ENGLISH Based on Single National Curriculum 2022 y Sbis the categorical verdict of all: y/ the nations and great seers of the / / world that national progress depends // oweducatien and taining of the people. Siv Syed Ahmad Khaw Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahorepie Hg Habledy (In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.) se Sihgle National Curriculum 2022 LE E NATION, ONE CURRICULUM PUNJAB CURRICULUM AND TEXTBOOK BOARD, LAHOREThis textbook is based on Single National Curriculum 2022 and has been approved by the Board. All rights are reserved with the Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore. No part of this textbook can be copied, translated, reproduced or used for preparation of test papers, guidebooks, keynotes and helping books. © Shaukat Abbas, MPhil English © Aamir Mahmood Awan, MA En, dique, Assistant Professc om College for Women, Lahore © Sayedah Mahjabeen Zahra, Material D4velbper, British Council, Lahore. © Ms. Zobia Khan, Assesment Exper jab RGrston Commission, Lahore. © Ms. Tehmina Shehzadi, PST, noe chool, Ittehad Town, Lahore. Supervision Sis © Yusra Raees, SS Engl © Ms. Saima Ms. Farida _Depuyphtor Graphics: ct © Syeda Anjum Wasif » Zahoor Ellahi Gohar Publishers, 11 Urdu Bazar, LahorePreface This English textbook has been written for Grade 7 ht of the Single National Curriculum 2022. This textbooks aims to offer an innovative and graded approach to learning of the English language. This colourful book is easy to use both for students and teachers. All the stories and poems in the textbook are interesting, communicative, meaningful, enjoyable and helpful in building good reading habits in students. Following are some of the features of English 7. Special Features Four Skills This English textbook includes all the four basic skills ie. listening, speaking, reading and writing, This provides a sound grammatical base for students from the very beginning level. To improve the communicative level of students, every exercise has different situational dialogues encouraging students to speak with correct structures in their everyday life. The grammar will 2 the students great confidence to understand the Q grammatical structures of sentences, The port writing skils will encourage students to writ sentences, paragraphs and even essays ee en How to use this veg ' eS Te teachers ererequesteg A @n Sons steps before and during teBehib this 00k. Warm-up Activity Before starting fesson, the teacher will undertake a tivity and will ask the students to predict story or the poem by looking at the given prMures in the lesson. In this way, the students will get ready to learn about the lesson. While-reading Activity \While-reading questions aim at reviewing important points in the text. The teachers should ask such questions with a view to evaluate the concentration of the students in the lesson, Students may be asked to consult the glossary to find out the meanings of difficult words. In order to enhance the reading competency of students, the teacher should ask every student to read at least a paragraph. The teacher should make necessary corrections of pronunciation of the students while reading, Teacher's Note This English book provides guidelines not only for students but also for teachers on how they can properly guide the students in solving different activities given in the book Pre-reading, While-reading at All the three reading activi supportive in understand of students. Pre-rea for students. In this tested, While-reat t-reading ‘very helpful and comprehension level ties provide @ warm-up \eir prior knowledge is also jestions are very helpful for a teacher to jyslo¢Ppconcentration level of students in isin ‘given story. Post-reading questions are alsayery Nlpful to understand to what extent the st ve the understanding of the story or the ry he end of every story or poem, glossary has been Giese arep th meanings of eit Cs reaiearie aaa jing Illustrations illustrations used in this textbook are colourful and, attractive and fully match with the given matter. How to Solve Exercise The teachers should encourage students in solving ‘exercises by themselves. Fist, the teacher should teach the basic sounds of words. The concepts of digraph, trigraph and rhyming words should be given with examples. The teacher should also get feedback from students on the lesson taught in the form of solving exercises, The teacher should read the portion *Remember" to get an understanding of the given activity. Then the teacher should guide the students to solve the activity themselves. So far as te dialogue activity is concerned, the teacher should get students into pairs and ask them to prac tise the dialogue, The teacher should also guide the stu dents in pronouncing the dialogue with correct pronunciation and intonation. In this way, the students wil feel confident. NOT FOR SALE (PESRP)In “Reading and Critical Thinking” activities let the students read and solve the activities by themselves. If the students face any problems, the teacher should guide them. The same method may be applied in “Formal and Lexical Aspects of Language” activities. Teachers’ Guide How to Lecture? Lecturing Method Effective lecturing is the main part of the classroom. The main aim of lecturing is the dispersal of information. Lecturing is like spoon- feeding the students without developing their reasoning power unless used with different activities and exercises that cal for students’ participation, Carefully prepare the lecture to stimulate students’ intellectually and facilitate learning, + Make sure to alert the students by verbal or oral cues to more significant information. + Try to cover all the important points of the end of the lecture Students’ Engagement by Questioning + To engage students in the lecture, ask ‘questions at the end of each theme or subtopic. + Ask the