SOCIAL MEDIA AND STUDY HABITS OF HUMSS STUDENTS IN PANITAN

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

In today’s society, the use of social media has become a necessary daily activity.

Social media is typically used for social interaction and access to news and information,

and decision making. It is a valuable communication tool with others locally and

worldwide, as well as to share, create, and spread information. Social media can influence

consumer’s purchase decisions through reviews, marketing tactics and advertising.

Essentially, social media vastly impacts our ability to communicate, form relationships,

access and spread information, and to arrive at the best decision.

Social media are defined as “a group of Internet-based applications that build on

the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and

exchange of user-generated content” (Kaplan and Haenlein 2010, p. 61). Indeed, many

have mastered the social media landscape successfully, showing the potential of these

applications to yield impressive results.

Perhaps the most influential social media tool is social networking sites.

Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Blogger, LinkedIn, and Google + are all familiar names to

the large majority of society; active social media user or not. Almost everyone from the

ages of 13 to 64 has a Facebook account. These social networking sites can be used to
connect people worldwide. This means that business meetings can be conducted

internationally via Google Hangouts or old friends can reconnect. For businesses,

schools, and various other groups, the communication possibilities are endless.

These social networking sites have increasingly grown beyond personal use.

Recently, employers have begun using social networking sites to examine the background

of their prospective candidates, as well as to host interviews via Facebook or other social

media technology tools. Groups can schedule virtual meetings or brainstorm together

even when they can’t physically meet. This eases the scheduling pressures for school

projects and board meetings. It goes without saying that we as a society have a grown

reliant and dependent on social networking sites. Overall, we rely on social networks for

connectivity and primary communication in today’s world.

According to the Nielsen Social Media Report, active social media users have a

higher likelihood of being influenced offline. Social media is now beginning to impact

its’ users’ decision making processes.Reviews and blogs are posted constantly describing

colleges, restaurants, products, companies, etc.

Some people have learned to rely on these reviews to make their decisions.

Almost instantly we can create, share, and spread newsworthy or gossip stories

across the globe. Social media has only made this easier. Top news stories are being

broken via Twitter and other social networking sites and people worldwide are made
aware of them almost instantaneously. The power of social media has allowed our

society to be much more knowledgeable of worldwide affairs and news.

Social media is become an invaluable tool not only for promoting and selling

goods and products but also in the field of education. Many students post their problems

on the social media platform and get instant help or solutions to their problems. The role

of social media in education plays an important role in the student’s lives. With the help

of social media, students can get information, can fetch or retrieve information easily, and

can communicate with their teachers, friends, and classmates easily. Students can get

connected with their teachers or professors easily and can gain knowledge and

information very easily through its help. Social media has been criticized by many

educators because many students waste their time and money on the social media

platform. But it offers a lot of opportunities and plenty of options for interaction and

gaining information and can increase their learnings.Social media is the latest technology

that helps all students in gaining information and knowledge by adopting different

methodologies. The utilization and involvement of social media in education helps

students, teachers, professors, and parents to get specific information. They can connect

themselves with different learning and educational groups and can achieve success.

Students used many social media networks which can help their study. Through

these social networks, it will make their work easier and fast. Social network is or can be

described as an avenue to exchange ideas and information within so many people, it can

also be the use of websites designed to build and reflect social relations among people

and organization who share connections, interest and activities.

 Adomi and Ejirefe (2012) defined social networking as activities, practices and

behaviour among communities of people who share information, knowledge and opinion

online using interactive media. Also, Anderson (2009) described social media networks

as the networked tools that allow people to meet, interact, artifacts and interest with each

other. Shirk (2008) asserts that social media networks facilitate the creation of groups and

the exploration of new ways of gathering and getting things done in a proper way.

According to Abdulahi, Samadi and Gharleghi (2014), the emergence of social network

has positive and negative effects on individuals within communities. The network

brought development to some areas and at the same time brought calamities of the

highest order, while some communities, individuals, personalities rejoice over the

emergence of the network some sing and are singing sad songs to erase off the calamities

it wrecked in them. It gives up to date information; faster to send information across;

cheap and affordable; saves the time of the sender of information; guarantees safe and

instantaneous delivery of information to where it is send; it also cut across boundaries,

ethnicity and it is globally accepted.

