SYDNEY NESA Number:

BOYS Name:

HIGH Maths Class:

SCHOOL

YEAR 12
2022 TASK 4
TRIAL HSC

Mathematics Extension 1
General • Reading time – 10 minutes
Instructions • Working time – 2 hours
• Write using black pen
• NESA approved calculators may be used
• A reference sheet is provided with this paper
• Marks may NOT be awarded for messy or badly arranged work
• For questions in Section II, show ALL relevant mathematical
reasoning and/or calculations

Total Marks: 70 Section I – 10 marks (pages 2 – 5)

• Attempt Questions 1 – 10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Section II – 60 marks (pages 6 – 13)

• Attempt all Questions in Section II
• Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

Examiner: AMG
Section I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1–10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1–10

1 What is the sum of the zeroes of Q(x) = 4x 5 + 8x 3 − 2x 2 + 5x − 2 ?

A. –8

B. –2

C. 0

D. 2

2 ( )( )(
What are the values of x for which x + 3 x − 1 2 − x > 0 ? )
A. x < −3 or 1 < x < 2 B. x > −3 or 1 < x < 2

C. −3 < x < 1 or x > 2 D. −3 < x < 1

1
3 What is the domain of y = arcsin (1− 5x ) ?
2
π π 2
A. − ≤x≤ B. 0≤x≤
2 2 5

2
C. − ≤ x≤0 D. 0≤ x ≤π
5

–2–
 1
4 Which of the following expressions is a primitive of ?
x + 6x + 13
2

2x + 6 1
A. − B. ln ( x 2 + 6 x + 13)
(x )
2
2
+ 6x + 13 2x + 6

1 −1 ⎛ x + 3 ⎞ 1 −1 ⎛ x + 3 ⎞
C. tan ⎜ D. tan ⎜
2 ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 3 ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠

5 A particle is projected from the origin with initial velocity 60 m/s at an angle 30°
to the horizontal.
The acceleration vector is given by
æ 0 ö ⎛ x(t) ⎞
r (t ) = ç
!! ÷ , where r ( t ) = ⎜
" è -10 ø ⎝ y(t)⎟⎠
is the position vector.

What are the initial conditions?

A. x! = 30 3, x!! = −10, y! = 30 and !!
y=0

B. x! = 30, x!! = −10, y! = 30 3 and !!

y=0

C. x! = 30, x!! = 0, y! = 30 3 and !!y = −10

D. x! = 30 3, x!! = 0, y! = 30 and !!y = −10

6 A curve is defined parametrically by

x = 2sec q
y = 3 tan q

(
What is the gradient of the tangent to the curve at the point 2secθ , 3tan θ ? )
3 2
A. cosecθ B. cosecθ
2 3

3 2
C. sin θ D. sin θ
2 3

–3–
7 A bag contains 2 red, 5 blue, 6 white, 11 green and 14 yellow marbles.

What is the minimum number of marbles that need to be chosen randomly from the bag
to ensure that 6 marbles of the same colour have been chosen?

A. 16

B. 17

C. 23

D. 34

8 Six identical chairs are equally spaced around a circular table.

What is the number of ways that three men and three women can be seated at the table
so that no two men are opposite each other?

A. 12

B. 48

C. 72

D. 288

–4–
 SGS
SGS Trial 2014 ............................ Form
Trial 2014 Form VI
VI Mathematics Extension 22 .. ............ .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Mathematics Extension

99 The
The graph
graph of ()
f (xx ) isis drawn
of yy == QUESTION
fQUESTION drawn below.
below.
NINE
NINE
SGS Trial 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SGS Trial 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Form VI
Form VI Mathematics Extension 22 ............................ Page
Mathematics Extension Page 66
yy
yy !! ff ((xx))
QUESTION
QUESTION NINE NINE
yy 11
yy !! ff ((xx))
22