thought-provoking en applicable to real-life seen Brainstorming ee + Ask students question row use their insights mal gained from the lectur Students’ Learnin! lecture and give a summary of the points att WY ssment from a Lecture + Engage th S in group activities. + Make su idents’ class participation. + Write dw the reflections after the activities. Engage the students in quizzes and written work Teaching by Discussion ‘Arrange the discussions among the students about the theme or subtopic so that they can exchange their views, ideas, opinions, reactions, experiences, and conclusions with each other. + Prepare for discussion by choosing a question ora problem on the topic, change it to a question form, Le. what are the main reasons for global warming? What can we do to clean NOT FOR SALE (PESRP) As far as "Writing Skills’ activities are concerned, the students should be asked to write short sentences of the given words. Then, they should be given small topics with the help of the given words. In this way, the students will be able to write a lengthy note on the given topic. our city? + Give students time to think and give a proper answer to the question. + Summarize the discussior the proper conclusion + Use different ways learning. For es in Venn diagra end and give iscussion the students’ gage the students folios, fieldwork, mind [ow charts, graphs and maps, pie cl neta rote g “ooperative Learning re and conduct the role-plays. Determine pose of the role-play. Write a role-play ity. Determine the time duration for each C2 -play. Develop a set of questions for the post role-play discussion, ce the students to role-play. Enact and for the role-play. Discuss the role-play’s itent, observations challenges and learning, ° 2 then summarize and focus on students’ understanding. + Let the students “think” alone about the answer to the question and to “write” for a specified amount of time. Ask the students to pair up with partners to discuss the question, and listen to each other's ideas. Make the students share their answers, ideas, and views with the whole class. Investigating + Make the students investigate and observe the problems in real life and find their solutions by themselves. Help them to conclude the best results + Conduct an interview, about the theme or subtopic, and ask their views and ideas, + Let the students share anything, they collected in the shape of documents, or notes, during the investigating process + Prepare the students for written or oral presentations to enhance their quality and creativity.CONTENTS ree wd Meena ty cece BST 1 it oe rrhctase /UGRNNMINN rant, SEER eco sexe | ae ae Jc Peal frees Scent leet pela sak: eagle ae poms — De ale Moiei_[pvaresot [dour eter |aneverthe SMrcing Sain | Witea ae Nata leomataranda [ou eeteae reel eessace ae Nader [nok AS eee fealng 22 |3. Patriotism/ [Understand |read, xy. answer the [syllable division, | Write a ANetints _ARRESIPE grated cites ord | Serva prep Nee Stirs ipaeriaes |Strength pride (Poem) See 29 [Review 1 ~ ah ei == es | Quaid-e-Azam| and. text for different questions, word adjectives and —_|the words, a fo Geo Syme, ees Fetes 7 _ LS crs eo ES”) Ee ES ee = eae a See ico eens aie [pecan ae Sool | EM es ott cn po paren a Female equity development | pictures meaning [perfect simple eae eee feline 59 |Review 2CONTENTS re is roy Arad Festivals & global cultural events around| the world Oral Coe cen Readingand orev point of view first person or third person point of view, answer the questions, word meaning Vocabulary & Nee recoptones es Oo airy Sve 7 le eed [Dent | Red ley [avert tne Wise Ott lemtenr! [ocean of \Kecaloee™ auc eerie Wontar | peace diversity AGA & Jofadjectives ee f uf Pesoally | ending i aang Fink Nt aut etme ences eee word a oe eeely tion Ro adres, 91 |Review 3 94 [i0, ce the Young Hoy rviaion 8 |orma ese ease reels (eres 1 Ss Natal ide [Undoriand Jeadaxprcse |mawcrieewencepanery | aliag Pakistani jing National |thedialogue |questions, word direct & indirect _| proofreading feature Pea: fea ere eee eee Cala (faeces och As ees Crafts) ite | Fa cic |e ayercz [Seer Rae othe rooms, GREE Algerie, caerulea Mote ttt ortinnaicg eta tam lite laewinige aaa cea es ics 126 Review 4Pe Rec Arconpling he unt students beable: | ‘© Develop the ability to pose rhetorical ques range of audiences ‘© Ask and answer simple and higher-onfepeutStions, guide/assess reading. a cain erie » Sorsogon gee '* Guess the meaning of "Ge Op ses in the text. , =o oy Ae uncertand ne contextual . oreo da gain och paragraph as separate metNingful RGF expression with sown topic sent2N€SYd supporting etal #4 Liprmary skills to extract salient points onstrate the use ofthe pronour-antecadent reomet ‘© Use a dictionary to locate guide words, entry words, pronunciation, syllable division, definition, syllable division and abbreviations for parts of speech,Who is the last Rasool ? TY Have you heard about the lasts Hazrat Muhammad (Se2st6.) deliveres Sn5 sermon (Khutbah) on the ninth of Dhul Hijjah, 10 years after Hijrat (migration from *o Maglina) in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat. His words were clear and conse re ae to all humanity, ae Oe Listen to what | say. | do not know lace whether Iwill ever meet you at jis year." (Ibn Hisham 2/603) 1. Life and Property Hazrat Muhammad (& jid, “Your blood, your property and your honor are assacred as this day, this month and this city (ie, Mak&pand the surrounding areas). You ack to be resurrected (after de: four Lord. There you will account for your deeds. So, do not turn into people who go astray and kill one another.