Social media are widely utilized by students both male and female. Some research

works found out that gender interests differ in social media activities. Thus, gender

appears as a significant predictor, with females being 1.6 times more likely to use social

media than males (Peter &Valkenburg, 2009). Innovation diffusion literature suggests

that males are more likely than female to adopt a new technology. More males use the

internet in these recent years than female. However, females use Facebook for

maintaining existing relationships, academic purposes and following agenda higher than

males while males use it for making new relationships at a rate higher than the females.
Specifically, focusing on the frequency and amount of internet-based technology usage,

Leung (2001) opined that females seek more socialization gratification through instant

messages than relaxation and entertainment. Yet, according to Loving and Ochoa (2010),

both used it for the purpose of connecting with friends and family regardless of location,

keeping up with the latest events and for academic purposes. Meanwhile a student’s

primary objective is the academics especially at secondary school level because it is the

stage of career building; therefore, the need to take their studies much seriously cannot be

overemphasized. Study is a systematic acquisition of knowledge and an understanding of

facts and principles that calls for retention and application(Mace, 2002). Shabi and

Udofia (2009) affirms that studying is most important activities of life through which one

enter into the life and experiences of others, extends knowledge, scope of experience and

enjoyment. Study is also the application of one's mental capacity to the acquisition,

understanding and organization of knowledge. However, study involves the 5 individual's

thinking, feeling, personality, social interaction, physical activities and health. Due to

technological development, study habits are changing. Study habits are defined as those

techniques such as summarizing, note taking, outlining or locating material which

learners employ to assist themselves in the efficient learning of the material at hand. It

implies a sort of more or less permanent method of studying. According to Chand, 2013

study habit is the tendency of pupil to study when the opportunities are given, whether

systematic or unsystematic, efficient or inefficient. Study habits are the essence of

dynamic personality. A proper study habits enables an individual to reap a good harvest

in future. Additionally, study habit is a process from which an individual gets proper

input to feed hunger and to quench thrust for knowledge. The study habits thus are of
great assistance to actualize the potentialities of the individual(Vyas,2002).Good study

habit plays an important role in human performance in academic field. Vyas further

emphasizes that despite possessing good intelligence and personality, the absence of good

study habits hampers academic achievement. Hence, the study habits of students plays

important role in learning and fundamental to school success. In our society today, while

technology is slowly taking a steady control over individual lives, the study habit is fast

vanishing into thin air (Ezema&Ekere 2009). Additionally, Ezema and Ekere affirm that

students now lack the skill of reading. Instead they spend more hours on electronic

media. Browsing the net, playing with handsets and passing non-stop SMSs seem to be

the order of the day, thereby making reading a book or any other piece of written material

in a quiet or peaceful corner of a library or home become an archaic idea for most school

children and adults. Obama (2008) in his speech pinpointed that children cannot achieve

success in academics unless they raise their expectations and turn off television sets.

Long (2012) postulated that it is so common these days that many 6 young people are

addicted to social media activities, abandoning homework and reading time in preference

to chatting with friends, even at lecture times. Long added that many students are on

phones engaging in one form of chatting or the other which can be quite distracting and

loss of concentration from studying most times.

This study seeks to ascertain any possible effect social media use has on the study

habits of senior high school HUMSS students in Panitan National high school. The

purpose of this study aims to provide a concrete solutions to the effects of social media to

the study habits of the students.

 Statement of the problem

This study generally aims to determine the effects of using social media to the

study habits of HUMSS students. Specifically, it seeks to ensures of the following:

1. What is the level of the effects of social media to the study habits of students?

2. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents?

Hypotheses of the Study

1. There is no significant difference between the demographic profile and use of

social media of HUMSS students at Panitan National High School.

2. There is no significant relationship between social media use and the study habits

of HUMSS students at Panitan National High School.

 Theoretical Framework of the Study

The study is anchored to the following theories which have significantly related.