22 33 xx

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Which of
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the following isis
33 isis the
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graph yy =
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graph of
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Above isis the A.
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QUESTION
QUESTION TEN TEN
Let f(x) be
Let f(x) be anan even
even function
function where
where f(x)f(x) !=!= 0.0. Which
Which of of the
the following
following statements
statements is
is F
F
10 Which of
of the
the following
following isis thethe projection
projection of of the force FF == aaii ++bbjj,, where
the force where aa and
and bb are
!! aa !! aa
10
QUESTION
QUESTION Which
TEN
TEN are
(A)
(A) f(x)
f(x)dx dx == !! +
f(x)
f(x) !! f(−x)
+ !! dx
f(−x) dx
Let f(x) be
Let f(x) beanreal
anreal constants,
even function
constants,
even function in the
the direction
inwhere
where f(x) !=
direction
f(x) of
!= 0.ww
of0. −a
−a == ii ++ jj of
Which
Which ?of
? the
the following
following
00 statements
statements is is FALSE?
FALSE? 11
!!!! aa !! !
!! aa !! aa ! !! aa
(A) A. f(x)
(A)A. f(x)F!F!dx
dx = = f(x) +
f(x) +(B)
(B)
f(−x)
f(−x)dx f(x)
dxf(x)dx dx == f(x) −
f(x) − f(−x)
f(−x)dx dx
−a
−a aa++bb 00 −a
−a 00
!! aa !! aa !! aa !! 2a 2a
(B)
(B) f(x)
f(x)dx dx = = f(x) −
f(x) −(C)
f(−x)
f(−x)dx
(C) f(x)
dxf(x)dx dx == f(x −
f(x − a)a)dxdx
−a ææ aa+
−a +bb öö00 −a
!! aa ççaa22 ++bb22 ÷!÷!F!F!2a
00
B.
B. −a
èè øø 2a !! aa !! 2a 2a
(C)
(C) f(x) dx
f(x) dx = = f(x − (D)
a)
f(x −(D) dx f(x)
a) dx f(x) dx = dx = f(a −
f(a − x)x)dxdx
−a
−a 00 −a
−a 00
!! aa ææaa++bböö !! 2a
(D)
C.
C. çç dx ÷w
÷=
=
w 2a
! f(a −
(D) èè 2 øø !
f(x)
f(x) 2
dx f(a − x)
x)dx
dx End
End of
of Section
Section II
−a
−a 00

ææaa++bböö
D.
D. çç ÷÷ww End
End of
of Section
Section II
èè 22 øø !! Exam
Exam continues
continues next
next pa
p

–– 55 –– continues
Exam
Exam continues next page ......
next page
Section II
60 marks
Attempt Questions 11–14
Allow 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section
Answer each question in the appropriate writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.
In Questions 11–14, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or calculations.

Question 11 (14 marks) Use a SEPARATE Writing Booklet.

3 3π
(a) It is given that cosθ = for ≤ θ ≤ 2π .
5 2

24
(i) Show that sin 2θ = − . 2
25

117
(ii) By considering 3θ = θ + 2θ , show that cos3θ = − . 2
125

!!!"
(b) Vector AB has a magnitude of 2 3 and makes an angle of 150° with the positive y-axis, 2
measuring anticlockwise from the positive y-axis.
!!!"
Write a unit vector in the direction of AB in the form a i + b j , where a and b are constants
! !
written in simplest exact form.

(c) ( )
By considering the graphs of y = x − 2 and y = 3 x + 4 , or otherwise, 3
solve
x−2
≤ 3.
x+4

Question 11 continues on page 7

–6–
Question 11 (continued)

()
When a polynomial, p x , with rational coefficients is divided by ( x − α ) the
2
(d)
remainder is R ( x − α ) + R , where R , R Î !
2 1 1 2

i.e. p ( x ) = ( x − α ) Q ( x ) + R2 ( x − α ) + R1 ,
2

()
where Q x is a polynomial.

(i) ( )
Show that R1 = p α and R2 = p′ α . ( ) 2

( )
For n > 1, n Î ! , show that x n − n x − 1 − 1 is divisible by ( x − 1) .
2
(ii) 2

(iii) For n > 1, n Î ! , deduce that 24n − 15n − 1 is divisible by 225. 1

End of Question 11

–7–
Question 12 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE Writing Booklet.

(a) A liquid with an initial temperature of 250° C is enclosed in a metal container that is
kept at a constant temperature of 120° C.
The temperature of the liquid, T, after t hours satisfies the differential equation

dT
= k (T − 120 ) .
dt
It is known that the liquid cools to 180° C in half an hour.
(i) Show that T = 120 + Ae kt , where k, A ∈! is a solution of the above equation. 1

(ii) How long will it take for the liquid to reach 150°? 2
Write your answer to the nearest hour.

⌠ x+5
(b) By letting x + 5 = x + 6 – 1, or otherwise, find ⎮ dx . 2
⌡ x+6

(c) The diagram shows the graph of y = f (x) . The line y = – x is an asymptote.
On the sheet provided, sketch the graphs of the following, showing all relevant information.

(i) y = f (x) 2

(ii) y = f (x) + x 2

Question 12 continues on page 9

–8–
Question 12 (continued)

dy
(d) Consider the differential equation = ( 3− y ) cos x . 2
dx
Let y = f (x) be the particular solution to the differential equation with the
condition f (0) = 1 . The function f is defined for all real numbers.

A portion of the slope field of the differential equation is given below.

On the sheet provided, sketch the solution curve through the point (0, 1) .

1 ⌠
(e) (i) Show that y = f (x) dx is a solution of the differential equation 2
2x 2 ⎮
⌡
dy
2x 2 + 4xy = f (x)
dx

(ii) Hence, find an expression for y in terms of x that is a solution of 2

dy 1
2x 2 + 4xy = 2 for x > 0.
dx x +1

π
It is also given that y = when x = 1 .
4

End of Question 12

–9–
 Question 13 (16 marks) Use a SEPARATE Writing Booklet.

