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Examples

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INTERNTIONAL ‘Cope coUNCIE NS AMERICAN WOOD, COUNCIL @ EXAMPLES Structural Wood Design Examples 2015/2018 EDITION Updates and Errata While every precaution has been taken to ensure the accuracy of this document, errors may have occurred during development. Updates or Errata are posted to the American ‘Wood Council website at wwwaawe org. Technical inquiries may be addressed to [email protected]. About American Wood Council On behalf of the industry it represents, AWC is committed to ensuring a resilient, safe, and sustainable built environment. To achieve these objectives, AWC contributes to the development of sound public policies, codes, and regulations which allow for the appropriate and responsible manufacture and use of ‘wood products. We support the utilization of wood products by developing and disseminating consensus standards, comprehensive technical guidelines, and tools for wood design and construction, as well as providing education regarding their application. About the International Code Council The International Code Council is a member-focused association. It is dedicated to developing model codes and standards used in the design, build and compliance process to construct safe, sustainable affordable and resilient structures, Most US communities and many global markets choose the Intemational Codes, ICC Evaluation Service (ICC-ES) is the industry leader in performing technical evaluations for code compliance fostering safe and sustainable design and construction AMERICAN, COUNCIL EXAMPLES Structural Wood Design Examples 2015/2018 EDITION Copyright © 2019 American Wood Council Ba a ne) 2015/2018 Structural Wood Design Examples First Web Version: August 2019 ISBN 978-1-940383-S1-4 Copyright © 2019 by American Wood Council All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any ‘means, including, without limitation, electronic, optical, or mechanical means (by way of example and not limitation, photocopying, or recording by or in an information storage retrieval system) without express written permission of the American Wood Council, Inc, For information on permission to copy material, please contact Copyright Permission American Wood Council 222 Catoctin Circle, SE, Suite Leesburg, VA 20175 [email protected] Copyright © American Wood Counc Downloadedipinted pursuant io Licsnse Agreement. No fepraducton or ranster authorize. ANERICANWOOD COUNCIL FOREWORD Ba a ne) ‘This document is intended to aid instruction in structural design of wood structures using both Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). It contains design examples and complete solutions calculated using ASD and LRED. Solutions have been developed based on the 20/5 and 2018 National Design Specification*(NDS*) for Wood Construction, and the 2015 Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic (SDPWS). as appropriate. References are also made to the 2015 and 2018 Wood Frame Construction ‘Manual (WECM) for One- and Two- Family Dwellings Copies of these standards produced by the American Wood Council can be obtained at www.awe org/codes- standards/publications. Procedures will be applicable for both 2015 and 2018 versions of the NDS and WFCM, unless otherwise noted. Example problems range from simple to complex and cover many design scenarios, In the solutions where a particular provision of the NDS or SDPWS is cited, reference is made to the document and corresponding provision number, e.g. NDS 43.1 It is intended that this document be used in conjunction with competent engineering design, accurate fabrication, and adequate supervision of construction. Neither the American Wood Council, the Intemational Code Council nor their members assume any responsibility for errors of omissions in this document, nor for engineering designs plans, or construction prepared from it. Those using this document assume all liability arising from its use. The design of engineered structures is within the scope of expertise of licensed engineers. architects, or other licensed professionals for applications to a particular structure. American Wood Council terms or subscripts Solutions have been developed using the MathCAD® 15 software by PTC (https:/iwwwepte.comy), Some formatting is the result of the program layout, for example the use of*:=" denotes an assigned value, while an “=" denotes a calculated value, Examples may contain notes or comments for instances where program constraints have led to the use of non-standardized Copyright © american Wood Coune!. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transter authzed, AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL a Ba a ne) » Copyright © American Wood Council Downloadediprinied pursuant to Licanse Agreement. No reproduction or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) TABLE OF CONTENTS Problem Poe Problem Page Foreword. iii Connection Problem Set... Characteristic Problem Set 2.1a Withdrawal - Plain Shank Nail 80 . 2.1b Fastener Uplift - Roof Sheathing Ring 1.1 Adjustment Factors (ASD and LRFD) ‘Shank Nail - 5/8" WSP (2018 NDS Only) 82 12a Simply Supported Beam Capacity Check 2.le Fastener Uplift - Roof Sheathing Ring (ASD) 7 ‘Shank Nail - 7/16" WSP (2018 NDS Only) 84 1.2b Simply Supported Beam Capacity Check 22 Common Nail Lateral Single Shear (RFD) u ‘Wood-to-wood 86 1.3. Glued Laminated Timber Beam Design 2.3. Withdrawal - Lag Screw 1 (asp) 16 - 2.4 Wood Screw Lateral - Double Shear 1.4 Compression Members - 4x4 and 6x6 Wood.f0-47008 93 (asD) 2B 2.5. Bolt Lateral - Single Shear Wood-to-Wood 97 1.5a Compression Member -2x6 Stud (ASD) 28 2.6 Bolted Wood-to-Wood Tension Splice 1.5b Compression Member - 2x6 Stud (LRFD) 31 Comecion fos 1.6 Bending and Axial Tension (ASD) 34 1.7 Bending and Axial Compression (ASD) 49.