Uses and Gratification Theory

Elihu Katz first introduced the Uses and Gratification Approach, when he came

up with the notion that people use the media to their benefit. The perspective emerged in

the early 1970’s as Katz and his two colleagues, Jay Blumler and Michael Gurevitch

continued to expand the idea. This theory was contemporary because it contradicted

older views that assumed the audience was a passive group. The Uses and Gratifications

Approach views the audience as active, meaning that they actively seek out specific

media and content to achieve certain results or gratifications that satisfy their personal

needs. The uses and gratifications theory, developed by Elihu Katz and Jay Blumler,

seeks to explain the relationship between an audience and how this audience uses the

media. The main questions posed by these researchers is, “Why do people use certain

mediums/media platforms and what gratifications do they get from it?” Individuals use

media for a variety of reasons and these motives vary depending on one’s situation.

Professionals in the communications industry, including public relations, can apply the

theory to their work. Ruggiero (2000) predicted through research that the internet will be

transformative, leading to “profound changes in media users” personal and social habits

roles”
Time Displacement Theory

The theory was first discussed by Putnam (1995a, 1995b). Robert Putnam said

social capital is the most pivotal thing for social bonding and maintaining social

relationships in society. He further elaborated that the social capital gets erode when the

users of media allocate too much time to the media activities and displace their time

which was previously allocated to more important things like social events, interpersonal

communication, social movements, interaction with people, education and helping each

other in social and personal matters.According to Maxwell McCombs, people have

limited amount of time to spend on the media, the more they spend on one medium less

they spend on another medium.

Uses and gratification theory is related to this study as it embraces the interactive

nature of media and its audience as it is with social media where the platform are used as

means of interaction and communication. It is audience centered and addresses needs

such as identity, socialization and information acquisition. Therefore, people’s needs are

generated by their individual differences which could be based on sex, ethnic group, and

educational qualification. Because the needs are determined by who or what they are, and

people use the mass media for the purpose of gratifying these needs. While using new

media, people are actively combining several motives to fulfill their yearnings and

aspirations, properly referred to as gratifications. This also happens on various 19 social

media through which people satisfy their social needs. Thus, Uses and Gratifications

approach is adopted for the study as a good way to find out what particular social media
commonly accessed by an individual to satisfy his/her social needs which captures what

the researcher seeks to investigate.

Conceptual Framework

Users of Social media and the study habits off student in social networking sites

(SNSs) in HUMSS student in Panitan National High School create online profiles and

share information. Information, including personal information, images, and the ability to

connect with other users, whether to speak with old acquaintances or to meet new people.

Nowadays, social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and others are attracting millions of

people worldwide, particularly students.

Some people use social media sites to reconnect with old acquaintances and to

find new friends who share similar interests. Once a person is allowed access to a social

media website, he or she can begin socializing. Reading other members’ profile pages

and maybe contacting them is an example of socialization. Others, however, use these

sites purely for entertainment purposes. Social media sites are not harmful to students as

long as they are not used excessively. It can also assist pupils with their schoolwork.

Students use social networking sites to interact with and communicate with their

classmates. Social Media sites can assist people in relieving stress. This are beneficial in

many ways. However, students are becoming addicted to these sites, which has resulted

in low test and quiz scores, sleeping in class due to a lack of sleep, and, eventually, low

grades.
 The most common danger, though, is that of online predators or someone

claiming to be someone they are not. Also, ask every student if they have an account in

any social media, and they will undoubtedly respond that they have an account ranging

from 1 to 3 in various social networking sites to the habits of HUMSS students in Panitan

National High School.

The respondent’s demographic factors include sex as whether they are male or female

and including their age. The civil status determines as whether single or married. Their

grade level which we will focus on gade 12 as a HUMSS students at Panitan National

High School.

Research Paradigm

Respondents

Demographic Factors

 Sex
 Age
 Civil status
Effects in the study habits of
 Grade level
HUMSS student at Panitan
National High school

Social media
 Social media platforms
that helps students to
gain information and
knowledge.
 Level of social media
usage
 Hours spend
 Significance of the Study

This study aimed to provide valuable information on how Social Media and the

study habits of students can affect to our society in using social media in our daily life.

For the students, they exchange helpful information. Social media enhances

student's communication skills; they develop a great ability to access, evaluate, maintain,

and share information. It is often easier and more convenient to access information,

provide information and to communicate to other people.

