Scribd
Upload
3K views9 pages

Week 3 - Structure Skill 4-5

The document provides information about proper use of present and past participles in TOEFL structure questions. It discusses how present and past participles can be either verbs or adjectives depending on whether they are accompanied by forms of "be" or "have". It then provides examples of questions where recognizing the difference between participles and main verbs is important to choosing the correct answer. Several exercises are included to reinforce understanding of when participles function as verbs versus adjectives.

Uploaded by

Adinda Bintang Salsabila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3K views9 pages

Week 3 - Structure Skill 4-5

The document provides information about proper use of present and past participles in TOEFL structure questions. It discusses how present and past participles can be either verbs or adjectives depending on whether they are accompanied by forms of "be" or "have". It then provides examples of questions where recognizing the difference between participles and main verbs is important to choosing the correct answer. Several exercises are included to reinforce understanding of when participles function as verbs versus adjectives.

Uploaded by

Adinda Bintang Salsabila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Name: Adinda Bintang Salsabila

Student Number: 22011001

Departement: Psikologi & Kesehatan

SKILL 4: BE CAREFULL OF PRESENT PARTICIPLES

A present participle is the -ing form of the verb such as walking, writing, etc. In structure part in
the TOEFL test, a present participle can cause confusion since it can be either a part of verb or
an adjective. It is part of the verb when it is preceded by some form of the verb be. For
example:

The man is walking with his friend.


VERB

In this example, the word walking is part of the verb because it is accompanied by be (is).
Meanwhile, a present participle is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of the
verb be. For example:

The man walking with his friend has a beard.


ADJ

In that example, walking is an adjective and not part of the verb since it not accompanied by
some form of the verb be. So, the verb in that sentence is has.

The following example shows how a present participle appears in structured questions on the
TOEFL test.

Example:
The child . playing in the yard is my son.
A. now
B. is
C. he
D. was

In this example, the first word (The child) is the subject of the sentence. If you think that playing
is part of the verb, the answer might be (B). is or (D). was to complete this sentence. However,
these two answers are incorrect because playing is not part of the verb. You should recognize
that playing is a participial adjective rather than a verb because there is another verb in the
sentence. The verb in this sentence is the word is, located after the word yard. In this sentence
there is a complete subject (child) and a complete verb (is), so this sentence does not need
another subject or verb. The best answer here is (A).

Exercise Skill 4:

1. .you do not like shrimp, I have made some salad too.


A. Having known
B. Knowing
C. Is knowing
D. Known
2. The candidate . the most votes win the election
A. Got
B. Is getting
C. Getting
D. Was getting
3. .her work, I am sure she is a good employee.
A. Saw
B. Seeing
C. Having seen
D. See
4. .you have not got much time, it might be better to discuss this tomorrow.
A. Having seen
B. Seeing
C. Saw
D. See
5. Who is the girl over there .to Robert?
A. Talk
B. Talked
C. Talking
D. Having talked
6. If I feel stressed, I find taking a bath is often relax.
A adj C D
7. He is sitting in a large chair read his newest article on the newspaper.
verb B C verb
8. He accidently kicked a table, having sent plates and glasses crashing to the floor.
A verb C D
9. Several old bikes, abandoning by their owners, lay rusting in the basement.
adj B adj D
10. The room was crowded with the passenger wave farewell to their family and friends.
verb B C D

SKILL 5: BE CAREFULL OF PAST PARTICIPLES

Past participles can cause confusion in structure questions on the TOEFL test because a past
participle can be either an adjective or a part of a verb. The past participle is the form of the
verb that appears with have or be. It often ends in -ed, but there are also many irregular past
participles in English. For example:

The family has closed their shop.


VERB

The poem was written by Emma.


VERB
In the first sentence the past participle closed is part of the verb because it is accompanied by
has. In the second sentence the past participle written is part of the verb because it is
accompanied by was.

A past participle is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of be or have. For
example:

The shop closed yesterday was the old one.


ADJ

The poem written by Emma appeared in the magazine.


ADJ

In the first sentence closed is an adjective rather than a verb because it is not accompanied by a
form of be or have (and there is a verb, was, later in the sentence). In the second sentence
written is an adjective rather than a verb because it is not accompanied by a form of be or have
(and there is a verb, appeared, later in the sentence).

The following example shows how a past participle can be confused with the verb in structure
questions on the TOEFL test.

Example:
The packages . mailed at the post office will arrive Monday.
A. have
B. were
C. them
D. just

In this example, if you look only at the first few words of the sentence, it appears that packages
is the subject and mailed is either a complete verb or a past participle that needs a helping verb.
But if you look further in the sentence, you will see that the verb is will arrive. You will then
recognize that mailed is a participial adjective and is therefore not part of the verb. Answers (A)
and (B) are incorrect because mailed is an adjective and does not need a helping verb such as
have or were. Answer (C) is incorrect because there is no need for the object them. Answer (D)
is the best answer to this question.

Exercise Skill 5:

1. He has been fishing for five hours but he has not .a fish yet.
A. Was caught
B. Catch
C. Caught
D. Been caught
2. How much work have you .today?
A. Do
B. Does
C. Did
D. Done
3. Who has .all the food?
A. Eaten
B. Eating
C. Ate
D. Eat
4. I have .Tony since I was at school.
A. Knew
B. Know
C. Been known
D. Known
5. I had .to the manager. He will call you later.
A. Speak
B. Spoken
C. Spoke
D. Been spoken
6. This was the first time she had do her homework.
verb adj verb verb
7. They has started the game before the sun set because of some reasons.
verb adj adj verb
8. He was so happy because he has never drove a motorbike before.
verb verb
By the time we arrived, I realized that the children had ate all the chocolate.
verb B verb verb
9. She had bring a cake to the party but we did not know.
adj verb C verb

EXERCISE SKILL 4 AND 5

1. A computerized map of the freeways using information gathered by sensors embedded


in the pavement .on a local cable channel during rush hours.
A. Airs
B. Airing
C. Air
D. To air
2. The man .sitting in jail for multiple murders is Todd.
A. Is
B. Was
C. He
D. Now
3. The film .at the local theater is my favorite.
A. Appeared
B. Appears
C. Appearing
D. Been appeared.
4. The companies .the lowest prices will have the most customers.
A. Offers
B. Offered
C. Was offering
D. Offering
5. The bread .baked this morning smelled delicious.
A. Has
B. Was
C. It
D. Just
6. The cake .by the boy just now were made by my mother.
A. Eaten
B. Eats
C. Ate
D. Been eaten
7. Have you seen your name .on the announcement board?
A. Write
B. Written
C. Writing
D. Been written
8. I bought some .vegetables at the supermarket.
A. Was freezing
B. Freezing
C. Was frozen
D. Frozen
9. The waitress bringing the steaming soup to the waiting diners in the hall.
verb verb C D
10. The letters need immediate answers are on the desk.
A B verb D
11. The boring class just ending a few minutes ago.
A verb C verb
answer: inncorect
12. The courses are listed in the catalogue are required some revisions.
verb B verb D
13. The door panes damage after a flash flood are being repaired by him immediately.
A verb C D

14. The tree was blown over in the storm was cut into logs.
A B verb D
answer: correct
15. The portraits exhibiting in the Houston Museum last month are now on display in Dallas.
A verb C verb
answer: correct
16. The artisans demonstrating various handcrafts at booths throughout the air.
A verb adj verb
answer: correct

You might also like