COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

1. INTRODUCTION

Modified and Presented by: Dr.Yassamin Khalid

Written by: Mr. Aza Hani Shukri
Civil Engineering Department, UoD.
Wed 4TH APRIL 2018 PRESENTATION’S OBJECTIVES
 Introduction:
1-Questionnaire 2-Definitions 3-User, Program and Programmer Relationship
 Programming Languages: History and Parts
 Why Do Engineers Need to Study Programming
 Programming Steps and an Illustrated Example
 Algorithms: Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
 Flow Charts: Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
 Course Information: Goals, Grading Model, Recommended References, The Course Work and Course
Outlines
 General Notes
2
QUESTIONNAIRE

 What is a computer program?

 What is computer programming?

3
DEFINITIONS

 A program is a sequence of instructions that tell a computer

to do a particular task.

 A program is a set of step-by-step instructions that directs

the computer to do tasks that are wanted to be done and
produce the required results.

 Programming is creating a sequence of instructions to enable

the computer to do something.

4
USER, PROGRAM AND PROGRAMMER RELATIONSHIP

 A user is a person or group of persons that use a computer program.

USER PROGRAM PROGRAMMER

INPUT

CODING

OUTPUT

5
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

 A programming language is an artificial language

designed to communicate instructions to a
machine, particularly a computer.

 It’s a set of rules that provide a way of telling a

computer what operations to perform

6
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE HISTORY

 1-Low-Level languages 2- High-Level languages

 Programming languages are called "lower" or "higher," depending on how close they are to the language
the computer itself uses or to the language people use

 A computer program is generally written by a high level language

 compilers.
 Interpreter

7
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE PARTS

 Syntax: grammar rules for defining legal statements – what's grammatically legal?
 Semantics: what things mean – what do they compute?
 Statements: instructions that say what to do – compute values, make decisions, repeat sequences of
operations
 Variables: places to hold data in memory while program is running – numbers, text
 Most languages are higher-level and more expressive than the assembly language( Environment “editor,
compiler, debugger, builder… etc”)

8
WHY DO ENGINEERS NEED TO STUDY PROGRAMMING

 1- Simplify and speed up specific tasks at work.

 2- Programming is a necessary tool in research.
 3- Modern-day science and engineering is all about processing,
analyzing, and extracting insights from data.

9
PROGRAMMING STEPS

1 2 3 4 5
• Clarify the • Design a • Code the • Test the • Document
problem solution program program and
maintain
the
program

10
PROGRAMMING STEPS

 What is the problem?

 What are the desired inputs? What form are they in?
2 3 3 3
1.Clarify  • What
Designare
a the required outputs?
• Code the In what
• Test the form •will they be?
Document
the solution program program and
problem maintain
the
program

11
PROGRAMMING STEPS

 Write down the necessary steps to accomplish

1 3 the program 3goals (How to turn

3 inputs to the
• Clarify the outputs).
• Code the • Test the • Document
problem 2. Design program program and
a solution  Use an algorithm or flow chart.maintain
the
program

12
PROGRAMMING STEPS

Use the programming language

syntax to write the program in the
1 2 3 3
computer.
• Clarify the • Design a 3. Code • Test the • Document
problem solution the program and
program maintain
the
program

13
PROGRAMMING STEPS

Run the program and test it for selected cases and

values. Explore all the possibilities and eliminate
1 2 3 3
bugs. • Clarify the • Design a • Code the • Document
problem solution program 4.Test the and
program maintain
the
program

14
PROGRAMMING STEPS

 Document your program.

 Use
1 remarks (comments)
2 to explain
3 the various steps
3 of your
• Clarify the
program. • Design a • Code the • Test the
problem solution program program 5.Document
and maintain
the program

15
ILLUSTRATED EXAMPLE

Example: Write a program that calculates the area of any circle given its
diameter.

16
ILLUSTRATED EXAMPLE

STEP 1: Clarify the problem

 What is the problem (program goal):
Find the area of a circle of given diameter.

Diameter (D)
 What are the inputs?
The diameter of the circle (D) in certain units.

 What are the desired outputs? Area (A) in square units

The area of the circle (A) in squared units.
17
ILLUSTRATED EXAMPLE

STEP 2: Design a solution

 Get the value of D (input)
 Set the value of Pi=3.14159265
 Calculate the area of the circle A=Pi * D2/4 Diameter (D)
 Display the value of A (output)

Area (A) in square units

A=Pi * D2/4 18
ILLUSTRATED EXAMPLE

STEP 3: Design a solution

Dim D as Double, A as Double, Pi as Double

Pi=3.14159265 Diameter (D)
D=InputBox(“Enter the Diameter”)
A=Pi*D^2/4
MsgBox(A)

Area (A) in square units

19
ILLUSTRATED EXAMPLE

STEP 4: Test the program

STEP 5: Document and maintain the program

Diameter (D)

Area (A) in square units

20
ALGORITHMS

 In programming, algorithms are the set of well defined instructions in sequence to solve a program.