(a) A fireworks technician is testing fireworks for an upcoming display. 2

He has 20 fireworks, of which 13 are red and 7 are yellow.
He launches 8 of them in a random order.

What is the probability that 5 of the launched fireworks are red?

(b) Three coplanar forces of magnitude 100 N, 50 N and 50 N act at a point A, as shown 3
in the diagram below.

4
The angle α is such that cos α = . 3
5
1
50 N

A !
100 N
!

50 N

Find
Three the magnitude
coplanar forces of of the resultant
magnitudes 100of
N,the
50 three
N andforces andatstate
50 N act its direction.
a point A, as shown in the diagram.
4
The value of cos ! is 5 .

Find the magnitude of the resultant of the three forces and state its direction. [3]
(c) (i) Prove, by mathematical induction that 3
................................................................................................................................................................
sin 2nθ
cosθ + cos3θ + cos5θ + ...+ cos ( 2n − 1)θ =
2sin θ
................................................................................................................................................................
+
where sin θ ≠ 0 and n Î ! .
................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................
π
(ii) Using part (i) and the substitution θ = − x , or otherwise, show that
................................................................................................................................................................ 2
2
sin6x
sin x − sin3x + sin5x = .
................................................................................................................................................................
2cos x
................................................................................................................................................................

π
................................................................................................................................................................
2
⌠ 3 ⎛ sin x − sin3x + sin5x ⎞ π
(iii) Show that ⎮ ⎜ ⎟ dx = 3 − . 3
⌡0 ⎝ cos x + cos3x + cos5x ⎠ 3
................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

Question 13 continues on page 11

................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................
– 10 –
................................................................................................................................................................
Question 13 (continued)

(d) The diagram below shows the graph of y = ln x . 3

The shaded region, bounded by y = ln x , the line x = 4 and the x-axis,
is rotated 360° about the y-axis to form a solid.

Find the volume of the solid, leaving it in simplest exact form.

End of Question 13

– 11 –
Question 14 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE Writing Booklet.

(a) A golfer hits a golf ball from a point O with speed V m/s at an angle of 30° above the 4
horizontal and moves freely under gravity.
The ball reaches its greatest height at time T seconds after projection.

The position vector, r , at any time, t seconds, is given by

!
æ 23 Vt ö
r (t ) = ç ÷ (Do NOT prove)
! ç 1 Vt - 5t 2 ÷
è2 ø

2
Find, in terms of V, the speed of the ball at time T seconds after projection.
3

Question 14 continues on page 13

– 12 –
Question 14 (continued)

(b) Let L be the straight line passing through the point P x0 , y0 with an angle of ( )
inclination θ to the x-axis.

The line L is defined parametrically by

Question 10 (12 marks) Use a SEPARATE t cosθbooklet
x = x +writing 0
Marks

Let L be the straight line passing through yP = withθ angle of inclination θ to the x-axis.
( −1,y0−+13 )t sin
where t ∈! and θthat
It is known 0, πcoordinates
∈ ⎡⎣the ⎤⎦ . of any point Q on L are in the form ( −1 + r cos θ , − 13 + r sin θ ) ,
where r is a real number.
(i) Show that for any point T on the line L that PT = t . 2
(a) Show that PQ = r . 2

In the diagram below, L cuts the parabola y 2= 3x + 2 at points A and B,

2
(ii)
(b)In the figure below, L cuts the parabola y = 3x + 2 at point A and B.
⎛ = r . 1⎞
where Let
P isPAthe= rpoint
1 and PB−1, 2−
⎜⎝ . Let PA = t and PB = t .
3 ⎟⎠ 1 2

y = 3x 2 + 2

θ
O x
P ( −1, − 13 )

(α) Show that

(i) By t1 and tthe
considering are the roots of the equation
2 fact that the points A and B lie both on the line L and the 2 2
parabola y = 3x + 2 , show that r1 and r2 are the roots of the equation
2

9t 2 cos 2 θ − 3t2 ( sin θ + 6cosθ ) + 16 = 0 .

9 r cos2 θ − 3r ( sin θ + 6cos θ ) + 16 = 0

sin 2 θsin
+ θ12sin θθcossinθ θ−+28cos 2
θ
(β) Hence
(ii) show
Using that
b (i), that =AB 2 =
showAB
(2
− 2 cos )( 14 cos θ ). 3 3
9cos 4
θ
9 cos θ
4

(iii) Let L be a tangent to the parabola y = 3x 2 + 2 from P, with point of contact R. 2

(γ) If L is a tangent
1
show that the two possible gradients of L are 2 and –14. 2
Using the above results, find the two possible slopes of L1 .