‘ Shear Walll Problem Set. 1.8 Bi-Axial Bending and Axial Compression 3.1 Segmented Shear Wall - Wind no (asp) 45 3.2. Segmented Shear Wall - Seismic a 1.9 Loadbearing Wall Wood Stud Resisting 33. Perforated Shear Wall - Wind 116 ‘Wins and Sonny Los % 3.4 Perforated Shear Wall - Seismic 9 Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL v Ba a ne) » Copyright © American Wood Council Downloadediprinied pursuant to Licanse Agreement. No reproduction or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) E1.1 - Adjustment Factors (ASD and LRFD) ‘ANo. 1 Douglas Fr-Larch (DF-L) nominal 2x6 is used fora floor joist @ 16" o.c. (supporting only dead and ive loads) for an exterior deck. The in-service moisture contents greater than 19%, and the member is not subject o elevated temperatures. The ends are held in place with ful-depth blocking. Determine the adjusted bending design value (F) , adjusted shear design value (F'), adjusted tension design vaue (F}) and moduli of eastiaty (E"and E,,,) for the member using both Alowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). Assume lumber is incised. (aau7 any asy) suoiovs INaWusnray Copyright © American Wood Council Downloadediprinied pursuant to Licanse Agreement. No reproduction or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL PRO tae U Th) E1.1 - Adjustment Factors (ASD and LRFD) ‘ANo. 1 Douglas Fr-Larch (DF-L) nominal 2x6 s used fora floor joist @ 16" o.c. (supporting onty dead and lve ads) for an exterior deck. The in-service moisture contentis greater than 19%, and the member 5 not subjectto elevated temperatures, The ends are held in place with fukdepth blocking, Dstermine the adjusted bending design value (F) , adjusted shear design value (F\), adjusted tension design vaue (F)) and moduli of elastic (E* and E,,,) for the member using both Alowabie Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LIRFD). Assume lumber is incised. Reference and Adjusted Design Values for No, 1 DF-L 2x6 (NDS Supplement Table 44) Fy 1000-psi—-E== 1700000-psiEypin = 660000psi (NDS Supplement Tablo 4A) 800-psi 180psi Determine Adjusted Bending Design Value (F',) using ASD factors Load Duration Factor cp 10 (NDS Table 23.2) Wet Service Factor Cy = 88 (NDS Supplement Table 4 Adjustment factors) ‘Temperature Factor o (NDS Table 23.3) (NDS Supplement Table 4A) Flat Use Factor Cfyi= 10 (NDS Supplement Table 4) Incising Factor = 08 (NDS Table 43.8) Repetitive Member Factor = 1s (NDS 43.9) Foasp = Fea Cab CeCe Ce Ch ir Fyasp = 1017psi Adjusted ASD Bending Design Value (F) Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) Determine Adjusted Bending Design Value (F,) using LRFD factors Format Conversion Factor Kpr254 (NDS Table 4.3.1) Resistance Factor = 085 (NDS Table 43.1) Time Effect Factor (NDS Appendix N.3.3 - use combination 1.2D+1 6L+0.5(L, or Sor R), L from occupancy) Cob Cr CLE Cia CeCe KO (aau7 any asy) suoiovs INaWusnray FiytREp = 1756psi Adjusted LRFD Bending Design Value (F,) Determine Adiusted Shear Parallel to Grain Design Value (F,) using ASD factors Load Duration Factor cp 10 (NDS Table 23.2) Wet Service Factor Cyrv'= 097 (NDS Supplement Table 4) ‘Temperature Factor c= 10 (NDS Table 23.3) Incising Facior c= 08 (NDS Table 4.3.8) Fyasp = Fp Cv eC ASDISEVE DENTS pajustod ASD Shear Paraelto Grain Design Value (F,) Fyasp = M0psi Determine Adjusted Shear Parallel to Grain Design Value (F,) using LRFD factors Format Conversion Factor Kpy= 288 (NDS Table 4.3.1) ‘Resistance Factor y= 0.75 (NDS Table 43.1) ‘Tne Efect Factor d= 08 (NDS Appendix N.3.3 - use combination 1.2D+1 6L+0.5(L, or Sor R), L from occupancy) Fetrrp = FyCuv-CrCi Kev y adjusted LRFD Shear Paralel to Grain Design Vaue (F\) Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL PRO tae U Th) Pytpep = 241 pst Determine Adjusted Tension Parallel to Grain Design Value (F') using ASD factors Load Duration Factor Cp= 10 (NDS Table23.2) Wet Service Factor Cyc 19 (NDS Supplement Table 4) ‘Temperature Factor c= 10 (NDS Table 23.3) Sie Factor cp 13 (NDS Supplement Table 4A) Incising Factor 8 (NDS Table 43.8) Frasp = FrpCurCrCr CG a . : Adjusted ASD Tension Parallel to Grain Design Value (F)) Frasp = 832 psi Determine Adusted Tension Parallel to Grain Design Value (F') using LRFD factors Format Conversion Factor Kpy= 2.70 (NDS Table 4.3.1) nce Factor = 08 (NDS Table 43.1) ‘Tine Effect Factor d= 08 (NDS Appendix N.3:3 use combination 1.20+4 6L+0.5(L, or orR),L from occupancy) Corr CeCrRre%t> adjusted LRFD Tension Parallel to Grain Design Value (F,) Pipep = M438 psi Determine Adjusted Modulus of Elasticity (E’) (same for ASD and LRFD) Wet Service Factor Chaps 0.9 (NDS Supplement Table 44) ‘Temperature Factor Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) Cis 0 (NDS Table 23.3) Incsing Factor Cp = 095 (NDS Table 438) BE Eye CeCe B'= 1453500 psi Adjusted ASD/LRFD Modulus of Elastic (E') Determine Beam and Column Stability Adjusted Modulus of Elasticity (Ey, with ASD Factors ‘Wet Service Factor Cyp = 09 (NDS Supplement Table 44) (aau7 any asy) suoiovs INaWusnray Temperature Factor Cg 10 (NDS Table 2:33) Incising Factor Cp = 095 (NDS Table 43.8) Bucking Stiffness Factor cp=to — (NDS442) Fininasp = FCM Ce Cig Cr E ‘minaSD = 1453500 psi Adjusted ASD Beam and Column Stabilty Modulus of Elasty (E,,) Determine Beam and Column Stability Adjusted Modulus of Elasticity (E,,,) with LRFD Factors Wet Serve Factor Cyge= 0.9 (NDS Supplement Table 4A) ‘Temperature Factor Cg 10 (NDS Table 23.3) Incising Factor Cp = 095 (NDSTable4 38) Bucking Sines Factor creo (NDS4.42) Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL PRO tae U Th) Format Conversion Factor Kpp = 1.76 (NDS Table 4.3.1) ‘Resistance Factor p= 085 (NDS Table 43.1) min RED *= © CMEC Cig Cr Kee OE Emin RED = 2174436 psi ‘Adjusted LRFD Beam and Column Stabitty Modulus of Elastioty (Emyq) Copyright © American Wood Council Downloadediprinied pursuant to Licanse Agreement. No reproduction or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) E imply Supported Beam Capacity Check (ASD) ‘ASolect Structural Douglas Fir-Larch (DF-L) norrinal 4X16 beam on a 20 ft span supports a hoist cated at the center of the span. Determine the maximum alowable load on the hoist (iicuding its weight) based on bending. Assume normalload duraton. The beam is supported on a 2x4 top plate. Lateral supportis provided only at the ends of the member and the ends are considered pinned. Check beams capaciy fo resist shear stress from maximum (moment coniroled) lad; deterrine deflection from maximum load and check bearing capaciy. Notes: Load cases used in this example have been simpified for carly. Refer to NDS Section 1.4.4 for requirements on load combinations. 20' 10' (asv) WoaHo ALIOvd¥o Wve aa1uoddns ATdWIS Copyright © american Wood Coune!. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transter authzed, AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Pee Re Ue eet co) EA. ‘Simply Supported Beam Capacity Check (ASD} ‘ASolect Structural Douglas Fi-Larch (DF-L) norrinal 4X16 beam on a 20 ft span supports a hoist cated at the cconter of the span. Determine the maximum alowable load on the hoist (nduding its weigh!) based on bending. Assume normalload duration. The beam is supported on a 2x4 top plate. Lateral supports provided only at the ends of the member and the ends are considered pinned Check beans capacty to resist shear stress from maximum (moment controled) load; deterrine deflection from maximum load and check bearing capacty. Notes: Load cases used in this example have been simpified for carly. Refer to NDS Section 1.4.4 for requirements on load combinations. Reference and Adjusted Design Values for 4x16 Select Structural DF-L (size adjusted 4x12 values) Fy = 1500s E:= 1900000-psi Emin = 690000 psi (Tabie 44) Fjp= OSs Fy = 180-ps cp Cueto C10 is c Gs 10 Ge p= 1.0 (Table 4A 14" and wider) Eee Emin Emin arr r 1900000psi En = 690000 psi ‘Member dimensions and properties Lis 20-4 b= 3.Sin ds 15.25-in pearing = 35:in_ (wih of bearing) 2 ba? bd Aga bd sate 2 6 5338in? $= 135.66-in? Age S338iN | $= 135.66+i Beam Stability Factor Pye Fy Cp CeCe Or Cc Fy" is adusted bencing design value with al adjustment factors except the beam stabil factor C, and fat use factor Cy, applied. Lateraly unsupported length \ya>7 (Table 33.3) Ig:= 137, +34 1g = 375-in (Table 33.3) Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) Rp = 216 Slondomess rabo for bending (3:3-5) Fup = 1776psi Critical bucking design value for bending (3.7.1) ‘Adjusted bending design value wih al adjustment factors Determine Maximum Moment Allowed on Beam (asv) WoaHo ALIOvd¥o Wve d314oddns ATdWIS ‘Maximum total moments the adjusted bending design value F, mes the section modulus S 4849.6 Ibe Determine Maximum Hoist Load P Maximum hoist oad P is determined from subtracting moment due to beam weight from the maximum total mament ‘alowed on the beam and soWing for hoist ad P. Load P creates a moment on beam length L of PLi4. Assume density of beam materials 37-5 Ibs (110% of tabulated of the spectic gravity G for Southern Pine) 13.9-plf Note: “beamweight Woarvigt eff weight of beam *eamnweight *eamweight Mysarmageis momont duo to sof Mycamweight’=——, —__ Mbeamweight = 6°5-F-lbf weight Moy 8 PaXiUM alowable Matlow = Mmax ~ Mbeamweight Mallow = 14154-ftlbé moment due to applied hoist load Matiow 1 Result: ‘The total allowable concentrated moment-imited midspan load (hoist plus payload) is, P= 2831be Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL En) Pee Re Ue eet co) bd yy CCC \y = 180psi Fy okay (Check Compression Perpendicular to Grain at Bearing Points ww —_ fey = 1Spet ot bWhearing om : Pos FerCarrG Por 25 psi Kis Fe Olay Note: NDS Section 4.3.12 allows F,,| to be increased by C,, as specified in Section 3.10.4. Thatincrease was, notused in this example, Check Deflection ‘Total deflection is the combination of deflection from beam weight and deflection from the applied crane load. Defleciion from beam weight is considered long term deflacion. Deflection from crane load may be considered short-term. 5 Noeamweight (, , in Socamveicht™ 33.57 a ( 2) Aveam_weight = 9.025-in ar) P a 4 da(22) 4 = 0415-in crane lead” Geer (| erane_load total = Abeam weight * Serane load Atoral = 044in Calculate SpanDeflection Ratio it Ube ratio Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) E1.2b - Simply Supported Beam Capacity Check (LRFD) ‘ASeloct Structural Douglas Fir-Larch (DF-L) nominal 4X16 beam on a 20 ft span supports a hoist located at the center of the span. Determine the maximum allowable load on the hoist nctuding ts weight) based on bending. Assume load combination 1,20+1.6L apples (\=0.8). The beam supported on a 24 top plate. Lateral supportis provided only at the ends of the member and the ends are considered pinned. Check beam's capacity to resist shear stress from maximum (moment controlled) load; determine deflection ‘from maximum load and check bearing capacity. Notes: |Load cases used inthis example have been simpified for clariy. Refer to NDS Section 1.44 for requirements ‘on load combinations. 20' 10' (2487) WOo3HO ALIOVdV9 IY G3LNOddNs ATAWIS. Copyright © american Wood Coune!. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transter authzed, AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Pe ee Ue get) E1.2b su Beam C: Check (LRFD) ‘ASolect Structural Douglas Fi-Larch (DF-L) norrinal 4X16 beam on a 20 ft span supports a hoist cated at the cconter of the span. Determine the maximum alowable load on the hoist (nduding its weigh!) based on bending. Assume load combination 1.2D+1.6L applies (A-0.8). The beam is supported on a 2x4 top plate. Lateral supports provided only atthe ends of the member and the ends are considered pinned, Check beans capacty to resist shear stress from maximum (moment controled) load; deterrine deflection from maximum load and check bearing capacty. Notes: Load cases used in this example have been simpified for carly. Refer to NDS Section 1.4.4 for requirements on load combinations. Reference and Adjusted Design Values for 4x16 Select Structural DF-L (size adjusted 4x12 values) Fy = 1500-psi E = 1900000-psi Ein = 690000:psi (Tabie 44) Fo = 625-psi F, = 180-psi d= 08 Cy = 10 cys 10 Cy i= 10 Gy c= 10 cy Cpi= 10. (Table 4A 14" and wider) Kpp i= 2.54 = 0.85 ‘Subscript"b" denotes bending, 'V" denotes Kpy i= 2.88 y= 0.75 shear, "¢ 1" denotes compression perpendicular to grain Rpg 8.1 = 090 Kpemin= 176 Emin" 85 Ee rS | Fimin= Emin a CeCe Cr SPEmin Emin 1900000 psi—Eyyin = 1082240 psi and b 4 beating = 35:in (width of bearing) 2 Ags bd sabe 6 S=135.66:in° Beam Stability Factor Fy adjusted bencing desion value wit al adjustment Pye = Fy Cr Cr Cr Ge Ce py by factors except the beam stabilty factor C, and flat use factor Pope 2s01 Cy, applied. The folowing calculations deterrine the beam ¥ me stabity factor C,: Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloadedrinted pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) 7 Lateraly unsupported length 1 = 157 [d >? (Table 33.3) 375.in (Table 33.3) Stendemess rato for bending (3:3-5) Critical bucking design value for bending (3.7.1) Fp is adjusted bending design value with all adjustment factors, Determine Maximum Moment Allowed on Beam ‘Maximum total moments the adjusted bending design value Fy, tmes the section modulus S Mnag= Fo Mmax ae ® 24230-f bE Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Fry (2487) WOo3HO ALIOVdV9 IY G3LNOddNs ATAWIS. Evy Pe ee Ue get) Determine Maximum Hoist Load P Maximum hoist iad P is determined from subtracting moment due to beam weight from the maximum total moment allowed on the beam and solving for hoist bad P. Load P creates a moment on beam length L of PL/4. Assume density of beam materials 37-5 bbs (110% of tabulated of the specfic gravity G for Southem Pine) Note: nist naj to wight beam ai *eamweight Meczrnuagti8 Moment due to self weight Mgjoy 8 maximum alowable ‘moment due to appied hoist oad = 13.9-plr *beamwcight 2 1 2¥beamweight (!) 7 Micamweight = 824+f1bf 1.2 factor for load combination 1.2D+1 61. applied here M, max ~ Mbcamweight M, = 23396-8bF allow 1.8 factor forload combination 1.2D+4.8L applied here Result: ‘The total allowable concentrated moment-limited midspan load (hoist plus payload) is 25 bf Check Beam's Capacity to Resist Shear from Maximum (bending controlled) Load 18 seledcrappedharcbrhebad v= 2u0Ke av “ 66 psi are & = 660: Cer Ey hy #,-3t1 pi (20K Check Compression Perpendicular to Grain at Bearing Points fy = 91 psi Pos = Fer Cw Cr Ci Bren Gen ¥,) ml fas Fey OK Note: NDS Section 4.3.12 allows F. to be inoreased by C, as specified in Section 3.10.4. That increase was not used in this example. Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) Check Deflection ‘Total deflection is the combination of deflection from beam weight and deflection from the applied crane load. Deflection from beam weight is considered long term deflection. Deflection from crane load may be considered short-term. : Abcam weight = 35,57 oeam_weight : tal total = Steam weight * Scrane_load Arotal = 0-454-in Calculate SpanvDeflection Ratio 4 ft 29 UB gy Fatio Arotal Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL (2487) WOo3HO ALIOVdV9 IY G3LNOddNs ATAWIS. ET Pet uC) Et. Glued Laminated Timber Beam Design (ASD) Design a simple roof supporting beam spanning 32 f, with 5000 b loads (1000 lb dead load (DL) + 4000 bb snow toad (SL)) applied by purlns at fton center (at 1/4 points pis the ends). Member has lateral supports atthe ends and compression edge supports atthe purin locations. Beam supports are 6 inches long, ‘Assume dry service Condlions. Temperature is ess than 100 degrees (F) but occasionally may reach 150 degrees (F). Use 24F-1.8E structural ged laminated (glam) Souther Pine timber. Notes: Load cases used in this example have been simpified for carly. Refer to NDS Section 1.44 for requirements on load combinations. of ot Fi tT Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) EA. lued Laminated Timber Beam Design (ASD) Design a simple roof supporting beam spanning 32 f, with 5000 fb loads (1000 bb dead load (DL) + 4000 fb snow load (SL)) applied by purins at 8 fon center (at 1/4 points plus the ends). Member has lateral supports atthe ends and compression edge supports at the purin locations. Beam supports are 6 inches long, Assume dry service conditions. Temperature i ess than 100 degrees (F) but occasionally may reach 150 degrees (F). Use 24F-1 BE structural glued laminated (glulam) Southem Pine timber. Notes: Load cases used inthis example have been simpiied for carly. Refer to NDS Section 1.4.4 for requirements on load combinations. Reference and Adjusted Design Values for 24F-1,8E structural glued laminated softwood timber Figs = 2400-psi Figg '= 1450.psi (NDS Supplement Table 5A) Foye 650-psi Fyq = 265-psi Fy M100-psi Fy s= 1600-psi Ex = 1800000-psi Exmin = 950000-psi p= 1s Cy=lo | = 10 Temp up to 150 degrees F only occasionally Cfa= LO Ce 10 