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Gas Laws and Van der Waals Calculations

1. This document provides sample problems and solutions for calculating gas properties using the ideal gas law and van der Waals equation of state. 2. Key terms like critical pressure, critical temperature, and critical volume are defined, and methods are demonstrated for estimating the critical constants of a gas given van der Waals parameters. 3. Calculations are shown for determining compression factors and identifying whether attractive or repulsive forces are dominant in gas samples under various temperature and pressure conditions.

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178 views1 page

Gas Laws and Van der Waals Calculations

1. This document provides sample problems and solutions for calculating gas properties using the ideal gas law and van der Waals equation of state. 2. Key terms like critical pressure, critical temperature, and critical volume are defined, and methods are demonstrated for estimating the critical constants of a gas given van der Waals parameters. 3. Calculations are shown for determining compression factors and identifying whether attractive or repulsive forces are dominant in gas samples under various temperature and pressure conditions.

Uploaded by

niyonasaul1
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHM 2104 Worksheet 2

1. Calculate the pressure exerted by 1.0 mol H2S behaving as (a) a perfect gas and (b) a van
der Waals gas when it is confined by the following conditions (i) 273.15 K in 22.414 L,
(ii) 500 K in 150 mL. [a= 4.484 atm L2 mol-2 and b = 4.34 x 10-2 Lmol-1]

Answers are summarised in table below

Perfect gas van der Waals gas


273 K and 22.4 L 1.00 atm 0.99 atm
500 K and 150 mL 273.5 atm 185.6 atm

2. In an industrial process, nitrogen is heated to 500 K at a constant volume of 1.000 m 3.


The gas enters the container at 300 K and 1 atm. The mass of the gas is 92.4 kg. Use the
van der Waals equation to determine the appropriate pressure of the gas at its working
temperature of 500 K. For nitrogen, a= 1.352 atm L2 mol-2 and b = 0.0387 Lmol-1.
Ans: p = 140 atm

3. Define the terms; critical pressure, critical temperature and critical volume

4. Estimate the critical constants of a gas with the following van der Waals parameters: a=
0.751 atm L2 mol-2 and b = 0.0226 Lmol-1
Ans: Vc = 0.0678 L/mol; Pc = 54.5 atm; Tc = 120 K

5. A gas at 250 K and 15 atm has a molar volume 12% smaller than that calculated from the
perfect gas law. Calculate (a) the compression factor under these conditions and (b) the
molar volume of the gas. Are attractive or repulsive forces dominating in the sample?
Ans: Z = 0.88; Vm = 1.20 L/mol

6. The density of water vapour at 327.6 atm and 776.4 K is 133.2 g dm-3. (a) Determine the
molar volume Vm of water and the compression factor Z, from these data. (b) Calculate Z
from the van der Waals equation given that a= 5.464 atm L2 mol-2 and b = 0.0305 Lmol-1.
Ans: Vm = 0.135 dm3/mol; Z = 0.696; Z = 0.658
Note: The difference between the two Z values is small (about 5%). This means that
although the pressure is high, the van der Waals equation is still fairly accurate.

7. Calculate the pressure of 0.112 L/mol of carbon dioxide gas at 350 K using (i) the perfect
gas law and (ii) the van der Waal’s equation, given that a = 3.610 atmL2 mol–2 and
b = 4.29 x 10 –2 L mol –1
Ans: p = 256.4 atm (perfect gas) p = 127.8 atm (van der Waals gas)

8. Use the answers in (7.) above to calculate the compression factor Z given that
Z = Vm/VOm, where VOm is the molar volume of a perfect gas. Deduce whether attractive
or repulsive forces are dominant in the sample of carbon dioxide above. How would you
expect Z to vary as pressure is increased?
Ans: Z = 0.498; Z would increase with increasing pressure

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