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari 1/234) 2. Blood Revenge and Usury Hazrat Muhammad (S27a-24%6sU,.) said, "Behold! All practices of paganism and ignorance are now under my feet. The blood revenge of the Days of Ignorance (pre- Islamic time) are remitted. The first claim [7277 nor For sate (pesRe)on blood | abolish is that of Ibn Rabi'ah bin Harith who was being nursed in the tribe of Sa'd and whom Hudhail killed. Usury is forbidden, and | make a begin ning by remitting the amount of interest which Abbas bin Abdul-Muttalib has to receive. Verily, itis remitted entirely." (Sahih Muslim 1/397) 3. Rights of Women Hazrat Muhammad (2 iésWUs.) said, "O' people! Fear Allah (3t3,t.,~) concerning women. Verily you have taken them on the security of Alah (Jls4t~-.) and have made their persons lawful unto you by the Word of Allah(Js,¥~.-)! It is incumbent upon them to honour their conjugal rights and not to commit acts of impropriety which if they do, you have authority to chastise them, yet not severely. if your wives refrain from impropriety and ful to you, clothe and feed them suitably." (Sahih Muslim 1/397) 4. Worship of Allah (Jle;%l~~) Hazrat Muhammad (SaS7abs560u. said, "O' people, | am not succeeded by a Nabi and you are not succeeded _ Is giving zakat by any nation. So, Irecommend you worship of Al to worship your Lord, to offer the five (Ji¥~4 prayers, to fast in Ramadan and to pay the Zakat (dues to the poor) of your pj oh eee) willingly. | recommend you to perform th pilgrimage to the Sacred House of your you will be awarded to enter the 3 2 of e 5. Equality So Hazrat Muhammad (22% oss id, all mankind is from Adam and Eve. An Arab has no superiority over a né One ‘Arab has any superiority over an Arab. A white has “os those who are in charge of you, then Ur (Sahih Muslim 1/397) no superiority over a‘bkadk nor any superiority over a white except by piety and good actions. Learn that@very Muslim is*a brother to every Muslim and the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. 9 shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was neers willingly. Do not, therefore, do injustice to yourselves." (Sahih Muslim 17397) 6. The Quran and The Sunnah Hazrat Muhammad Cbapstue..) said, "Remember, one day you will appear before Allah (Js) What do you mean and answer for your deeds. So by the path of beware, do not stray from the __fighteousness? path of righteousness after | am notron sate resne) (3)gone, Verily, | have left among you the Book of Allah (1164. if you hold fast to it, you shall never go astray." (Sahih Muslim 1/397) The life of Hazrat Muhammad (Sestss8sJ..) is the best example to follow for all humankind. 7. Bearing Witness Hazrat Muhammad (22 és) said, "Have | not delivered the Message (of my Lord)?" "Yes, you have." they responded. He (is/s2I6%) said, "And you will be asked about me, what are you going to say?" They replied, "We bear witness that you have conveyed the message and fulfilled your mission" He (xt) raised his forefinger skywards and then moved it down towards people while saying, "O' Allah (JW:4'n.-)! Bear witness.” He (72H!) said that phrase thrice. “Let him that is present convey it to him who is absent. For, t the Message is conveyed may be having more understanding of it than the audience.7 Bhukhari 1/234, Sahih Muslim 1/397) xO The last sermon of Hazrat Muhammad (Sst) has. Earorone in the life A ei ‘of Muslims. It gives a complete message to all Muslims t ir lives in light of the teachings of Islam. @ What is the importance ofthe Vast sermon of Hazrat Muhammad (Sistah eg? Describe the at p last sermon of Hazrat Muhammad (234 ee ey a ly respected oe responsible for taking care of someone or blood ou revenge for a murder Jeliberat with a definite intention i iwaive refrain from insisting on or using (@ right or claim) -ommitted (adj) __ pledged or bound to a certain course or policy; dedicated chastise to punish goal; objective the quality of being superior to bring and hand over [EBT worror sate esr© Oral Communication Skills Remember Rhetorical Questions A thetorical question is a question that does not have a real answer, we use them in persuasive speech and writing, We want our listeners or readers to think and reinforce our point of view. « { Example: Don't you think about anyone other than yourself? Oo How could anyone think that is fair? Oo ‘Who do they think they are? I. _ State whether the questions below are rhetorical er 1. Do you know where my pencil case is? x 2. If we don't stop this now, when will it ev 640) 3. What is wrong with society today? © 4. Who does she think she is? 4 5. What time do you get home ‘& school?, © 6. How many students are there Sadias 7. Is itfair that millions of are ganvTag all over the world? 8 Isit not clear that ess ike Gaui this race? I. Produce your ow Oe for each of the following: 1. They ames to get here. 2 Wen end ines Truelty before it's too late. 3. Gia promote healthy eating in school. 4. ohe could think that cats are better than dogs. 5. You cannot deny the importance of communication skills. 6. Everyone wants to be famous. 7. We have only one earth to take care of. 8. _ It is clear that England will win the match. Guide students in creating rhetorical questions by givirg different examples. Nor FoR saLe(pesee) \_5III, Use these rhetorical questions in a speech in your class. Then create a similar rhetorical question using the given stem. Exampl How can anyone believe that protecting our environment does not matter? How can anyone believe that How can anyone believe that growing plants does not matter? 1. Does not everyone believe that we'll be asked about our duties to others? Does not everyone believe that 2 e out of ten people can't be wrong, can they? can they? 2. 3. Isitnot time to public awareness about human eq Is it not time to P 4, How can we continue to let unhealthy food entef Sy schools? How can we continue to let unhealthy (s) Reading and Critical Thinkii Answer the following questions: PF aoe his last sermon? 1. When did Hazrat Muhammad = 2. What is the last sermon mj out 3. What aid Rasoolulah (gays Ley about blood revenge? 