cy 10 Cys 10 Cy Lo (NDS Table 53.1) Exe, Pamin™= Exmin' Met Note: E, notation has changed 10 Eegp for 2018 NDS 800000 psi 950000 psi Member length and properties d= 324 b= Sin d= 30.25.ia _ Inial teration Note: Beam length designated as ower case |instead of upper case L used in the Speofication nomenclature bd Sex 6in support * 513i” Spy Beam Stability Factor Hartt ne Gy GyeGeO se FF," adjusted bonding design value wit all adjustment factors except the beam stabil factor C, fat use factor Cy, Fost = 2760p and volume factor Cy applied. Lateraty unsupported length y= Sty (Table 3.33) ‘Slenderness ratio for bending (3.3-5) Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL a7 (Sv) Noiszq Wvaa UBSWL GaLYNIWYT Gant ery Pet uC) Fp = 6373 psi Cical bucking design value for bending (3.3.3.8) Note: C, must be < 1.0 por NDS 5.34 x= 20 Southem Pine 1 1 Win) ($.195-in é » and C, shal not apply simulatenousl (6.3.5). Cyis less than G,. Gycontrols (cr Yi fu v)) 584 psi Fis adusted bending design value with all adjustment factors. v= [rm ¥ Assume Beam Weight and Determine Section Modulus Required to Resist Bending Wood density can be estimated based on NDS Supplement 3.1.3. Maximum total moment is the adjusted bending design value F', mes the section modulus, S Ibe “heamweiaht = 40 Estimated set weight of beam = S00 Load fom pun wy P Mays [rt + Teme arr a Mest Stead = Fo Spoqd = 395 re Spent 8 < 762.6 in? s0 try a smaller section for efficiency Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) TryaSX22member Beam dimension for tial section. Subscript used to denote second iteration body? I, bya = 5 Tyga = 4437-in" Rap ‘Slenderness ratio for bending (3.3-5) by 120-E smn CCical bucking design value for bending (333.8) 2 Rao Note: C, must be < 1.0 per NDS 5.34 © and G, shal not apply simuiatonously (53.5). Cyis less than C,. Cy controls Fis adjusted bending design value wath all adjustment factors forthe tial section considered, ‘Self weight for 5 X22 beam estimated per NDS ‘Supplement 3.1.3, Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Et (Sv) Noiszq Wvaa UBSWL GaLYNIWYT Gant Pet uC) 1006080 inf Sread2 383 in3< 403 in? Okay Sroqd2 = Shear Parallel to Grain “The two 5000 pound purin lads atthe ends ofthe beam are within" (4.3:(@)), Shear determined ftom remaining purin ads ‘of the supports and can be ignored for shear _3P Ypuclins = Vpurtins = 7500166 Voeamweight? = “beamweight? ( i (+a 417.5 Ibe Voeamweight2 purlins * Vocamweight? 7918 Ibe Adjusted (F,’) and Actual f) Shear Parallel to Grain Cy 10 (NDS 5.3.10) Fee Cp Curr Cer {y< Fy Actual shear stress paralel to grain less than adjusted OK beige Compression Perpendicular to Grain At Bearing Ends ‘Tho bearing ends of he beam transmit the purin loads so the two 5000 pound purin loads at the ends of the bean are included in the bearing load calculations isp Rpuulins = 5 Rpurtins = 12500 Ibe 1 of support Ryeamweight2 = 5 Wbeamweight2'|! + 2| > Ryeamweight2 ~ 487-5 Ibt Reotal = Rpurlins * Rheamweight2 Copyright © Amarican Wood Coune!. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) otal ee fel barlsupport fop= 33 pal ‘Actual compression stess perpendioular to gran is ess than the adjusted compression perpendicular to gran design vale OK At Purlins Purlns are supported by saddle siyle hangers that transfer commpressive loads tothe top of the beam. Determine the area of the hangers requied to support each purin without creating actual compression stresses greater than the adjusted compression perpendicular to gran design value Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL a (Sv) Noiszq Wvaa UBSWL GaLYNIWYT Gant Pet uC) 'A3-1/8 wide purin hangers adequate. Note: The compression perpendicular o grain design value F, can be increased by the bearing area factor Cy (5.3.12). For 3 inch bearing the factors: 4, + 0375-in ly=3in Cy= 2 7 Cy = 125 lb a hanger = 2.735- cy hanes Using the bearing factor C,,confrms that a 3 inch wide hanger aoross the beam would be adequate, this stage of the caculaions, the span of the beam can be reviewed. The 32 foot span was based on the center to center distance between supports. The length of the span used in design i the face to face distance lus 1/2 of the required bearing length atthe ends (3.2.1). Inthe example, the face to face distance is 32 fl minus 6 inches or 31.5 feet. At the end of the beam the required bearing distance is 12,998 Ibs/(5 inches * 650 psi) or 4 inches. At the interior face, haff the purin lads assumed to be transferred to the beam end. Required length in bearing s (2500 lbs + 7500 Ibs + 488 lbs) inches * 650 Psi) or 3.25 inches. The two required bearing lengths and the face to face distance produces a span of 31.5 + 112 (4.00/12) + 1/2 (3.25/12) or 31 8 foot which 99.4% of the conter to conter span. The shorter span reduces moments and bending strasses by 1.25%. The reduction is considered insufficient to alow the use of the next ‘smaller beam, Deflection ‘The spectication does not include specific deflection lis for roofs. In some applications, deflections may be crtical and the designer may wish to mit deflectons. For this example, a defection mt of L/240 has been selected. Dead load deflection is usualy calculated to determine the desired camber of the beam. The recommended camber is usually 150% of the dead load deflection. Deflection for the 5000 bb concentrated loads and the beam weight is: “beamweight2 | (\ in\* 5 Necamveight {ioe ft) Abeamweight : Aveamweight = 0:089-in A camber = 0375in total = Apurtin + Sbeamweight ~ Scamber nal SS pertin © samsight bet Note: fortis example 3" camber villbe specified Agotal = 1468-0 LengthvDeflection Ratio re & Arotal UA>240. The length deflection ratio satisfies spectiod