For the family, it provides many ways to communicate your friends and family to

stay connected no matter where they are and to share information and photos by using

any platforms of social media.

For the workers or employees, they encourage the staff to engage and

communicate with each other via social media will help people get to know each other

and feel comfortable to ask questions and discuss work related topics. It can help to

improve team-work and staff engagement.

For the community, the social nmedia can provide young people with

opportunities to learn how to function successfully in a community, navigating a public

social space and developing social norms and skills as participants in peer groups.
And for the future researchers, the result of this research may be a basis of further studied

and can be used as related literature.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

In this study, it involves participants, who are HUMSS students of Panitan

National High School that influences their study habits by social media.

This study research design utilized descriptive method employing the quantitative

non-experimental research design. This is a non-experimental and descriptive type of

research since no variables were manipulated in the study and there was no group that

received treatment and no group was controlled and experimented.

The dependent variables include social media platform that help student to gain

information and knowledge.The independent variable includes respondents of the

HUMSS students using social media platform. 5 of HUMSS students seeks for what will

be the possible effect of social media on their study habits, 2 students used to gathered

information, 4 students used it to easily communicate with their family, friends and

classmates , and 1 students were using their study habits naturally without using any

social media site or platforms.

We researches used survey questioner and secondary research as an instrument to

gather some collectable existing data in form of text. Survey questionnaire was made by

us ,the survey questionnaire was consisted by 3 parts. The survey questionnaire consist of
three (3) parts. Part 1 consist of the demographic factors such as sex, age, and average

time spent in social media by the respondents. Part 2 consist of the social media platform

that the students use every day. Part 3A consist of the effects of using social media to the

study habits of Grade 12 HUMSS Students and Part 3B consist of the advantages and

disadvantages of using social media in the study habits of students of HUMSS students

at Panitan National High School.

Definition of Terms

Social Media. A phrase we throw around a lot these days, often to describe what we post

on sites and apps like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, and others.

Social. Refers to interacting with other people by sharing information with them and

receiving information from them

Media. Refers to an instrument of communication, like the internet (while TV, radio, and

newspapers are examples of more traditional forms of media.

Habit. A behavior pattern acquired by frequent repetition or physiologic exposure that

shows itself in regularity or increased facility of performance.

Study Habit. An action such as reading, taking notes, holding study groups which the

students perform regularly and habitually in order to accomplish the task of learning.

Students. Primarily a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution and

who is under learning with goals of acquiring knowledge, developing professions and

achieving employment in a desired field. In the broader sense, a student is anyone who
applies themselves to the intensive intellectual engagement with some matter necessary

to master it as part of some practical affair in which such mastery is basic or decisive.

Humanities and Social Science (HUMSS). A strand offered to senior high school

students under the Academic track. The HUMSS senior high school strand is designed for

students who intend to take up journalism, communication arts, liberal arts, education,

and other social science courses in college.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents a review of related literature and studies conducted that have a

bearing with similarity on the topic on hand.

Local Studies

According to the Abstract of “The Social Media Use and the Study Habits of

Millennials” by Melissa Hermosa-Yncierto, LPT1 and FlordelizaSoroño-Gagani, LPT.,

M.A., Ph.D. (c)2. Social media use and social networking poured internationally in the

present that no academic institutions could stop its impact on education. Researches were

conducted on the impact of these technologies and its effectivity to certain school

conditions. Hence, this study aimed at describing the extent of the usage of social media

as a vehicle to the improvement of study habits of the Carolinians especially to the

stratified proportionate and randomly chosen 50 Grade Ten students of the University

of San Carlos, Basic Education Department – South Campus in Cebu City, Philippines.

Descriptive survey research using simple percentage, mean and standard deviation was

done using an adapted survey questionnaire which was tested for face and content

validity. To obtain reliability, the tool was pilot tested and was proven to be reliable (α =

0.891) using Cronbach‘s Alpha .Based on the gathered data, students spent most of

their time in social networking sites whether on a typical day (28%) or weekend (46%)

and they usually do this inside their bedroom (46%) or in an internet café (54%) outside.