4, What is the stand periSxgypln the sight of Allah (itansta)? 5. What is the KS nt text to support that we all are equal? 6. What. whinge Rast (2274454) leave behind for us to follow? — Silent Le oe Asilent* a word is one that is written but not pronounced, such as the 'b' in ‘lamb’. Il, Circle the silent letters in the given words. right whom listen whether could reckon righteousness people comb honour hour knowledge J NoTFOR SALE (PESRP)Remember Prefix Aprefix is a letter or group of letters that we add at the start of a root word to change its meaning, such as ‘un-' in unhappy and ‘pre~' in preheat. ‘Common prefixes include ‘mi Suffix A suffix is@ letter or group of letters aded to the end of a word to make another word, such as “in ‘quickly or “ness' in sadness. ‘Common suffixes include '-ed', “er, s, -ful, “ly, and so on, Adding suffixes to words requires some spelling changes also, XC oO IIL. Circle the correct answer choice. -S O 1. What isa prefix? Ao (@) Aword within a word (b) A group of letters put before a root Ken changes its meaning (©) Agroup of letters put at the end o As ‘word which changes its meaning pre; "uns, over (@) A group of letters put at the en, s which changes its meaning 2. What does the word ‘unhurt’ mj (@) hurt badly (hurt © Ss wounded (4) not hurt 3. Ifwe take away the rare x 1e root word is agree. (@) true (0 okay (a) wrong 4. Asuffixisa susie’ hal o add to the start of a root word. (@) okay (© true (A) false 5. Which of, oles 2 suffix? @ (b) un (Q-ed (a) in 6. aC can you add to the end of ‘cook’ to make a new word? in (b) -ful (O-est @)-y 7 cinch suffix can you add to the word ‘peace’ to make it a new word? (@) -est (b) -ing O-y (a) -ful 8. The word ‘pre-war’ means: (@) before the war (b) during the war _(c) after the war (a) in the war 9. What does the word ‘tireless! mean? (2) always feeling tried (b) never feeling tired (©) not happy (d) feeling less tired than someone else NOT FOR SALE (PESRP)10. Which word is the root word in ‘unemployed’? @un (b) employ (-ed (a) ployed 11. Which prefix would you add to the word ‘finished’ to show that there is still some work to be done? (@) mis (b) dis (un (a) in IV. Label prefixes, root words and suffixes in the following words. Use ‘pr’ for prefix, 's’ for suffix and ‘rw’ for root word. Oo helper unchaste kindness gS inequity righteousness indeed careh © non-Arab directed undeniable Synitment unsuccessful Guess the meanings of the words belonGng phrases and then compare them with their dictionary meanings. @ Words S oe Meanings = ie reckon \? we usury SO Qe? inflict committed helpers = sacred trust NOT FOR SALE (PESRP)VI. Write the topic sentences of the first four paragraphs of the unit. rs VII. Read the text in the unit again and write its SPory. I. _ Tick (y/) the correct option. 1. I bought a book. It/They proved very useful. NorForsate(Pesre) \_ 92. We see with your/our eyes. 3. The farmers were working with their/your hands. 4, We saw animals in the zoo. It/They looked beauti 5. The boy who whistles is my brother. He/She whistles loudly. 6. The students missed six questions. He/They were challenging, 7. One of the birds flapped its/their wings. 8 The new style of dress is popular, I like them/it. Remember iuntidions: Ne eas RS Guide words are at the top national sec of each page. af eratral beauty or historical or st an whch people ean ist Yosemte An entry word the werd { ee at ety re Ite the detonay ys ee tocar ee onde dnc itis § ‘eee oe aon fn aczant mar show wich edd EE sya sunmeos ntres [C13 nation that is» palteallyinde- ction cour Ege ncn ee a hea 1 the The dictionary tells us how 4 a SS peminen carey word, There is a set of lette and symbols after the enj word, These letters gn symbols are the phol respelling of the wal nation-wide /; 1 nafrmand/ of (ussty rs a osarig esse foe pat of mg ry seoruceed bron Start | nti flrson natoneige od Me Rye 350 ses outlets notonwde inactive" BH /est/ of, ‘A definition tells us what the entry word means. Often a word will have more than The dictionary also one definitions. shows parts of speech. ‘A dot or dots in the entry words show the division for syllables. ‘© Acictionary also tells us the parts of speech of a word, e.g. noun (n), pronoun (pron), verb (v), adjective (adj), adverb (adv), et. ‘© The dictionary also tells us ifthe word is countable [C] or uncountable [U] NOTFOR SALE PESRP)mL. © writing skills L Look up these words in a dictionary and identify correctly what to put in each column. Noy eB wn Words Syllable Pertof Speech Countable or Uncountable appreciate humanity sacred piety ey ee =o forbidden ee ae astray —_—_—_—_——— Ss inequity kK on Use summe ills to writ@ an objective summary of "The Last Sermon of Hazrat Muha: Norrorsate(Pesre) \_ fiecu ‘After contig se unl tients wl be abe oc AG Bie cert nt Soran sr ie tat eae corieaT ig Hosting or tori entonors © Respond to text with reasons Ke) engand personal interpretation je Ppa the ‘© Guess the meaning of the words arp ‘Compare with the dictionary m contextual meaning © Differentiate literary tex lon-ltagery Tats / informational tests. Oo eran hn ge es Recognise the igpybne vgigasnctions of simple past tense. hi 0 © Write mylti-syMlible wordlyat grade level with correct spell . final draft after complete editing and freading, « Pbillow the steps of the process approach to plan for writing a paragraph: brainstorming, mind mapping using a variety of graphic organizers, mind-mapping, note~ taking, picture illustrations and doodles.Martyrs of Pakistan ‘What does the martyrs of Pakistan me: Is ‘major a military or civil rank? Major Tufail Muhammad Major Tufail Muhammad was born on June 22"4 1914 in Hoshiarpur. He got a commission in the 16 Punjab Regiment in 1943. He had a distinguished career and commanded many appointments. Major Tufail Muhammad was posted to East Pakistan Rifles in 1958 as a company commander. In August 