criteria Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) EA. Compression Members and Column Stability Calculation (ASD) ‘Compare the axial compression capacity of@ nominal 4x4 and nominal 6x6 post being used for an interior column (only carrying gravity loads - dead load (DL) + foor Wve oad (LL)). Both ‘members are No.2 Southem Phe and have a length of 10 feet. Both ends are assumed to be pinned (K,=1.0- NDS 3771.2). Assume al members are loaded concentrically Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Pa (sv) NOLWIND WO ALITIEVIS NINN109 GNY SUZEWEW NOISSauaWIOD 24 Pee Ua gore ty) E1.4- Compression Members and Column Stability Calculation (ASD) ‘Compare the axial compression capac of a nominal 4x4 and nominal 6x6 post being used for an interior column (only carrying gravity bads - dead load (DL) + foor Ive load (LL). Both ‘members are No. 2 Southem Pine and have a length of 10 feet. Both ends are assumed to be pinned (K,=1.0-NDS 37.1.2). Assume all members are loaded concentrically Reference and Adjusted Design Values -4x4 Post em 480psi (NDS Supplement Table 48) E:= 1400000psi Epi = $10000psi cp= 10 Size factor (NDS Supplement Table 4B) Moisture factor (NDS Supplement Table 48) Temperature facior (NDS Table 2.3.3) Incising factor (NDS Table 4.3.8) Bucking Siifness factor (NDS 4.4.2) Load Duration factor (NDS Table 2.3.2) 14x 10% psi Eimin:= Eppin'CyCyCyCy- Emiin= 5.1 10° psi == 3.5in ‘Actual member dimensions = 3.5" x3.5° Length KyLength Needs to be ess than 50 (NDS 3.7.1.3) Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) Column Stability Factor Calculation (0.822-E'min) Fy (NDs37.1) 450-psi (NDs37.4) p= 0232 ‘Axial Buckling Capacity = Fe CaCO Cp Gp 336-psi Pow FyArea P= 412000F Bearing Capacity 336 psi ‘Actual compression stress parallel to grain assuming column loaded to 100% calculated 0.75-F ys = 1088 psi buckling capacity {-isless than F* (NDS 3.10.1) 50 bearing paral to grains OK. {less than 0.75 F,", 80 no rigid bearing insert is required per NDS 3.10.1.3 Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL oy (sv) NOLWIND WO ALITIEVIS NINN109 GNY SUZEWEW NOISSauaWIOD Pee Ua gore ty) Reference and Adjusted Design Values - 6x6 Post Reference and Adjusted Design Values - 6x6 Post Iota aubeeip cates Oe differentiates between 6x8 and 4x4 properties and calculations Hye O60 (NDS Supplement Table 4D) +40000psi ‘Size factor (NDS Supplement Table 4D) Moisture factor (NDS Supplement Table 4D) ‘Temperature factor (NDS Table 2.3.3) Inesing factor (NDS Tabi 43.8) Bucking Stifness factor (NDS 4.4.2) Load Duration factor (NDS Table 2.3.2) 1.2% 10% psi Fy Cyr Ca Cin E E, 5 Cn Cary 4.4 105 psi dy = Sin ° ‘Actual member dimensions = 5.5°x5.5" “Area = 30.2Sin” Ky 10 Length = 120in = Kyy Lengthy = 120-in 1g 28 4) Needs to be less than 60 (NDS 37.1.3) Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) Column Stability Factor Calculation 60:psi_ = (NDS37.1) psi Cp) = 0.801 Axial Buckling Capacity Poa = FexCp2Cyr Ca Cp2 C22 42L-psi 421 psi Actual compression stress parallel to grain assuming column loaded to 100% calculated buckling capacity {is ess than F,* (NDS 3.10.1) so bearing parallel to grain is OK. {is greater than 0.75 F., so rigid bearing insert such as 20 gage metal plate is required per NDS3.10.1.. 4xd Post Capacity = 4120 Ibs (no bearing plate required) 6x6 Post Capacity = 12725 bbs (bearing plate required) Note: for eccentrisaly laaded columns, see NDS Chapter 15, Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL (sv) NOLWIND WO ALITIEVIS NINN109 GNY SUZEWEW NOISSauaWIOD Pe LeU tt) E4.5a - Compression Member Analysis (ASD) ‘ANo 2 Spruce Pino Fir (SPF) nominal 2X6 interior baaring stud, 91.5 inches long, sheathed on both sides with ‘gypsum board, carries dead load and snow load from the roof. Determine Cp and the allowable compression parallel to grain design value (F.)for the stud. Assume studs are placed 16% on center and top and bottom plates are the same grade and species. Determine axial loads based on bucking and bearing mit states, 7'7 1/2" Copyright © American Wood Council Downloadediprinied pursuant to Licanse Agreement. No reproduction or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) E1.5a - Compression Member Analysis (ASD) ‘ANo 2 Spruce Pine Fr (SPF) nominal 2XB interior bearing stud, 91.5 inches long, sheathed on both sides with gypsum board, carries dead load and snow load from the roof. Determine Cp and the alowable compression Parallel to grain dasign value (F,’) for the stud. Assume studs are placed 16" on conter and top and bottom plates are the same grade and species. Determine axial oads based on bucking and bearing it states, Reference and Adjusted Design Values for No. 2 SPF 2x6 F, 1150-psi Emi 510000-psi Fey = 425psi_ (NDS Table 4A) 1S Cy 10 Ce 0 Cpe ll C= 10 Cp= 10 (NDSTable43.1) Cae E Emin Cy Cy Cy Cy xin 510000 psi Por FerCrrG 25 psi ‘Member length and properties 1 1.5-in bes Lin = 5sin Column Stability Factor Fey Cur Cer C; Fs adjusted bending design value wit all adjustment factors except the column stabilty factor C, 455 psi Effective lengths of compression member in planes of lateral support. Strong axis buckling controls. See NDS A113 regarding lateral support ofthe weak axis due to gypsum sheathing. = Agee |<50 OK (NDS 3.7.1.4) Fog = 1515psi Critical bucking design vaive for compression mombers (37.1.5) Sawn lumber (3.7.1.5) Colum Stabity Factor (3.7-1) Fis adjusted compression parallelto grain design value with all adjustment factors. Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL (asv) SiSkIVNV 43EWW3W NOIssaudWoo Pe LeU tt) Determine Axial Loads Based on Buckling and Bearing PBuckli Buckling Picaring Ppaaring Perpondicular to grain bearing Ppearing? Pyearing? = 120021bf Paralllo gran bearing Note: Bearing area factor (C,) can be used to increase the bearing controlled load on interior studs. The bearing factor for the 1-1/2 bearing lenath measured paral! to grain s 1.25 (Equation 3.10-2 and Table 3.10.4) q > Prearinglncreased fe’ Prearinglucreased = #383!6f — Controling Vata Note: With a 3:1 snow to dead load ratio, this translates to 3287 lbs snow load and 1,096 lbs dead load. Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) E ompression Member Analysis (LRFD) ‘ANo 2 Spruce Pine Fr (SPF) nominal 2X6 interior bearing stud, 91.5 inches long, sheathed on both sides with gypsum board, caries dead load and snow load from the roof (assume load combination 1.20 + 1.68, \=0.8). Determine Cp and the alowable compression parallel to grain design value (F)for the stud. Assume studs are placed 16" on center and top and bottom plates are the same grade and species. Determine axial ads based (on bucking and bearing it states. 7'7 1/2" Copyright © American Wood Council Downloadediprinied pursuant to Licanse Agreement. No reproduction or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL ery (aut) SiSATWNV 4aSINBW NoIsszuaWwoo Evy 4.5B COMPRESSION MEMBER ANALYSIS (LRFD) E1.5b - Compression Member Analysis (LRFD) ‘ANo 2 Spruce Pine Fir (SPF) nominal 2X6 interior bearing stud, 91.5 inches long, sheathed on both sides with ‘gypsum board, carries dead load and snow load from the roof (assume load combination 1.2 + 1.68, A=0.8) Determine Cand the allowable compression paralel to grain design value (F,') for the stud. Assume studs are placed 16" on center and top and bottom piates are the same grade and species. Determine axialloads based ‘on bucking and bearing lint states. Reference and Adjusted Design Values for No. 2 SPF 2x6, 1150-psi 10000-psi F, (NDS Tabie 44) eL A=08 Cy 10 C= 10 Cp (NDS Table 4.3.1 and Appendix N) Elgig = 762960psi Por = ForterCrC:KerGep Pep = 638.775 psi ‘Member lenath and properties. Lis 91S.in bis L Sia dss SSin Column Stability Factor Foe = Fe Cy CeCe Cy Kpe bed F "is adjusted bending design value with all adjustment factors except the column stabity factor Cp 2186 pi Effective lengths of compression member in planes of tateral Support. Strang axis buckling controls <50 OK (NDS 37.1.4) Critical bucking design value for compression members (NDS 3.7.1.5) Sawn lumber (NDS 3.7.1.5) Colurmn Stabity Factor (NDS 3.7-1) Cp=0.703 Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) (FerCe) 1537 psi Ff adjusted compression design value wih al adjustment factors. Determine Axial Loads Based on Buckling and Bearing PBuckling = b-d-F Packing ~ 12683 [bf PBearing = 64Fo PRearing = 52701bf —_Perpondicular to grain bearing "Bearing? = U6 Foe Ppearing? = 18034Ibf Paralelto grain bearing Note: Bearing area factor (Cy) can be used to increase the bearing controlled load on interior studs. The bearing factor for the 1-1/2 bearing length measured parallel to grain is 1.25 (NDS Equation 3.10-2 and Table 3.10.4) y= 125 borer Cy S87 Ib PRosringlneroased PBearinglnereased Controting Value Note: With a 3:1 snow to dead load ratio, this translates to 3294 Ibs snow load and 1098 Ibs dead load. Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL 33 (aut) SiSATWNV 4aSINBW NoIsszuaWwoo RR Ue) E1.6 - Combined Bending and Axial Tension Loading of a Truss Chord Member (ASD) ‘ANo. 2 Hom-Firnorrinal 2x8 is considered for use as the bottom chord of a 24-ftroof truss (12 ft behween panel Points). The chord wile subject to a uniform dead load of 8 psf as well as tension forces (assuming pinned connections) of 880 lb from roof wind loads (WL), 880 bb from roof lve (RL) and 1420 bb from dead loads (DL). Trusses are to be spaced 4 fion center. Framing wil have a 19% (max) moisture content. Check the adequacy of the bottom chord member for bending and tension for the appropriate load cases. Note: Load cases used in this example have been sinpified for cary. Refer to NDS Section 1.4.4 for requirements on load combinations. Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) E1.6 - Combined Bending and Axial Tension Loading of a Truss Chord Member (ASD) ANo. 2 Hem-Fi nominal 2x8 is considered for use as the bottom chord of a 24-ftroof truss (12 f between panel points). The chord wilbe subject to a uniform dead load of 8 psfas well as tension forces (assuming pinned ‘connections) of 880 lb from roof wind loads (WL), 880 bo ftom roof lve (RLL) and 1420 lb rom dead loads (DL). ‘Trusses are to be spaced 4 fton center. Framing wif have a 19% (max) moisture content. Check the adequacy cof the bottom chord member for bending and tension for the appropriate load cases. Note: Load cases used in this example have been simpitied for clay. Refer to NDS Section 1.4.4 for requirements on load combinations. Reference and Adjusted Design Values for No.2 Hem Fi 2x8 880-psi EF (NDS Supplement Table 4A) 300000-psi (NDS Table 4.3.1) Eis B€ypCyC Exain = Emin Cr CeCe Cr E’= 1300000 psi ‘min = 470000 psi ‘Member length and properties Dk a:= 725-in 10.87Sin $= 13.181in° Applied Loads be Wap = ft 1420.tbE v Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL (Sv) NoIsNaL TIX ANY BNIGNaE GaNIEINOD Load Case 1: DL+RLL+WL cpH16 Tension Fe Freep Cy Gy Cp Cy Fe = 1008-psi T= Twind + Tive + Teed 3180:1bE FY'= 1008-psi Frye Fy Cy Oe Or Sy Pye = 1632psi Determine Beam Stability Factor C, 144.in 2-199 4 [p= 163-ly + 3-4 Rp = 28.75 Fup = 682psi RR Ue) NDS Appendix 8 Section B.2 (non-mandatory) ‘Adjusted tension parallel to grain design value for short duration loads (NDS 2.3.1 and 4.3.1) Subsorpts refer o Load Case ‘Tensile stress in bottom chord ‘Actual tension stress is loss than adjusted tension parallel to design value. OK (NDS 3.8.1) Fy" adjusted bending design value wih al adjustment {actors except the beam stabilly factor C, and flat use factor C;, applied. The folowing cakulations determine the beam stabily factor C: (NDs3.33) Lateraly unsupported length (7 (NDS Table 3.3.3) (NDS Table 3.3.3) Rg <0 OK (NDS 3.3.3.7) (nDs3.336) (NDS Equation 3.3-6) Resuiting beam stabil factor). Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) Py Pye CCA, Fis the fuly adjusted bending design value with al ‘adjustment factors including the beam stabilly factor C, Pry = 660i and fat use factor applied Potts Py, ‘Since C does not apply to sod sawn lumber, Fy" equalto F, Pt = 660psi Moe Bending resultng from dead load Imax = a Myngy = 6912-in‘lbF Manas fy fy = S26psi ve fp = S260: fy = 526-psi Py, = 660-psi (Ok. Actual bending stress f, does not exceed adjusted bending design value F, ‘Combined Bending and Axial Tension 1.0. Ok (NDS Equation 3.9-1) 1.0 ok (NDS Equation 3.9-2) Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL (Sv) NoIsNaL TIX ANY BNIGNaE GaNIEINOD RR Ue) Load Case 2: DL¢RLL “p ‘Appendix B Section B.2 (non-mandatory). Roof ive Load i a construction load. Tension Fes Fey Cy CCPC ‘Adjusted tension paralel'o gran design value for short duration loads (NDS 2.3.1 and 43.1) 787.5-psi T= Thive + Mead 1, = 2300:bf fig= 2lL-psi EY = 787-psi Poe = Fy Ca Car Cer Gy Pi, = 649-psi Pore Pt = 649 psi §, = 526-psi Pi, = 649-psi ‘Combined Bending and Axial Tension § » 068 <1. ok 048 <1.00k Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) Load Case 3: DL only T3* Tend T, = Lazo.toe 2 srt . (57 psi Pye = 918 psi Py Foe Cy-Cgy Fy, = 619-psi Ft » Fore 619 psi 526-psi Py, = 619-psi Combined Bending and Axial Tension 7 Results: No 2 HemFr 2 x8 salisies NDS Criteria for combined bending and axial tension. <1.0. ok <1.0 0k Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Er (Sv) NoIsNaL TIX ANY BNIGNaE GaNIEINOD Be UT to) 1,7 - Combined Bending and Axial Compression (ASD) ‘No. 1 Southem Pine nominal 2x6 bearr-columns are being designed to carry an axial compressive load of 840 'b (snow) and 560 lb (dead) plus 2 25 psf wind load on their narrow face. Colurmns are 9ftlong and spaced 4 footo.. Their ends are held in positon and lateral support is provided along the entire narrow face. Check the adequacy of the bearr-column for bending and compression for the appropriate load cases. Notes: Load cases used in this example have been simpified for carly. Refer to NDS Section 1.4.4 for requirements on load combinations. The column being considered fs not subjected to especialy severe sorvice conditions or extraordinary hazard, | I Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Ba a ne) EA. Combined Bending and Axial Compression (ASD) 'No. 1 Southem Pine nominal 2x6 beam-columns are being designed to carry an axial compressive load of 840 'b (snow) and 560 lb (dead) plus 2 25 psf wind load on their narrow face. Columns are 9 ftlong and spaced 4 footo.c. Their ends are held in positon and lateral support is provided along the entire narrow face. (Check the adequacy of the bear-column for bending and compression for the appropriate ad cases. Notes: |Load cases used in his example have been simpified for carly. Refer to NDS Section 1.4.4 for requirements on load combinations. The column being considered is not subjected to especially severe service conditions or extraordinary hazard, Reference and Adjusted Desion Values for No, 1 Southemn Pine 2x6 1350.psi E 1600000-psi yy = $80000-psi (NDS Supplement Table 4B) 18S0-psi — Cyp= 10 ¢ (NDS Table 4.3.1) Flat use factors are for weak axis bending, However, since lateral 10 c= 08 support is provided along the entire narrow face, Ci,= 1.0 factor “cin column stabily factor Cp, equation for sawn lumber. (3.7.1) Emin rey Cr ‘580000 psi snow = S40-IBE — Phyggg *= 560-IbE Load applied to weak axis of beam column. In this example, no load is applied. Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL ce (asv) NoIssa¥dWoo TIX GNV ONIGN3S G3NIsWoo ery Be UT to) Load Case 1: DL+SL+WL cp 16 ‘Appendix 8 Secton B.2 (non-mandatory) ‘Compression Foes Foy Cy CeCe Gj Fis reference compression paralelto grain design value adjusted wih all adjustment factors except the column Fi pt stabil factor Cp. The folowing caleulatons determine the column stabity factor Cy Fenow * Poead Subscrpts refer to Load Cas 14001be Zh, ‘Actual compression stress in beam column Determine Effective Lengths and Critical Buckling Design Values Buckling length coefficient Ke for rotation freeltransiation fixed (pinnedipinned) column (NDS Appendix G Table G1) Beam dimensions, laterally unsupported lengths (Figure 3F) and effective column lengths (NDS 3.7.1) for buckling in each direction. Subscript {is song (but unsupported) axis; Subscript 2 isthe weak but laterally supported axis, Effective lengths in each axis. L,p can be assumed to equal 0 perNDSA113, 108-in Controling effective length Critical bucking design value for compression member (NDS 37.1) Rg= 16 Slendemess rato for bending (NDS 3.35) Ciiical bucking design value for bending (NDS 3.7.1) Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproducton or transfer authorized AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL Determine Column Stability Factor C, Po Fy Cp Cw er i 2160psi Po 2 strong’ *trib) ! 1 M, ‘max z Muay} = 12150+in IbE fy = fy) = 1607 psi Fy = 2160psi ‘Combined Bending and Axial Compression ve? uy, __ ts yy = 1607 psi Colurm Stabity Factor (3.7-1) Adjusted compression parallel to grain design value ‘Actual compression stress f, does not exceed adiusted compression design value F, Depth to breadth (db) rato (82 =3.0). 2

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