(iv) Show that PR = 4 5

when one of the slopes of L1 has a value of 2. 4 5 3
Hence, if one of the tangents has a gradient of 2, show that PZ =
3
(δ) , 2
End of paper
3
where Z is the point of tangency of the line L to the parabola.

End of paper
12

– 13 –
SBHS 2022 Y12 ME 1 THSC NESA Student Number:_____________________

Question 12 (c) Place inside booklet for Q12 at the end of exam
The diagrams shows the graph of y  f (x) . The line y = – x is an asymptote.
The graph of y = x has been drawn as an aide.
Sketch the graphs of the following, showing all relevant information.

(i) y  f (x) 2

(ii) y  f (x)  x 2

Turn Over
Question 12 (d) Place inside booklet for Q12 at the end of exam
dy
Consider the differential equation   3 y  cos x . 2
dx
Let y  f (x) be the particular solution to the differential equation with the condition f (0)  1.
The function f is defined for all real numbers.

A portion of the slope field of the differential equation is given below.

Sketch the solution curve through the point (0, 1) .

 SYDNEY
BOYS
HIGH
SCHOOL

YEAR 12

2022 TASK 4
TRIAL HSC

Mathematics Extension 1
Sample Solutions
NOTE: Some of you may be disappointed with your mark.

This process of checking your mark is NOT the opportunity

to improve your marks.
Improvement will come through further revision and practice,
as well as reading the solutions and comments.

Before putting in an appeal re marking, first consider that the mark

is not linked to the amount of writing you have done.

Just because you have shown ‘working’ does not justify that your solution is
worth any marks.

MC Answers

1 C 6 A
2 A 7 C
3 B 8 B
4 C 9 D
5 D 10 C
Section I Multiple Choice

1 C Sum of zeroes =

2 A x < −3 or 1 < x < 2

2
3 B 0≤x≤
5
Note: Options A and D are out.
Need (Note this is the same as )

1 −1 ⎛ x + 3 ⎞
4 C tan ⎜
2 ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
Note: Options A and B are out.
As the answer is C

5 D y = −10
x! = 30 3, x!! = 0, y! = 30 and !!
Note: Options A and B are out when you consider .

The initial velocity vector is

 3
6 A cosecθ
2
Note: Options B and D are out when you consider the ratio i.e. .

7 C 23
To get 5 marbles of the same colour will require 2 R, 5 B, 5 W, 5 G and 5 Y i.e. 22 balls
To ensure 6 marbles of one colour is 22 + 1 = 23 marbles

8 B 48 ways
Sit a man down first.
Then there are only 4 seats the second man can sit in, to avoid being opposite the first man.
So, the last man has only 2 choices.
The women can be sat down in 3! ways.
A total of ways.

9 D This is the ‘best’ graph as it is the only one with symmetry in both coordinate axes.
10 C

Note: Options A and B are out as they are in the direction of F.

 2022 HSC ME1 Task 4: Q11 Solutions and Comments
Answers in pencil or with white out/liquid paper CAN’T appeal for marks.
A. It is given that cos   3 for 3    2 .
5 2
24
I. Show that sin 2  . 2
25

Solution Comment(s)
3 Students who found sin 2𝜃 by calculating 𝜃 = 53°
   2 , so sin 𝜃 < 0 in the fourth quadrant.
2 couldn’t score any marks, even if their 𝜃 value was
stored in memory, as calculator values are always
approximations.

Students who assumed that 2𝜃 is in the fourth

quadrant because 𝜃 is in the fourth quadrant risked
being penalised for the assumption.

4
By Pythag and right angle trig, sin   .
5

∴ sin 2𝜃 = 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

−4 3
=2× ×
5 5
−24
=
25

117
II. By considering 3𝜃 = 𝜃 + 2𝜃, show that cos 3  . 2
125

Solution Comment(s)
cos 3𝜃 = cos(𝜃 + 2𝜃) Some students were penalised for failing to explicitly
= cos 𝜃 cos 2𝜃 − sin 𝜃 sin 2𝜃 7
show why cos   .
= cos 𝜃 (cos2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃) − sin 𝜃 sin 2𝜃 25
3 3 2 −4 2 −4 −24
= (( ) − ( ) ) − ( × )
5 5 5 5 25
−117
=
125
 2022 HSC ME1 Task 4: Q11 Solutions and Comments
Answers in pencil or with white out/liquid paper CAN’T appeal for marks.
B. Vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 has a magnitude of 2√3 and makes an angle of 150° with the positive 𝑦 axis, 2
measuring anticlockwise from the positive 𝑦 axis.