1958, Indian troops captured a village called Lakshmipur in East Pakistan. Major Tufail Muhammad was assigned the task to retrieve the village from Indian occupation, He divided his men into three groups and was decided that they would attack during the dark of 7 August 1958. Pakigan in sop aided te nagar inp ao which had violated the boundary betweength&fwo Gy countries in the Lakshmipur area. SS When Major Tufail Muhammad's gr QatGehn yrds away from the enemy line, they came updhc Reavy fire, But he kept moving forward and silenced the ener chi Ey ‘with a grenade. Ayres) assigned to Major Major Tufail Muhammad wat Fall whaunded but crawled towards the Tufail Muhammad? enemy commander heayiGto atta his men. He continued directing the operation until th®edemy. iven out. sO @ norrorsate(Pesee) 13.In spite of being seriously injured, he continued to lead his troops in the heat of the battle. Enemy troops were successfully evicted and the area was captured. The Indians were driven out, leaving four dead and three How many enemy prisoners. He embraced martyrdom on 7" August, 1958. He was awarded —_troops were killed? with the Nishan-e-Haider for his distinguished action of valour and bravery. Rashid Minhas Shaheed Rashid Minhas was born on 17" February, 1951. He was commissioned as a pilot in Pakistan Air Force in 1971. Rashid Minhas was the only PAF officer to receive the highest valour award, the Nishan-e-Haider. He was also the youngest person and the shortest serving officer who received this award, Rashid Minhas got his early education from Karachi, At the age of 17, he joined the Pakistan Air Force Academy in Risalpur as a flying cadet. Rashid Minhas graduated ee the academy as a general duty pilot and was pest Base Masroor in Karachi. cs On August 20, 1971, as a pilot under trainin “>, to take off on a routine training flight whe hi pilot Matiur Rahman forced his way intoghg Year, His instructor seized control of the ae oe towards India x Why did his ee instructor want to seize control of the aircraft? whi ar NOT FOR SALE (PESRP)When Rashid Minhas realized that the absconding pilot was heading towards India, he tried to regain control of the plane but was unable to do so. Rashid Minhas informed authorities through his radio at Masroor Control Tower that he was being hijacked. The events that followed later proved a tale of great courage and patriotism. In air, Rashid Minhas struagled physically to wrest control which continued for a few minutes. He did the only thing within his control to prevent the aircraft from being taken to India, Rashid Minhas forced his plane to crash just 51 kilometres from the Indian border, deliberately sacrificing his life for the honour of Pakistan. The jet crashed near Thatta. Rashid Minhas created a history of loyalty by sacrificing his life for his motherland, He was laid to rest on August 21%, 1971, with full military honours. His entire family attended the funeral. He was buried in 4 hich is the highest Karachi. Rashid Minhas was posthumously awarded Pakistan’s top — C) be military honour, the Nishan-e-Haider. The nation remembers Rashitt) ta) wa Minhas as a national hero with reverence, due to his bravery and. supreme sacrifice. commission SOtre position of an officer in the army lour wv great courage cockpit an area in a plane where the pilot sits absconding to leave hurriedly or secretly forcibly pull (something) from a person's grasp ‘on purpose; intentionally happening after someone's death rence yreat respect and admiraton NOT FOR SALE (PESRP)() Ree RTT ech cee CLL I. Aschool counsellor helps students in school. Role-play the dialogue by performing the roles. Student: Counsellor: Student: Counsellor: Student: Counsellor: Student: Counsellor: Assalaam-o-Alaikum! Sir. ‘Wa Alaikumussalam. Ne Oo How can | get into the school | wantin the future? |) Remember that there are many good schools. I Mewdnly apply to one yg ly apy school, you may not get in, and will be disapy How can I choose the right school for eS Do your research. Read as much $Qiean about your favourite schools on the Internet. Look for each schaBMgt¥engths but also notice the weaknesses that each has. All schools hy rps and cons, even your favourites. Read all available ae How can | make my celta 20° well, you want ra 25 sth tic as possible for colleges to get to know the real yous Lit Sosy mplishments in and out of school. If you have won any 208 sO down. Schools consider these as very important. if ua oF lent or skill, put it on your application, But remember nev jerdteh¥Bu have to be as honest as possible about what you can 't Ss Student, OR. should I prepare myself or a college interview? coun ieee Make pairs of students and ask them to role-play the dialogue with correct pronunciation. 16] nor FoR SALE (PESRP) First of all, be punctual, Arriving late leaves a terrible impression. The interviewer might think that you are not responsible enough if you did not show up to an interview on time. Itis also important to look confident and professional. Dress neatly and formally. You should show that you are serious in gaining admissionROMP Enr kane miner L nL. Answer the following questions: 1. What were the achievements of Majer Tufail Muhammad? 2. How did Major Tufail Muhammad retaliate to enemy advance? 3. What actions were taken by Major Tufail Muhammad to get the village back from Indian occupation? 