H.P. is
103. If arithmetic mean of two positive numbers is A,
their geometric mean is G and harmonic mean is a) 1 b) 0
H, then H is equal to c) 3 d) 2

G2 G 15.4 Arithmetico Geometric

a) b)
A A2 Progression (A.G.P.)

A2 A 111. 1 
3 5 7
c) d) 2    ......  is equal to
G2 G 2 2 2 23
104. The difference between two numbers is 48 and a) 3 b) 6
the difference between their arithmetic mean and c) 9 d) 12
their geometric mean is 18. Then, the greater of
112. The sum of infinite terms of the following series
two numbers is
4 7 10
a) 96 b) 60 1    ..... will be
c) 54 d) 49
5 52 53
105. If three real numbers a, b, c are in harmonic 3 35
progression, then which of the following is true? a) b)
16 8
1 1 35 35
a) , b, are in A.P. c) d)
a c 4 16
1 1 1 113. The sum to infinity of the series ,
b) , , are in H.P.
bc ca ab 2 6 10 14
c) ab, bc, ca are in H.P. 1     ...... is
3 32 33 34
a b c a) 2 b) 3
d) , , are in H.P.
b c a c) 4 d) 6

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Sequence and Series 249

3 3 3 3 3
1 120. The sum of 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ..... + 15 , is
114. If t n  (n  2) (n  3) for n = 1, 2, 3, ......, then
4 a) 22,000 b) 10,000
1 1 1 1 c) 14,400 d) 15,000
   .....   th
t1 t 2 t 3 t 2003 121. The n term of series

4006 4003 1 1 2 1 2  3
a) b)    ....... will be
3006 3007 1 2 3
4006 4006
c) d) n 1 n 1
3008 3009 a) b)
2 2
1 1 1 4
115. If   .......   , then the value of
14 2 4 34 90 n2 1 n2 1
c) d)
1 1 1 2 2
  .......  is
14 34 34 122. The sum of the series 1.32 + 2.52 + 3.72 + .....
4 4 upto 20 terms is
a) b) a) 188090 b) 189080
96 45
89 4 c) 199080 d) 188809
c)  d) None of these
90 123. Sum of the n terms of the series
15.5 Special series, Exponential series, 3 5 7
Logarithmic series  2  2  ........ is
1 1  2 1  22  32
2 2

116. The sum of the series 1 + (1+ 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) +

........ upto n terms, will be 2n 4n
a) b)
n 1 n 1
n(n  1) (2n  1)
a) n2 – 2n + 6 b)
6 6n 9n
c) d)
n(n  1)(n  2) n 1 n 1
c) n2 + 2n + 6 d)
6 124. 1 + 3 + 7 + 15 + 31 + ...... ton terms =
117. The sum 1(1!) + 2(2!) + 3(3!) + ....+ n(n!) equals a) 2n+1 – n b) 2n+1 – n – 2
a) 3(n!) + n – 3 b) (n + 1)! – (n – 1)!
c) 2n – n – 2 d) 2n – n
c) (n + 1)! – !! d) 2(n!) – 2n – l
125. 2 + 4 + 7 + 11 + 16 + ..... to n terms =
118. The sum of the series
3.6 + 4.7 + 5.8 + ..... upto (n – 2) terms 1 2 n 2
a) (n  3n  8) b) (n  3n  8)
a) n3 + n2 + n + 2 6 6
1 1 2 n 2
b) (2n3 + 12n2 + 10n – 84) c) (n  3n  8) d) (n  3n  8)
6 6 6
c) n3 + n2 + n
126. Sum of n terms of series
d) 2n3 + 12n2 + 10n
12 +16 + 24 + 40 +.....will be
119. The sum of the series
a) 2(2n – 1) + 8n
1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 + ...... to n terms is
a) n(n + l)(n + 2) b) 2(2n – 1) + 6n
b) (n + l)(n + 2)(n + 3) c) 3(2n – 1) + 8n
1 d) 4(2n – 1) + 8n
c) n(n + l)(n + 2)(n + 3)
4 127. 99th term of the series 2 + 7+ 14 + 23 + 34 + . ...is
1 a) 9998 b) 9999
D) (n + l)(n + 2)(n + 3)
4 c) 10000 d) 9988