𝐴𝐵 in the form ai  bj ,
Write a unit vector in the direction of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are constants written in simplest exact form.
Solution Comment(s)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
Let 𝑢̂ be the unit vector of 𝐴𝐵 Many students failed to read the question carefully, as
indicated by the following common errors:
Then, 𝑢̂ points in the same direction as ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 and has a  Finding the vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 rather than a unit
magnitude of 1 unit. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
vector of 𝐴𝐵
 Using the positive 𝑥 axis rather than the
positive 𝑦 axis as a reference for the angle.

150° anticlockwise from the positive 𝑦 axis is

150° − 90° = 60° in the third quadrant, where
cos 𝜃 < 0 and sin 𝜃 < 0.

Hence, by right angle trig:

𝑢̂ = (− cos 60°)𝑖̂ + (− sin 60°)𝑗̂
−1 √3
= 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂
2 2
 2022 HSC ME1 Task 4: Q11 Solutions and Comments
Answers in pencil or with white out/liquid paper CAN’T appeal for marks.
C. By considering the graphs of 𝑦 = |𝑥 − 2| and 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 + 4), or otherwise, 3
x2
solve  3.
x4
Solution Comment(s)
The graphs of 𝑦 = |𝑥 − 2| and 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 + 4) are Alternatively, from the graph, the critical points to
shown below: 5
examine are x  4, , 2 .
2

Hence, substituting 𝑥 = 3 will show that the

inequality holds true for 𝑥 ≥ 2.

Similarly, the inequality:

5
 Holds true for  x  2.
2
5
 Doesn’t hold true for 4  x  .
2
 Holds true for 𝑥 < −4

5
Hence, the solution is 𝑥 < −4 or x  , as before.
2

Common error(s):
 Failing to address the case of 𝑥 < −4.
If 𝑥 < −4, then |𝑥 − 2| > 0 and 3(𝑥 + 4) < 0.
A positive expression divided by a negative
expression will always give a negative expression,
which is clearly always less than or equal to 3.
Hence, 𝑥 < −4 is a solution.

If 𝑥 > −4, then |𝑥 − 2| > 0 and 3(𝑥 + 4) > 0.

x2
Hence, if  3 , then |𝑥 − 2| ≤ 3(𝑥 + 4),
x4
which occurs at 𝑃.

Solving for the 𝑥 coordinate of 𝑃:

−(𝑥 − 2) = 3(𝑥 + 4)
−𝑥 + 2 = 3𝑥 + 12
4𝑥 = −10
−5
𝑥=
2

x2
Hence,  3 when 𝑥 < −4 or x  5 .
x4 2
 2022 HSC ME1 Task 4: Q11 Solutions and Comments
Answers in pencil or with white out/liquid paper CAN’T appeal for marks.
D. When a polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) with rational coefficients is divided by (𝑥 − 𝛼)2 ,
the remainder is 𝑅2 (𝑥 − 𝛼) + 𝑅1 , where 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 ∈ ℝ,
i.e. 𝑝(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝛼)2 𝑄(𝑥) + 𝑅2 (𝑥 − 𝛼) + 𝑅1 ,
where 𝑄(𝑥) is a polynomial.
I. Show that 𝑅1 = 𝑝(𝛼) and 𝑅2 = 𝑝′ (𝛼). 2
Solution Comment(s)
Subbing in 𝑥 = 𝛼 into 𝑝(𝑥): Common error(s):
𝑝(𝛼) = (𝛼 − 𝛼)2 𝑄(𝛼) + 𝑅2 (𝛼 − 𝛼) + 𝑅1  Incorrectly differentiating 𝑝(𝑥).
= 𝑅1

Differentiating 𝑝(𝑥) wrt 𝑥 using the product rule:

𝑝′ (𝑥) = 2(𝑥 − 𝛼)𝑄(𝑥) + (𝑥 − 𝛼)2 𝑄 ′ (𝑥) + 𝑅2

Subbing in 𝑥 = 𝛼 into 𝑝′ (𝑥):

𝑝′ (𝛼) = 2(𝛼 − 𝛼)𝑄(𝛼) + (𝛼 − 𝛼)2 𝑄 ′ (𝛼) + 𝑅2
= 𝑅2

II. For 𝑛 > 1, 𝑛 ∈ ℤ, show that 𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑛(𝑥 − 1) − 1 is divisible by (𝑥 − 1)2 . 2

Solution Comment(s)
Let 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑛(𝑥 − 1) − 1. Students would be wise to not consider induction as a
viable alternative, as the process is long, inefficient
As 𝑝(𝑥) has rational coefficients, from Part I, 𝑝(𝑥) and prone to mistakes.
divided by (𝑥 − 1)2 will have a remainder
𝑅2 (𝑥 − 1) + 𝑅1 , where 𝑅1 = 𝑝(1) and 𝑅2 = 𝑝′ (1). Students who assumed that the divisibility holds true
for 𝑛 > 1 because they showed that it holds true for
𝑝(1) = 1𝑛 − 𝑛(1 − 1) − 1 𝑛 = 2 couldn’t score any marks, as they’ve failed to
=0 understand the process of proof by induction.
′ (𝑥)
𝑝 = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 − 𝑛
= 𝑛(𝑥 𝑛−1 − 1)
𝑝′ (1) = 𝑛(1𝑛−1 − 1)
=0
𝑅2 (𝑥 − 1) + 𝑅1 = 0(𝑥 − 1) + 0
=0

Hence, 𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑛(𝑥 − 1) − 1 is divisible by (𝑥 − 1)2 .