4. What was the designation of Rashid Minhas? N 5. What is the distinctive achievement cf Rashid Minhas? Oo 6. How was Rashid Minhas honoured fer his heroic sects SO 7. What are military honours? SO 8. Who are the people who are awarded maton bpd ho a 9. How do we pay homage to those who displa of aess courage to defend our country? x Guess the meanings of the following w. Men compare them with th distinguish | troop S oO illegal Sw i violate > | . gre instructor NorFor sate (reser) \_i7Remember Literary Texts «Literary texts usually contain words and expressions that are often unusual in some way and are used to create a special effect in a piece of writing such as a poem, novel, play, speech, «© Literary texts are often fiction but they can also be non-fiction, Novels and short stories are fictional writing, «© Biographies and short academic essays are usually non-literarytexts, Some autobiographies have literary value such as "The Story of My Life” by Helen Keller. II. Answer the following questions: Ne 1. Which text contains a rhyme scheme, rhythm or meter? oO (a) essay (b) novel (© poem sO (¢) drama 2. Aesop's Fables isa literary text. = (@) true (b) false © RS (¢) wrong 3. Any science fiction is a literary text. (@) false (b) okay Qyrors (@) true . Fantasy belongs to the genre of (@) fiction (b) non-fiction Cy o) novel (@) poetry 5. Functional texts such as memos, Is, broct ss etc. are: (@) non-fiction (b) dram: ction (@) novel ‘Main and Helping Verbs aS iN a ronan tee ech (Cn ai Yoc tbig esc’ tee land jomped te Main v stand alone, or they can be used with a helping verb, e.9, The plot Ws heading towards Inca, helping verb main verb ‘main ENG The main x lave 's, ‘es, ‘ed’, ar ‘ing’ endings or inflections, i.e. jumps, jumped, jumping. Helping verbs are used with main verbs. They tell when an action takes place. They help us make negative sentences and questions. Below are helping verbs both primary and modal auxiliary: Forms of Primary Auxiliary Verbs Forms of Modal Auxiliary Verbs be: is, am,are, being, been, was, were «an, could, may, might, must do: do, does, did shall, wil, should, would have: have, has, had TB] _NOTFOR SALE (PESRP)I. Circle the helping verbs and underline the main verbs. 1. She is writing a novel. 2. Ihave bought a villa. 3. They may not resist it. 4. They have gone by bus. 5. He did not read it. 6. Iwill answer the call 7. Would you stay at home? Ne 8. They did not make a donation. Oo 9. We were basking in the sun. Oo 10. You are reading my mail iv Remember Ao ‘Simple Past Tense ‘The simple past tense is used for ations and events that h in the past, Examples: They captured a village He opened the door. © Ahmed stepped forward The war ended in 165 e@ ‘The simple past tense is also used for reauacayhons io Example: We lived in Madinah. They went for a wa eh ‘ed to Formation: For regular verbs it form of the verb. For irregular verbs, learn the past ue x Formation| iple. jative ‘did not’ + ‘Ist form of the verb’. og =f se: “He did not om ay api fees test to I. Read and underline the verb that expresses the past tense. 1. The child crossed the road. 2. She spent a week in the valley. 3. He divided his men into three groups. 4. You missed such a bargain, 5. He embraced martyrdom on 7% August, 1958. 6. Rashid Minhas graduated from the academy as a pilot. veorrop wr re)Mm. Vv. 7. His instructor seized control of the aircraft. 8. He created a history of loyalty. 9. They fought bravely. Change the following sentences from positive to negative. 1. He won a medal. | made notes. They worked in fields. We accepted the invitation. Ne They put an embargo on the arms sales. Oo He spoke to his mother about it. oO The teacher made a speech. aS AG eNO e wn You ate cereal for breakfast Fill in each blank with the simple past tense off} verb in the brackets. Example: | (meet) them the re yesterday. | met them the day befor gh 1. Many years ago, it SoA to live without electricity. 2 They —__fnishy inePronees time yesterday. 3. The vor — os en leavy fire. 4. When! —_@ ‘ten, eerie yt. 5. My sister VS" SF postcards during her holidays. 6 We (g0) fishing last Saturday, 2 At of 17, he (oir) Pakistan Air Force Academy in Risalpur. 8. Qe (phone) from Saudi Arabia yesterday evening, 9. The ancient Greeks (believe) in many different gods. 10. |___ Get) up late last Sunday. Circle the correct spelling horrible / horrable (causing horror) sensable / sensible (that makes sense) probable / probible (likely to happen) possable / possible {able but not certain to happen) 20] NoTFOR SALE (PESRP)forgivible / forgivable {that can be forgiven) respectable / respectible (deserving respect) tevessable / reversible (that can be reversed) legable / legible (clear enough to read) © writing skills Remember Process of Writing a Paragraph Ne Writing is a process. It has the following steps: oO 1. Pre-writing 2. Research (if needed) oO 3. Drafting 4. Revising sO 5. Editing and proofreading (for publishing) gS I. Write a few paragraphs on “Nishan-e-Haider and ftS\Wgnificance". ae SEER organise ideas. You can make a mind map or aroutlthe for this purpose. rere ere sin goin >> Nor FoR save (reser) \_27‘Ask and answer questions of personal relevance, information and variety of communicative purpy rier voor) Respond to a text with eg. reasons, -@ Suen ny ec a Use:comnici punctst Ot Orrin isin wi lo agp NOY sii and writing, Distinguish any Write fquiyybed of sentences ie. declarative, eRamatoryNgterrogative and imperative. writ jents to support claims with clear reasons and & evidence.A Nation’s Strength (Poem) Pola} What makes a nation strong? Its wealth or its people? What makes a nation's pillars high And its foundations strong? What makes it mighty to defy Which words have ‘The foes that round it throng? n a 2 ors Itis not gold. Its kingdoms grand Go down in battle shack; VP Its shafts are laid on sinking sand, i Not on abiding rock. et Is it the sword? Ask the red dust A Of empires passed away; XS The blood has turned their stones + Their glory to decay. vv And is it pride? Ah, that brigtfger ws Has seemed to nations swe) oe But God has struck its lfSter dow In ashes at his fe.O not ol bt seo a A ecb Men ey ors Cees sake What malts 2 ration strong ~ men soe: and suffer long. cor gold? we ‘men who work while others sleep, Ih 10 dare while others fly, They build a nation’s pillars deep ‘And lift them to the