They usually use their mobile phones (76%) to visit social sites and the majority (34%)

received less parental support. In terms of the students‘level of study habit, it was rated
average (x = 3.32, SD = 0.33). This means that the use of social media does not give a

negative influence on the study habits of the students in this study. Even if most of them

utilized whatever available technology they have such as their mobile phones and they

spend most of their time on internet cafés, it was recommended that parental

involvement and teachers‘ wise use of technology, pedagogy, and content should be

strengthened for these partners still play a significant role in achieving success both in

instruction and education.

According to the Introduction of the study entitled “Social Media Utilization and

Its effect to the Study Habit of the students” By Alfred Glenn S. Maitem, Chara Joy B.

Davin, Ann Gia A. Guillen, Mary Rose Y. Garcia Lyylyn L. Salvaleon, it is stated that

Many established studies have shown the influence of the internet in our society

nowadays. Internet has indeed revolutionized the information era with regard to sharing,

speed, storage and retrieval of information in whatever form regardless of the person’s

whereabouts. A variety of web technologies emerged in the internet, and one technology

that is creating a big impact with regard to information sharing and communication are

the social media networks. The evolution of social media has cut across all facets of

society with its positive and negative impacts. Social media has transformed and

impacted on communication, learning, research and education in general. Among the vast

variety of online tools which are available for communication, social networking sites

(SNS) have become the most modern and attractive tools for connecting people

throughout the world (Aghazamani, 2010).

According to Osharive (2015), social media have positive and negative effects on

teenagers in the study conducted in University of Lagos in Nigeria. Negative effects

contain lack of privacy, distracting students from their academic work and taking most of

their productive time. On the other hand, positive effects such as forming online

communities in order to plan for a project, have group discussions about class material or

use the social networking sites as a way to keep in contact when a student who has been

absent needs to be updated on current academic information have benefits if used

appropriately. This only shows that technology is evolving at a very fast rate and its

effect is very apparent in the current generation. But as it is, technology like two sides of

a coin, bring with it both negative and positive sides.

In a study conducted in a state university in Iloilo, the results showed that the

respondents’ study habits and academic performance were to a high extent influenced by

social networking. Most likely that this high influence may have been result of easy

access to and brought about by the accessibility of gadgets like cell phones with mobile

data and Wi-Fi connection. The affordability and availability of these gadgets in the

market may have been another reason Judilla and Gemora (2015).

The mentioned scenario spurred interest of the researchers to determine if there is

a relationship of social media utilization to the study habits of the selected students in

Davao City National High School.

Foreign Studies

“Assessment of Social Media Utilization and Study Habit of Students of Tertiary

Institutions in Katsina State” by Olutola, Adekunle Thomas (Ph.D.), Olatoye,

OlufunkeOmotoke, and Olatoye, RafiuAdemola (Ph.D.). There is an increasing trend

towards using social media by tertiary institution students to facilitate their learning

process. Some students use social media for academic purposes. According to Murthy

(2013), social media can be defined as the many relatively inexpensive and widely

accessible electronic tools that enable anyone to publish and access information,

collaborate on a common effort or build relationship. Social media also are computer-

mediated tools that allow people to create, share or exchange information, ideas and

pictures/videos in virtual communities and networks (Wikipedia, 2015).

Social media are different from traditional or industrial media in many ways

including quality, accessibility, frequency, usability, speed and permanence (Agichtein,

Carlos; Debora; Aristides &Gilad, 2008). Social media technologies take on many

different forms including blogs, business networks, enterprise social networks, forums,

micro-blogs, photo sharing, products, services review, video sharing and virtual worlds

(Aichner& Jacob, 2015).

Kaplan and Haenleinn (2010) defined social media as a group of internet-based

applications that build on the ideological and technological foundation of Web 2.0, and

that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content. Tertiary institution

students use the social media for different reasons which include connecting to their

friends, for academic purposes, to exchange pictures and videos, for personal information

and so on. Some of the social media websites are Face book, YouTube, and Twitter.

Facebook represents a potentially useful tool in educational contexts. It allows

students to manage their own privacy settings and often work with the privacy settings

they have already established as registered users (Wikipedia, 2015). Also, Facebook is

one alternative means for shy students to voice their thoughts in and outside of
classroom. It allows students to collect their thoughts and articulated them in writing

before communicating them (Moody, 2010).