III. For 𝑛 > 1, 𝑛 ∈ ℤ, deduce that 24𝑛 − 15𝑛 − 1 is divisible by 225. 1

Solution Comment(s)
24𝑛 − 15𝑛 − 1 = (24 )𝑛 − 15𝑛 − 1 Again, students shouldn’t consider induction as an
= 16𝑛 − 𝑛(16 − 1) − 1 alternative, especially given Part II above.

From Part II, 24𝑛 − 15𝑛 − 1 is divisible by Also, students who proved the divisibility to be true
(16 − 1)2 = 225. for 𝑛 = 2 couldn’t score any marks, as before.
Q12 (a)

dT
= k(T − 120)
dt

(i) T = 120 + Aekt (1)

Show that (1) is a solution
dT
= kAekt
dt
but Aekt = T − 120 (from (1))
dT
⇒ = k(T − 120) ∴ (1) is a solution
dt
[1 mark] Students used integration as well to show this was a solution.

(ii) T = 120 + Aekt Find t when T = 150

When t = 0, T = 250 6

0
⇒ 150 = 120 + 130e(2 ln 13 t)
⇒ 250 = 120 + Ae 3 6
∴ A = 130 ln = 2 ln t
13 13
⇒ T = 120 + 130ekt 3 6
t = ln ÷ 2 ln
13 13
When t = 0.5, T = 180 t ≈ 0.948 h
⇒ 180 = 120 + 130e0.5k t≈1h

60 = 130e0.5k
6
= 130e0.5k
13
6
ln = 0.5k
13
6
⇒ k = 2 ln (≈ −1.546)
13
6
⇒ T = 120 + 130e(2 ln 13 t)

[2 marks] This question was also done very well by students

Q12 (b)
Z
x+5
√ dx
x+6
x+6−1
Z
= √ dx
x+6
√
Z
x + 6 − (x + 6)− /2 dx
1
=
2 3 1
= (x + 6) 2 − 2(x + 6) 2 + C
3
2 3 √
= (x + 6) 2 − 2 x + 6 + C
3
[2 marks] Most students did this well. Some used a ’u’ substitution successfully too. Some errors
resulted from using index rules incorrectly.
 ain error was in not dis arding
the se tion o the urve below the
a is as the irst ste .

any students on used the y

line with the y line on the le t
hand side.
 any students rossed
the hannel and lost a
mar .
Q12 (e) (i)
Z
1
y = 2 f (x) dx (2)
2x
Z
2
⇒ 2x y = f (x) dx

Differentiate both sides w.r.t. x

dy
⇒ 2x2 + 4xy = f (x)
dx
∴ (2) is a solution

[2 marks] One error was in starting with this last line and then trying to integrate terms which
contained products

(ii)
Z
1 1
y= 2 2
dx
2x x +1
1
= 2 (tan−1 x + C)
2x

π
When x = 1, y =
4
π 1
tan−1 1 + C


⇒ =
4 2
π π
= +C
2 4
π
C=
4

1  −1 π
⇒y= tan x +
2x2 4
[2 marks] Only about a third of students who recognised the inverse tan function proceeded correctly
from there. The main error was in not having the constant of integration in brackets. This resulted
in an incorrect value of C.
Q13 (a)
20! 13!
Sample space size = 20C 8 = Ways to get 5 red = 13C 5 =
8! × 12! 5! × 8!
7!
Ways to get 3 yellow = 7C 3 =
3! × 4!
13
C 5 × 7C 3 13! × 7! × 8! × 12! 231
So P = 20 = =
C8 20! × 5! × 8! × 3! × 4! 646

Notes:
1. It’s not primary school, so don’t express probability as a percentage
2. Note that there is no replacement so don’t use a binary distribution in which the probabilities
at each stage are constant

Q13 (b)

Vertical force component = 50N (sin α + sin(−α)) = 0N

8
Horizontal force component = 50N (cos α + cos(−α)) − 100N = 5 × 50N − 100N = −20N

∴ The resultant force is 20N to the left.

Notes:
1. Take a common sense guess first to see if your answer matches it
2. No need to use compass directions
3. The trig result is given, so no need to calculate it
4. Mostly done well.