sky. (iiliam Ralph Emerson) How does the last stanza compare with the earlier stanzas? ‘What is the central theme or the central idea of the poet CreerUrooj: Shiza: Urooj: Shiza: to resist a red-brown substance that is formed on some metals by the action of water and air enemies to cause something to become gradually damaged a large, densely packed crowd of people feeling of importance oe a long slender cylindrical body or part Oo + a nation/a race glow of reflected light A to run away in fear DH to have the courage to do 5 Alaikumussalam. Qikkis a hot day, isnt it? Yes, itis. Itis really hot outside. What would you like to drink? I'd like something cool. Would you care for some cake? Yes, I'll try a piece of your cheese cake. It certainly looks tempti I wouldn't mind some myself. Right. Sit down and I'l bring it to you [GET norron sate saryROMnr Ent Rene miner L 1. Answer the following questions: 1. According to the poet, what makes a nation strong? 2. What is meant by ‘a nation's pillars and its foundations’? 3. Inthe first stanza, the poet wonders about certain things. What are they? 4. What qualities make a people great? Are these qualities associated with health, wealth or character? 5, What are the foundations on which a strong kingdom is built?) 6. Whatis the worth of a worldly power and pride in the nore 7. How does the last stanza fit into the overall structure goer 8. Can wealth alone make a nation great and stro! 9. Paraphrase the second last stanza in simplegempquage. 10. What are the qualities of the brave men @agcrifed in the poem? Guess the meanings of the followin, ind then compare them with their dictionary meanings. « SG Words Oo G Meanings Ca Oi» foes shock \e | “Ae decay | luster | dare | ash lL NorForsate(Peser) \_25Waites cores Remember Syllable A syllable is a part of a word that contains a single vowel sound and is pronounced as a unit. For example: "book’ has one syllable, ‘wonder’ has two syllables and 'September' has three syllables. ‘An example of syllable division is “Sep-tem-ber. I. Identify syllable division. Use a mark (-) to show syllable division. Ne O white rust foundation abiding gioy CO kingdom victory remember swore) exercise sweet opinion gold ess mighty 1 Syllable Words 2 es 3 Syllable Words sooo se == ‘An apostrophe iN%¥ mainly forthe following purpases: «© is used te QW possessive form of singular nouns, e.9. the aig Prether a nation’s strength tis used to show omission of a letter or letters, esp. in contractions, i's = itis can't = cannot + Itis used at the end of plural nouns to show possession, ¢.9. the boys’ parrot the babies! toys Il. Put an apostrophe where necessary. 1. __ Its in the main building of my college 2. Othello is a character in a Shakespeares play. 26] NOT FOR SALE (PESRP)m1. 3. 4. & 6. L 8. 9. 10. against thy 1 2 They are buying babies clothes. The guards cap is on the sofa. The boys chairs are yellow. | am going to the principals office. The cats milk is in the pot. ‘Ahmads books are in the bag. | dont think that my fathers shirt will fit me. Were going to our friends house. N Oo Remember n sentences. Write eee en imperative or exclamatory as appropriate relevant use is near the post office. & Would you hand me the ruler? Write your name at the top of the page. How beautiful this flower is! Please open the window. Would you answer the phone? Nor FoR save (pesne) \_277. What a beautiful scene it is! 8 They were not in a hurry. 9. Look both ways before you cross the street 10. Doyou know their address? © writing skills Remember Argument ‘An argument is a statement or claim which is supported with evidence to r \lusion. For example: Get up early in the morning, (claim) Tiecaves i fave arpa tivaavatie ifn gat pearance ‘Therefore, getting up early is good for you. oS ») I. Write an argument to support the coming ly “Strong People make a Nation Steer < ze Share with students different examples of argumentative writing and how to write one NOT FOR SALE (PESRP)© oral Communication Skills c ‘Turn these statements into rhetorical questions. You should visit the Lahore Fort. This is the best school ever! Everybody wants to go to Jinnah Garden, You can recycle tins, plastic and glass If you want to know more, visit our information desk You should try this formula as per my advice. AS If you love travelling, there are plenty of RO" 1 2 3 4 5. Ifyou love language, then try a reputable institute. 6 7 8 L ie Words “aed Words rust ° 0 oO high grand vey strong °\@ brown wv ao might fiash o @ sand empire pri ° © ash suffer Answer the following questions: on N & © Rhyming Words © throng © sigh @ rougher ©@ flight © aspire 1. Enumerate the main points or rules of the Last Sermon of Hazrat Muhammad (2:02siuseuus.). 2. Explain the points in the Last Sermon of Hazrat Muhammad (Sitesi) 3. Write about the heroic deeds of an awardee of Nishan sacrificed his life for the nation. 4. How do we pay homage to those military heroes who lives for the country? -e-Haider who laid down their norrorsate reser) \ 25]5. Which values should a nation possess to increase its national pride? 6. What is the general message of the poem ‘A Nation's Strength’? II, Match each word with the relevant meaning. 4. sermon ° © to punish 2. chastise ° © injured by a weapon 3. wounded e © aweapon with a ere blade 4, mission e @ an sees so subject 5. valour ° © glor inction 7. sword e RE objective 8. luster e Q © great respect and admiration IV, Read aloud each word and nse ire write ding who lamb thumb @ sO sou debt scent SaesimO hymn breathe apostl swor edge sandwich tea korn 1. Words are made up of parts called syllables. Each s the syllable by clapping as you read each word. Use a mark (-) to show syllable division. 1. tempting [| 2. kingdom 3, sinking | 4. butterfly s, Wepre, | 6. strawberry [IBOY nor ron sate esr)7. sister 8 family 9. winter 10. forever II. Put in an apostrophe where needed. © the babys toy © the teachers book © friends parents my brothers bicycle © Solomons wisdom # students card IIL. Identify the type of sentences below. 