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Sequence and Series 250

2
128. If the sum of first n terms of an A. P. is cn , then Evaluation Test
the sum of squares of these n terms is
1. If a1, a2, a3, ..., an are in A.P. with common
n(4n 2  1) c2 n(4n 2  1) c 2
a) b) difference 5 and if a i a j  1 for i, j = 1, 2, ....., n,
6 3
1  5  1  5 
n(4n 2  1) c2 n(4n 2  1) c 2 then tan    tan    ....
c)
3
d)
6  1  a1a 2   1  a 2a3 

n i j
 5 
129. 1 is equal to  tan 1  
i 1 j1 k 1  1  a n 1a n 
2 is equal to
n(n  1)(2n  1)  n(n  1) 
a) b)  
6  2   5  1  5a1 
a) tan 1   b) tan  
n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2)  1  a n a n 1   1  a n a1 
c) d)
2 6
 5n  5   5n  5 
130. The sum of the series c) tan 1   d) tan 1  
 1  a n a1   1  a1a n 1 
(1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 22) + (1 + 2 + 22 + 23) + .... upto
n terms is 2. Let a1, a2, a3, .... be in harmonic progression with
a) 2n+2 – n – 4 b) 2(2n – 1 ) – n ai = 5 and a20 = 25. The least positive integer n
for which an < 0 is
c) 2n+1 – n d) 2n+l – l
a) 22 b) 23
n
131. For any integer n  1 , the sum  k (k  2)
k 1
is c) 24 d) 25
3. If p, q, r are in A.P. and are positive, the roots of
equal to the quadratic equation px2 + qx + r = 0 are all
real for
n(n  1)(n  2) n(n  1) (2n  1)
a) b)
6 6 r p
a) 7  4 3 b) 7  4 3
p r
n(n  1)(2n  7) n(n  1)(2n  9)
c) d)
6 6 c) all p and r d) no p and r
132. The sum of the first n terms of 4. If a, b, c be respectively the pth, qth and rth terms

12 12  22 12  22  32 log a log b log c

   ...... is
1 1 2 1 2  3 of a G.P., then   p q r equals
1 1 1
n 2  2n 2n 2  n
a) b)
3 3 a) 1
b) 0
n(n  2) 2n 2  n
c) d) c) – 1
3 3 d) None of these
133. Sum of n terms of the following series 5. If x , x2, x3, as well as y1, y2, y3 are in G.P. with
1
13 + 33 + 53 + 73 + ...... is the same common ratio, then the points
a) n2 (2n2 – 1) b) n3 (n – 1) (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3)
c) n3 + 8n + 4 d) 2n4 + 3n2 a) lie on a straight line
b) lie on an ellipse
c) lie on a circle
d) are vertices of a triangle

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Sequence and Series 251

6. Let S , S2, .... be squares such that for each 8. Given that a, b, c are in A.P. The determinant
1
n  1, the length of a side of Sn equals the length
x 1 x2 xa
of a diagonal of Sn +1. If the length of a side of
S1 is 10 cm, then for which of the following values x2 x 3 xb
in its simpliest form is
of n is the area of Sn less than 1sq. cm? x 3 x4 xc
a) 7 b) 8 equal to
c) 5 d) 6 a) x3 + 3ax + 7c b) 0
c) 15 d) 10x2 + 5x + 2c
1
7. If the pth term of an A.P. be q and qth term be 1.3 1.3.5
9. The sum of the series 1    .....  is
6 6.8
1 a) 1 b) 0
th
p , then the sum of its (pq) terms will be c)  d) 4
10. A man arranges to pay off a debt of % 3600 by
pq  1 1  pq 40 annual installments which are in A.P. When
a) b) 30 of the installments are paid he dies leaving
2 2
one third of the debt unpaid. The value of the 8th
pq  1 pq  1 installment is
c) d) 
2 2 a) 735 b) 750
c) 765 d) None of these


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Sequence and Series 252

Answers to Evaluation Test

1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4.(B) 5. (A) 6. (B) 7. (C) 8.(B) 9. (D) 10.(C)

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 31

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