Twitter is one of the social media that promotes social connection among students

globally. It enhances communication building; critical thinking and sharing of knowledge

worldwide. Junco, Heiberger and Loken (2011) completed a study of 132 students to

examine the link between students’ engagement in social media and grades.

They divided the students into groups; one used Twitter and other did not. They

found that students in the Twitter group have higher GPAS and greater engagement

scores than the control group. You Tube is one of the frequently used social media tool

by the students. Students can watch and share videos, answer questions and discuss

content. Sherer and Shea (2011) claimed that YouTube increased participation,

personalization (customization) and productivity. It also improved students’ digital skills

and provided opportunity for peer learning and problem-solving.

Other social media are useful to students in the classroom. Students make use of them to

solve problem and increase their skills technologically and educationally. Students’

academic performance takes important place in teaching and learning process. Social

media utilization supposed to enhance the students study habits and help to attain greater

height in their academic pursuits. De Escobar (2009) observed that students need to be

familiar with the relationship between good study habits and academic achievement to

accomplish great success in any level of education.

According to Nneji (2002) study habits are learning tendencies that enable

students work privately. Azikwe (1998) described study habits as the way and manner a
student plans his or her private reading outside lecture hours in order to master a

particular subject or topic.

Crede and Kuncel (2008) noted that study habits denote the degree to which the student

engages in regular acts of studying that are characterised by appropriate studying routines

(e.g. review of materials) occurring in an environment that is conducive to studying.

Study habit can be measured directly through assessment, inventories, reports,

examinations and rating scales. Study habit can be the students’ way of study whether

systematic, efficient or inefficient. It literally means that good studying habit produces

positive academic performance while inefficient study habit leads to academic failure

(Ayodele&Adebiyi, 2013).

Some researchers have expressed their concern on the negative use of media among the

students which has affected the study habits and performance. Oji (2007) noted that the

growing incidence of students using the internet not necessarily for academic purposes

but for anti-social activities is at an astonishing rate.

They use websites for pornography, fraud and for other social vices in the society.

Schill (2011) asserted that the social media sites encourage negative behaviour among

students such as catching up with unknown friends and so on.

Wang, Chen and Liang (2011) findings on effect of social media on college

students, showed that social media use is negatively associated with academic

performance. They noted that two thirds of the students are found using social media

while in class studying or doing homework. This multitasking increase distraction and

becomes detrimental to students’ performance and study habits and reading habit. It is
therefore worthwhile to investigate the assessment of social media utilization and study

habit among students of tertiary institutions.

This study investigated the assessment of social media utilization and study habit

of students of tertiary institutions in Katsina State. Specifically, the study aimed at

finding the level of utilization of social media among students of tertiary institutions in

KatsinaState. Influence of students’ level of utilization of social media on their study

habit was also investigated by the researchers.

“Social Media and Study Habits of Secondary School Students in Anambra State,

Nigeria” by Chibueze Maureen, Modern technology in communication no doubt has

turned the entire world into a global village as the world today is celebrating the

improvements in communication technology. This has broadened the scope of

communication through Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs).

ICT has helped people to be better informed, enlightened and kept abreast with

world developments The 21st century continues to marshal in technological advancement

that change the nature of communication, socialization and private versus public

information. One of such change is the emergence of social media site that the world’s

population currently enjoys, especially among the younger generation where they

socialize with peers and friends (Adomi&Ejirefe, 2012).

Social media comprises of activities that involve socializing and networking

online through words, pictures and videos. Kaplan and Halein, (2010) defined social

media as a group of internet-based applications that build on the ideological and

technological foundations of Web 2.0, and that allows the creation and exchange of user-

generated content. It also refers to activities, practices and behavior among communities

of people who gather online to share information, knowledge and opinion using

interactive media.

Through social media people seek and enjoy the companionship of others online.

It supports the sharing of information and services among individuals and groups having

a common interest. In other words, a social media service is an online platform that is

used by people to build social networks with other people who share similar personal or

career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.

Social media platform can be relevant to information seeking and sharing of

information retrieval perspective by providing 1 2 speed and quick information to the

information community by connecting and collecting digital information required by the

user (Sherwin, 2013).