 To write A good algorithm:

1-Inputs and outputs should be defined precisely.
2-Each step in an algorithm should be clear and unambiguous.
3-The algorithm should be the most effective among many different ways to solve a problem.
4-An algorithm should not have computer code. Instead, the algorithm should be written in such a way
that, it can be used in similar programming languages.

21

SOURCE: http://www.programiz.com/article/flowchart-programming
ALGORITHM EXAMPLE I

Write an algorithm to add two numbers entered by user.

Step 1: Start

Step 2: Declare variables num1, num2 and sum.

Step 3: Read values num1 and num2.

Step 4: Add num1 and num2 and assign the result to sum.

sum←num1+num2

Step 5: Display sum

22

Step 6: Stop SOURCE: http://www.programiz.com/article/flowchart-programming

ALGORITHM EXAMPLE II

Write an algorithm to find the largest among three different numbers entered by user.

Step 1:
Start
Step 2:
Declare variables a,b and c.
Step 3:
Read variables a,b and c.
Step 4:
If a>b
If a>c
Display a is the largest number.
Else
Display c is the largest number.
Else
If b>c
Display b is the largest number.
Else 23
Display c is the largest number.
Step 5: Stop SOURCE: http://www.programiz.com/article/flowchart-programming
ALGORITHM EXAMPLE III

Write an algorithm to find all roots of a quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0.

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Declare variables a, b, c, D, x1, x2, rp and
ip;
Step 3: Calculate discriminant
D←b2-4ac
Step 4: If D≥0
r1←(-b+√D)/2a
r2←(-b-√D)/2a
Display r1 and r2 as roots.
Else
Calculate real part and imaginary part
rp←b/2a
ip←√(-D)/2a
24
Display rp+j(ip) and rp-j(ip) as roots
Step 5: Stop
SOURCE: http://www.programiz.com/article/flowchart-programming
FLOWCHARTS

 Definition: A flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm. Flowchart are very helpful

in writing program and explaining program to others.

25

SOURCE: http://www.programiz.com/article/flowchart-programming
FLOWCHART ELEMENTS
Symbol Purpose Description

Flow line Used to indicate the flow of logic by connecting symbols.

Terminal(Stop/Start) Used to represent start and end of flowchart.

Input/Output Used for input and output operation.

Processing Used for arithmetic operations and data-manipulations.

Used to represent the operation in which there are two alternatives,

Decision
true and false.

On-page Connector Used to join different flow line

Off-page Connector Used to connect flowchart portion on different page.
26
Used to represent a group of statements performing one processing
Predefined Process/Function
task.
SOURCE: http://www.programiz.com/article/flowchart-programming
27
FLOWCHART EXAMPLE I

Draw a flowchart to add two numbers entered by user.

28
FLOWCHART EXAMPLE II

Draw flowchart to find the largest among three different

numbers entered by user.

29
FLOWCHART EXAMPLE III

Draw a flowchart to find all the roots of a quadratic

equation ax2+bx+c=0

30
COURSE INFORMATION

31
COURSE INFORMATION: -GOALS

At the end of this course the students will:

 Understand the significant importance of computer programming for engineers.

 Analyse a given problem using algorithms and flowcharts.

 Learn the basic syntax of Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).

 Independently develop computer programs using the VBA in Microsoft Excel.

32
 COURSE INFORMATION:- GRADING MODEL

Item Grade Remarks

Homework Assignments 10 Minimum of 3 assignments.
Assessed on the basis of attendance to classes and completion
Class Activities 10
of classwork tasks.
Quizzes 10 Daily unannounced short quizzes (5-10 minutes)
Mid-Semester 30 Theory and practice combined.
Final Exam 40 Theory and practice combined.
Course Total 100

* This distribution is subject to change. The student will be notified if changes occurred.

33
COURSE INFORMATION: -RECOMMENDED REFERENCES

The recommended references for the course are:

1. John Walkenbach, “Excel VBA Programming for Dummies”, 2nd Edition, 2010.

2. John Green et al, “Excel® 2007 VBA Programmer’s Reference”, 2007.

3. Excel VBA Programming, http://homeandlearn.org/

34
COURSE INFORMATION :-THE COURSEWORK

 Work in the laboratory will be graded.

 Quizzes are expected in every lecture/laboratory session and they will be graded.

 Homework assignments will be graded.

 Avoid plagiarism.

35
COURSE INFORMATION :-THE COURSE OUTLINES

 Download course book.

 Browse reference.

 Submit assignments.

36
GENERAL NOTES
 Always have a notepad and a pen ready during sessions.

 Start practice right after the lecture.

 Prepare your computer for the course

1. Control Macro Settings:
Go to Excel Options Trust Center Trust Center Settings Macro Settings Disable all macros with
notification.

2. Display the Developer Tab

Go to Excel Options Customize Ribbon check  Developer under the Main Tabs list.

37
38