Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name COATING,PHOSPHATE (MN-FE)
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 74075
Identifier
(SURFACE,COATED)
1. Scope
This specification defines the requirements for a uniform coating of fine grained crystalline
manganese iron phosphate produced by a chemical treatment of ferrous based materials.
2. Applicable Documents
Applicable documents listed below may be obtained from the respective organizations listed in
CES 10054, Standards Organizations Addresses.
a. ASTM B 487, Standard Test Method for Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by
Microscopical Examination of a Cross Section
b. CES 10054, Standards Organizations Addresses
c. CES 10056, Glossary
d. ISO 3892 Conversion Coatings on Metallic Materials-Determination of Coating Mass per
Unit Area-Gravimetric Methods
3. Definitions
Terms used in this standard that have a general definition for usage in Cummins Engineering
Standards are defined in CES 10056, Glossary.
3.1. Coating Thickness
Thickness of the manganese phosphate coating as measured by metallurgical cross section under
magnification
3.2. Coating Weight
Coating weight is the mass of manganese phosphate coating as determined by gravimetric stripping
method
3.3. Manganese Iron Phosphate
Manganese iron phosphate is an insoluble crystalline coating which forms on a ferrous substrate
applied by a series of chemical baths. This coating can provide corrosion protection, wear
protection, and/or oil retention to the treated piece.
Current Release Number Std. Revision Level
152020-129 001 Page 1 of 10
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name COATING,PHOSPHATE (MN-FE)
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 74075
Identifier
(SURFACE,COATED)
3.4. Machining Voids
Machining voids are defined as voids caused by the machining process. These voids are negative
on the machined surface. The machining voids can be caused by the micro-structure of the
substrate material, and is most commonly seen in cast iron- type materials. The machining voids
originate in areas of large carbon inclusions. Please See pictures attached in Appendix A:
Acceptable/Unacceptable Coverage Conditions on page 5.
4. Specifications
4.1. Significance and Use
4.1.1. This specification defines the requirements for a uniform coating of fine grained
crystalline manganese iron phosphate produced by a chemical treatment of iron. Note: Stainless
steel alloys typically cannot be coated.
4.1.2. The coating provides oil retention and a protective surface to inhibit scuffing during
assembly and subsequent run-in of coated components. It can also be used where lubricity is
required (with or without the presence of oil) to provide resistance to wear, galling, or scoring. This
coating also provides short time resistance to corrosion.
4.2. Chemical Composition
Coating shall be manganese iron phosphate.
4.3. Acceptance Criteria
4.3.1. Phosphate Coating Coverage
The coating shall cover the entire substrate 100% when visually examined at magnifications of 500
times to 1000 times. Any visible voids in the coating are means for rejection. The coating should
be examined in at least five locations which have been previously agreed upon by supplier and
purchaser. See Appendix A: Acceptable/Unacceptable Coverage Conditions on page 5.
Current Release Number Std. Revision Level
152020-129 001 Page 2 of 10
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name COATING,PHOSPHATE (MN-FE)
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 74075
Identifier
(SURFACE,COATED)
4.3.2. Crystal Size
The phosphate crystal size in the longest visible dimension shall be 20 micrometers or less when
measured under Scanning Electron Microscope using image analysis measurement software. The
measurement method needs to have previously been calibrated by stage micrometer or other
appropriate method. At least ten measurements should be taken in an area or areas on the
production part test specimen which have been previously agreed upon by supplier and purchaser.
The supplier should include the Scanning Electron Microscope photograph with an overlay
measurement lines in the report. See Appendix A: Acceptable/Unacceptable Coverage Conditions
on page 5.
4.3.3. Thickness
The coating thickness range acceptance criteria shall be between 3.5 to 12.5 micrometers. Coating
thickness shall be measured under appropriate magnification using image analysis measurement
software or other measurement method in accordance with ASTM B 487. Measurement method
needs to have previously been calibrated by stage micrometer or other appropriate method. An
average of at least five coating thickness measurements should be taken in an area or areas on the
production part test specimen which has been previously agreed upon by supplier and purchaser.
4.3.4. Coating Weight
Coating weight can be measured on a production part or a standard steel or cast iron panel with a
known surface area. If coating weight is measured with a standard panel, the coating produced on
the panel should be initially examined simultaneously as a production part to correlate results. The
standard panel and production part should closely match in terms of elemental composition, and
surface finish as these factors affect the coating deposition rate. Note: The coating weight should
be measured on a part or standard panel sample which has not been through any type of oiling, or
sealing bath. Parts should be sampled which have come right out of the rinsing bath post
phosphating tank. The coating weight range shall be 9.1-14.0 grams per square meter (850-
1300 milligrams per square foot) when measured in accordance with ISO 3892. Note: Coating
weight is not a requirement of this specification but is a useful measurement in determining coating
quality and should be considered a recommendation.