Social media are often perceived as closed environments where members talk to

other members and allows the creation and exchange of user generated content. It is the

latest technological explosion in the world of information as an online platform that

focuses on building and reflecting on social relation among people who share common

interest or activities on the network.

Social media is also a social structure made up of individuals or organizations called

nodes, which are tied (connected) by one or more specific types of interdependency, such

as friendship, kinship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike, sexual relationships

or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige (Asemah& Edegoh,2012). It is also of

importance to students for various reasons like exchanging ideas, feelings, personal

information, pictures and videos. It also encourages interaction between students. This is

especially helpful in college environments where students create a bond within the

institution. Likewise, it is useful for team projects where students can hold meetings in

real time and work on their projects and also provide a richer experience for resources

like videos, resource website, tutorials which can be shared very easily with the entire

classroom at the click of the button.

Additionally, some of the postings can be informative and educative and the students

after reading such posts can comment on them. Some of the students use them mainly for

making friends, chatting, exchange news and photographs(Young, 2006). They also use it

to access information that is involved in school life as well as entertainment. A social

media platform allows the student to create a profile, select other members of the site as

contacts or connections, communicate and engage with these users and an interface to

build applications. Social media like Blog, Google also used to complement formal

educational activities and enhance learning outcomes as 3 the students' use them

(Notley&Tacchi, 2005).

In like manner, it helps librarians to share information with patrons and students

in the easiest way for digital library environment. Librarians can use it in broad activities

in library and information services which include information communication,

knowledge and knowledge organization. Consequently, the use of social media extends

opportunities for formal learning across geographical contexts and there are various

social media that are been accessed. Kuss and Griffiths (2011) described social media as

virtual communities where users can create public profiles; interact with real- life friends
and meet other people based on shared interests. It is also referred to as virtual places

where people find themselves and share information.

These social media have an open membership that as soon as one opens an

account and uploads his or her data on the profile page, the person is entitled to create a

network of friends. Depending on the website in question, many of these online

community members share a common interest such as hobbies, religion or politics.

According to Wortham (2010), social media are defined as web-based services

that allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within bounded system,

articulate a ;list of other users with whom they share a connection and a view of the list of

connection made by others within the system. With social media, one can send and

receive messages almost immediately; however some social media are specifically

designed for mobile phones. Some are accessed via computers and others could be

accessed using both mobile phones and computers or other information communication

technologies.

Some examples of social media include Facebook, 2go, Naijapals, whatsapp,

classmates, yahoo messenger, twitter etc. There are no restrictions as to which social

media one should belong; one can be a member of as many as possible. Some sites

accommodate distinct viewers, while others attract people based on similarities, such as

common languages or shared racial, sexual, religious, or 4 nationality-based identities.

Furthermore, social media have only one common goal, it is to encourage new ways to

communicate and share information. It also provides great opportunities for members to

develop their literacy and the knowledge about their environment. Social media are

widely utilized by students both male and female.

 Some research works found out that gender interests differ in social media

activities. Thus, gender appears as a significant predictor, with females being 1.6 times

more likely to use social media than males (Peter &Valkenburg, 2009). Innovation

diffusion literature suggests that males are more likely than female to adopt a new

technology.

More males use the internet in these recent years than female. However, females

use Facebook for maintaining existing relationships, academic purposes and following

agenda higher than males while males use it for making new relationships at a rate higher

than the females. Specifically, focusing on the frequency and amount of internet-based

technology usage, Leung (2001) opined that females seek more socialization gratification

through instant messages than relaxation and entertainment.

Yet, according to Loving and Ochoa (2010), both used it for the purpose of

connecting with friends and family regardless of location, keeping up with the latest

events and for academic purposes.

 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology of the research which includes of the

design, locale, instruments, validity and reliability, gathering and processes procedures,

statistical tools, and analysis and interpretation of data.