Q13 (c) (i)

For n = 1: (2n − 1 = 1)
sin 2θ 2 sin θ cos θ
RHS = = = cos θ = LHS.
2 sin θ 2 sin θ
So true for n = 1.
k
X sin 2kθ
Suppose it is true for n = k i.e. (cos(2i − 1)θ) =
2 sin θ
i−1

For n = k + 1:
k+1
X sin 2kθ
(cos(2i − 1)θ) = + cos((2k + 1)θ) (from assumption)
2 sin θ
i=1
sin 2kθ 2 sin θ cos(2kθ + θ)
= +
2 sin θ 2 sin θ
sin 2kθ − sin 2kθ + sin(2kθ + 2θ) 1
= (since sin A cos B = (sin(A + B) − sin(A − B)))
2 sin θ 2
sin 2(k + 1)θ
=
2 sin θ
∴ true for n = k + 1 and for all n by principle of mathematical induction

Note: Don’t forget the trig formula used here. There are other ways though, but slighter longer.
 æp ö
(c) (ii) sin x = cos ç - x ÷
è2 ø
cos ( x ± 2p ) = cos x and sin ( x ± 2p ) = sin x
æp ö é æp öù é æp öù
sin x - sin 3 x + sin 5 x = sin ç - q ÷ - sin ê3 ç - q ÷ ú + sin ê5 ç - q ÷ ú
è2 ø ë è2 øû ë è2 øû

ép ù ép ù
= cos q - sin ê - ( 3q - p ) ú + sin ê - ( 5q - 2p ) ú
ë2 û ë2 û

= cos q - cos ( 3q - p ) + cos ( 5q - 2p )

écos q is even;ù
= cos q - cos (p - 3q ) + cos ( 5q ) ê period of 2p ú
ë û

= cos q + cos ( 3q ) + cos ( 5q )

sin 6q
= [ From (i)]
2sin q

sin 6 ( p2 - x )
=
2sin ( p2 - x )

sin ( 3p - 6 x )
=
2 cos x

sin (p + 2p - 6 x )
=
2 cos x

- sin ( 2p - 6 x ) - sin ( -6 x )
= = [sin q period 2p ]
2 cos x 2 cos x

sin ( 6 x )
= [sin q is odd ]
2 cos x
 �tH!shOn �
{cl) tj � Ir. X
-;v. = e
'1
x-=e y I" q. .....,

V {t1·-c�17c½
.,.--,___---::c::,w-

�7T 1/'

.,._
Ii
= 1\/6tj- �
fr:
] ln4-

::: 1f (lb /r14- -fi:J-6 + t)

1
= !£1i In 4 - �1r+{ir
'2.
:: lb tr In 4- - !2lI
'2

i) I<: (!_ip i/4 tfex�+ f0f1"1 .

�

,;i
2) l<e/llllmher -/-o 9ubf(l,{e:I- IJ,e 3ap.
Question 14 (15 Marks) Solutions
(a) A golfer hits a golf ball from a point O with speed V m/s at an angle of 30° above the 4
horizontal and moves freely under gravity.
The ball reaches its greatest height at time T seconds after projection.

The position vector, r , at any time, t seconds, is given by

!
æ 23 Vt ö
r (t ) = ç ÷ (Do NOT prove)
! ç 1 Vt - 5t 2 ÷
è2 ø

2
Find, in terms of V, the speed of the ball at time T seconds after projection.
3

The ball reaches its greatest height when t = T and i.e.

So at :

The speed is where

Comments
Read the text carefully – do NOT prove/derive formulae given to you.

There was confusion as to speed. Some gave the velocity vector and some gave the vertical component of
speed at .
Some students were unable to do basic fractions – so please use your calculator.
Question 14 Solutions (continued)
(b) ( )
Let L be the straight line passing through the point P x0 , y0 with an angle of
inclination θ to the x-axis.

The line L is defined parametrically by

x = x0 + t cosθ
y = y0 + t sin θ
where and θ ∈ ⎡⎣0, π ⎤⎦ .

(i) Show that for any point T on the line L that PT = t . 2

( x - x0 ) + ( y - y0 )
2 2
PT =

= t 2 ( cos 2 q + sin 2 q )

= t2
= t

Comment:

Students had to define PT to get full marks.

Too many students are not putting a subject to their algebraic statements. They are relying on the marker
to decode this. This might be an eye opener to some, but the marker does not have to try and work out
your logic. It should be obvious from what you write.

Some students used . This was not appropriate and penalised.