4.3.5. Machining Voids
Machining voids will not be regarded as a coating defect. See Appendix A: Acceptable/
Unacceptable Coverage Conditions on page 5.
Current Release Number Std. Revision Level
152020-129 001 Page 3 of 10
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name COATING,PHOSPHATE (MN-FE)
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 74075
Identifier
(SURFACE,COATED)
4.4. Additional Requirements
4.4.1. Surface Finish
Coating shall meet the surface finish requirements of the applicable component.
4.4.2. Manganese iron phosphate crystal size, coating weight, coating thickness, and coating
uniformity will be initially evaluated during the establishment of process control parameters at the
producing plant. If the process control parameters are maintained the coating quality should be
assured on an on-going basis. Therefore, measurement of manganese iron phosphate crystal size,
coating weight, coating thickness are not batch control requirements; however, these features
should be verified by periodic audit at a frequency set by agreed upon control plan between
supplier and purchaser.
4.4.3. All coating process parameters listed below should be controlled and maintained. Note:
The list below is not comprehensive and other parameters may be added as needed to this list:
a. Component cleanliness
b. Temperature
c. Coating time
d. Manganese bath free acid
e. Total acid
f. Acid ratio
g. Iron content
h. Grain refiner concentration
i. Bath maintenance schedules shall be determined and maintained by the producing plant.
4.5. Reporting Requirements
Contents of final reporting of acceptance criteria should include but not limited to:
a. Date when part was sampled
b. Part number
c. Part noun name
d. Lot/batch number
e. Location where part was sampled
f. Coating coverage information and pictures
g. Coating thickness pictures and measurements
h. Coating crystal size pictures and measurements
Current Release Number Std. Revision Level
152020-129 001 Page 4 of 10
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name COATING,PHOSPHATE (MN-FE)
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 74075
Identifier
(SURFACE,COATED)
Appendix A: Acceptable/Unacceptable Coverage Conditions
Uniform Coating.
Small phosphate
crystals.
Coating Acceptable.
Figure A1: Example: Acceptable Coating
Current Release Number Std. Revision Level
152020-129 001 Page 5 of 10
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name COATING,PHOSPHATE (MN-FE)
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 74075
Identifier
(SURFACE,COATED)
Appendix A: Acceptable/Unacceptable Coverage Conditions (Continued)
Uniform Coating.
Small phosphate
crystals.
Coating
Acceptable.
Figure A2: Example: Acceptable Coating (Continued)
Current Release Number Std. Revision Level
152020-129 001 Page 6 of 10
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name COATING,PHOSPHATE (MN-FE)
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 74075
Identifier
(SURFACE,COATED)
Appendix A: Acceptable/Unacceptable Coverage Conditions (Continued)
Uniform Coating.
Small phosphate
crystals.
Coating Acceptable.
Figure A3: Example: Acceptable Coating (Continued)
Current Release Number Std. Revision Level
152020-129 001 Page 7 of 10
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name COATING,PHOSPHATE (MN-FE)
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 74075
Identifier
(SURFACE,COATED)
Appendix A: Acceptable/Unacceptable Coverage Conditions (Continued)
Machining Voids
Prior to coating.
Pictures taken at 20x
Magnification.
Machining Voids
After Coating.
Coating Acceptable.
Figure A4: Example: Coating
Current Release Number Std. Revision Level
152020-129 001 Page 8 of 10
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name COATING,PHOSPHATE (MN-FE)
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 74075
Identifier
(SURFACE,COATED)
Appendix A: Acceptable/Unacceptable Coverage Conditions (Continued)
Machining Voids
With Coating.
Coating Acceptable.
Chemistry of
Machining Voids
(Carbon Areas).
Figure A5: Example: Machining Voids Chemistry
Current Release Number Std. Revision Level
152020-129 001 Page 9 of 10
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name COATING,PHOSPHATE (MN-FE)
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 74075
Identifier
(SURFACE,COATED)
Appendix A: Acceptable/Unacceptable Coverage Conditions (Continued)
Machining Voids
Prior to coating at
100x magnification.
Voids controlled in
machining specification.
Machining Voids
prior to coating at
500x magnification.
Figure A6: Example: Machining Voids Examples
Current Release Number Std. Revision Level
152020-129 001 Page 10 of 10
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