Research Design

This research utilized the descriptive method employing the quantitative non-

experimental research design. This is a non-experimental and descriptive type of research

since no variables were manipulated in the study and there was no group that received

treatment and no group was controlled and experimented. This study aims to determine

the effects or impact of using social media to the study habits of HUMSS students

assigned in Panitan National High School, Pob.Ilawod, Panitan, Capiz. In this study, the

method used in gathering the data was through a survey questionnaire since its main

purpose was to describe the profile of social media usage and the study habit of the

respondents.

Respondents

The respondents are seventy (70) HUMSS students from grade 12 senior high at

Panitan National High School. They are compose of thirty-five (35) HUMSS students in

section sincerity and thirty-five (35) HUMSS students in section honesty. The

respondents were randomly chosen from the population of the grade 12 students of

Panitan National High School.

 Table 1: The Research Respondents

Name of Sections Total Population Size Sample Size

Sincerity 41 35

Honesty 43 35

Total 84 70

Locale of the Research

This study will be conduct at Senior High School. This building of Panitan

National High School is located at pob. Ilawod, Panitan, Capiz.

Research Instrument

The data needed for this study will be gather, analyze, and tabulated with the use

of the researchers made questionnaire. The survey questionnaire consist of three (3) parts.

Part 1 consist of the demographic factors such as sex, age, and average time spent in

social media by the respondents. Part 2 consist of the social media platform that the

students use every day. Part 3A consist of the effects of using social media to the study

habits of Grade 12 HUMSS Students and Part 3B consist of the advantages and

disadvantages of using social media in the study habits of students.

The researchers made instruments will be subjected to the content validity and reliability.

Validity and Reliability of the Questionnaire

Since the researchers create the instrument used in this study, it went through

validity tests such as consulting our research adviser and member with regards to its
constructs and contents. An expert was consulted in terms of the relativeness and

reliability of the questions to the topic of the study.

Data Gathering Procedure

A letter was secured first from the Principals' office before conducting the survey

to the 50 respondents. Since the respondents were still 15-16 years old, then they were

included in the vulnerable population. Hence, an informed consent was read to them,

informing them of the objectives and procedures of the study. Benefits, potential risks,

and issues on confidentiality were read and explained to them so that they could choose

to withdraw from the said survey. Respect and dignity of the respondents were still the

main concerns of the researchers; hence the respondents were given the freedom to

participate or not in the said study.

The list of the respondents who will be participate in the study will be keep confidential

necessary permits will be secured for the conduct for the study.

The researcher will personally administer and retrieve the questionnaire. The

questionnaire will administer by the members of the researchers who were trained on

how to distribute the questionnaire and also how to interact with the respondents in case

of any question arises as well as to collect the completed copies of the questionnaire.

After they had finished answering the survey sheets, the researchers gathered, tabulated

and analyzed the data immediately by the use of SPSS and by the help of statistician.
 Scoring Interval

Social media and the study habits of HUMSS students assigned at senior high

Building at Panitan National High School will be interpreted according to scale and its

corresponding description is given below.

Score Scoring Interval Verbal Interpretation

5 4.21-5.00 Strongly agree

4 3.41-4.20 agree

3 2.61-3.40 uncertain

2 1.81-2.60 disagree

1 1.00-1.80 Strongly disagree

Data Analysis and Interpretation Procedure

Since the study is descriptive in nature, then simple statistical treatment was used in the

study. To determine whether the effect of social media to the study habits of the HUMSS

grade 12 students is positive or negative, we used the mean, median and mode formula.

Mean Formula

The mean formula is given as the average of all the observations. It is expressed as

Mean = {Sum of Observation} ÷ {Total numbers of Observations}

Median Formula

The median tells you where the middle of a data set is. The median formula is

{(n + 1) ÷ 2}th,
where “n” is the number of items in the set and “th” just means the (n)th number. o find

the median, first order the numbers from smallest to largest. Then find the middle

number.

Mode Formula

The mode is one of the values of the measures of central tendency. This value gives us a

rough idea about which of the items in a data set tend to occur most frequently. To find

the mode, or modal value, it is best to put the numbers in order. Then count how many of

each number. A number that appears most often is the mode.

Once the Mean, Median and Mode is Determined, the data will be given to the statistician

to create a graph for the data. Once the data and graph are completed, the result will tell

whether the social media has good or bad effect to the study habits of the grade 12

students of HUMSS in Panitan National High School.

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