This part of the question shows what the ‘usefulness’ of the parameter t.
It not only defines the point but it is the ‘distance’ of the point on the line from P.
 Question 10 (12 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet Marks

Let L be the straight line passing through P ( −1, − 13 ) with angle of inclination θ to the x-axis.
It is known that the coordinates of any point Q on L are in the form ( −1 + r cos θ , − + r sin θ ) ,
Question where
14 r is a real number. Solutions (continued)
1
3

(a) Show that PQ = r . 2

(b) (ii) In the diagram below, L cuts the parabola y 2= 3x 2 + 2 at points A and B,
(b) In the figure below, L cuts the parabola y = 3x + 2 at point A and B.
⎛ = r . 1⎞
P isPA
where Let the= rpoint
1 and PB−1,
⎜⎝ 2− . Let and .
3 ⎟⎠
y

y = 3x 2 + 2

θ
O x
P ( −1, − 13 )

(α) Show that

(i) By t1 and tthe
considering are the roots of the equation
2 fact that the points A and B lie both on the line L and the 2 2
parabola y = 3x + 2 , show that r1 and r2 are the roots of the equation
2

9t 2 cos 2 θ − 3t2 ( sin θ + 6cosθ ) + 16 = 0 .

9 r cos2 θ − 3r ( sin θ + 6cos θ ) + 16 = 0

Intersecting
(ii) line
Using b (i), L with
show that AB
( sin θ − 2 cos
the2 =parabola θ )( sin θ + 14 costo
parametrically θ )get
. points A and B: 3
9 cos4 θ

( )
2
(iii) y +y t=sin
Let L1 be a tangent to the parabola 3x 2q+ =
0
23 x P,+ with
from q of
t cospoint
0 + 2contact R. 2
Using the above results, find the two possible slopes of L1 .
1
(iv) Show that PR = 4 5 x = -1, y = -
when one of0the slopes0of L1 3
has a value of 2. 3
3

The roots are t = t1 , t2 i.e. theEnd

parameter
of paper
for points A and B.
Note:

1
\- + t sin q = 3 ( -1 + t cos q ) + 212
2

\-1 + 3t sin q = 9 (1 - 2t cos q + t 2 cos 2 q ) + 6

\ 9 - 18t cos q + 9t 2 cos 2 q + 6 + 1 - 3t sin q = 0

\ 9t 2 cos 2 q - 3t ( sin q + 6 cos q ) + 16 = 0

Comment:
Deliberately or mistakenly, students assumed the result and hence they had a circular argument.
Question 14 Solutions (continued)

sin 2 θ + 12sin θ cosθ − 28cos 2 θ

(b) (ii) (β) Hence show that AB 2 = 3
9cos 4 θ

AB 2 = ( PB - PA )
2

= ( t2 - t1 )
2

= ( t12 + t22 ) - 2t1t2

= ( t1 + t2 ) - 4t1t2
2

3 ( sin q + 6cos q ) sin q + 6cos q

t1 + t2 = =
9cos 2 q 3cos 2 q

16
t1t2 =
9cos 2 q
2
æ sin q + 6 cos q ö 16
AB = ç
2
÷ - 4´
è 3cos q 9 cos 2 q
2
ø

sin 2 q + 12sin q cos q + 36 cos 2 q - 64 cos 2 q

=
9 cos 4 q

sin 2 q + 12sin q cos q - 28cos 2 q

=
9 cos 4 q

Comment:

Not many students did it this way.

Many just used the quadratic formula i.e. .

Note: AB is a length i.e.

Question 14 Solutions (continued)

(b) (ii) (γ) If L is a tangent show that the two possible gradients of L are 2 and –14. 2

y - y0 t sin q
The gradient of this line is m = = = tan q
x - x0 t cos q

L is a tangent then A and B are the same point and so AB 2 = 0 .

AB 2 = 0 Û sin 2 q + 12sin q cos q - 28cos 2 q = 0

sin 2 q + 12sin q cos q - 28cos2 q = ( sin q - 2cosq )( sin q + 14cosq )

AB 2 = 0 Û sin q = 2 cos q or sin q = -14 cos q

\ tan q = 2 or - 14

So for L to be a tangent, the gradient must be 2 or –14.

Comment:

It was surprising to see that many students did not see the connection with (b) (ii) i.e. .

Students who wanted to use the approach of substitution i.e. had to show that
they (both) were solutions and not just saying they were.
Many found difficulties with and saying “similarly” did not work here.

An alternative solution to was to divide both sides by and get

.

Many students just assumed (in this case rightly) that was the gradient of L. There were not enough
marks in the question to ensure students established this.

Note: means that . If then line L is not a tangent. Hence, .

Question 14 Solutions (continued)

4 5
(b) (ii) (δ) Hence, if one of the tangents has a gradient of 2, show that PZ = , 2
3
where Z is the point of tangency of the line L to the parabola.

2 1
m = 2 = tan q Þ sin q = , cos q =
5 5

Using the product of the roots with

16 16 16
tZ tZ = Þ tZ2 = = ´5
9cos q
2
9cos q 9
2

Alternative solution

Comment:

This question was done well, but if the question had said “By using (b) (ii) (β), …” many students would
not have fared so well. This was the intent of the question i.e. using sums and products of roots.

End of solutions