1. Call me when you get home from college. a) Interrogative sentence _(b) Declarative sentence (0 Imperative sentence (a) Exclamatory ee 2. like omelettes! (@) Exclamatory sentence _(b) Interrogati ~ (© Declarative sentence (d) me fence 3. Why did the dog begin to r-) (a) Interrogative sentence (bp li Se nce (© Declarative sentence es sentence 4. The ok ato me 98g (@) Interrogative aR , 2, sentence & 5. May have (a) Imperal Ae (b) Declarative sentence fory sentence __(d) Interrogative sentence (0) Declarative ser perative sentence Oi ‘© Pakistans economy © Earths surface © hes Ne se I, Write on ‘Rights and duties as a member of society’. Please ensure you write in paragraphs or write a poem on ‘A patriot’. NoTForsaLe(Pesee) \_31ecu Ater completing the ni the students willbe able to: K @I" «Predict the content of apiece of text using prorkagaled> He asking questions and contertvl dues o «Apply noedge from Istening to, vewng totexts for diferent purposes ncuang agp and discussions, ‘© Adapt speech, non-verbal gesture gp Sener Qe an increasing range of situations. Lag 4 ding © Respond ta text with, eg. rea: Mire int and Guess the meaning of tag Qa)ds age OMPes in the text © contextual mean Use articles writing, © Locate the varyhg positidq oP adjectives in sentences. Form adject®¥ Yom nouns and verbs. Use adjectival phrases in ree ‘and speech. Sing. ‘© Follow the steps of the process approach to plan for writing 1 paragraph: brainstorming, structuring and mind mapping,Quaid-e-Azam (226 il 445 ymmad Ali Jinnah called as ‘Quaid-e-Azam ( Muhammad Alli Jinnah (aie) was born on December 25, 1876 in Karachi and was known as Quaid-e-Azam (sieant#) because of his far-sightedness and leadership qualities. His life was full of struggle, sacrifice and untiring efforts for getting a separate Hojpeland for Muslims. In the early days of his politics, he was a proponent of «© Hindu-Muslim unity. He a0? Who played an an important role in the Lu; important part Pact signed between tl Or ne ee and the Muslim Leggye in 1916, , Views about Hindus and Muslims oS Quaid-e-Azam (s:{¢ «i 4%) was well aware of the ehind the Two- Nation Theory and that Hindus and Muslims, &. /O separate nations. ogther. Ji He was aware they could not possibly live, r@fydescibed How does the them as two separate entities. Quaid-e- é er “Itisadream Suthorofthe text justify that that Hindus and Muslims can ever evglv nationality; and = tpausty this misconception of one Indian ras great beyond its ard he sins isthe cause of all our troubles. Wh eae: 1 destruction if we fail belonged to two to resolve our problems. Hit % belong to two different different nations? religious philosophies, Ae adtions They cannot lermarry and they belong to two different civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions.” (March 23, 1940 Lahore) Efforts in the Pakistan Movement It was due to the untiring efforts of Quaid-e-Azam (cks%) that the Congress agreed to a separate electorate for the first time in 1916 after the Lucknow Pact, when the Nehru Report spoiled all efforts of Hindu-Muslim unity. The Nehru Report was rejected by all shades of Muslim opinion. The famous fourteen points of Quaid- e-Azam (ae. ’#) were introduced in reaction to the Nehru's Report. These fourteen points presented by Jinnah reflected the demands, aspirations and sentiments of all Muslims, The Congress did not give importance to these Norrorsate(Pesre) \_33 |points and became determined to oppose them. The Round Table Conferences were held in London from 1930-32, Jinnah played a vital role in the federal structure sub-committee. Jinnah devoted What does himself to organise the Muslims on one platform. He embarked upon the expression Wh ery country-wide tours. He convinced the Muslims to resolve their differences ae thelr and create a common bond with the Muslim League. He made a wa successful League manifesto for the election scheduled in early 1937, The Muslim League won some 108 out of 485 Muslim seats in varigus legislatures. The election results pr the only all-India pai Congress beca and made a g jent in seven out of eleven prov he Congress rule was only sypotely Hindus. They treated the Muslims bfutally. As a result of Quaid- S (aieauis) ceaseless efforts, the litms awakened from their unreflective state of inertia. They discovered that they Se a separate nation under the leadership of Quaid-e-Azam (afd). Demand for Pakistan ‘The demand for Pakistan in 1940 ha duc impact on the nature and course of Indian politics. On the one hand, it shattprgt forevertthe Hindus’ dream of a Hindu empire on British exit from India. On the other a ‘era of Islamic renaissance and creativity. The Hindus and the British co ile to the demands of Muslims for a separate homeland. It was the ps -e-Azam (sé ass) which gave the Muslims the great hope that the ee inevitable. ers anes roponent a person who supports an idea or course of action conflicting in disagreement lectorate all the people who are allowed to vote in an election act an agreement; treaty NOT FOR SALE PESRP)ea eae sentiment emotion; feeling embark on to start to do something new or difficult legislature a law making body brutally cruelly unreflective thoughtless tremendous extraordinary, great impact powerful effect renaissance revival hostile aggressive or unfriendly inevitable unable to be avoided 2 or Practise the dialogue below throu, Se Gle-pi: A conversation between two frie "eo jer vacations Tariq: Hi Shaukat, how are Shaukat: 1 am good, ese ut yo. Tariq: lam goo a {9 6ra a (Glsy4zt.--). So how was your summer vacation Shaukat: ee A alot. nin von ee Shaukat: sited my native village to meet my extended family there. My parents re with me, it was huge fun. Ta \s ‘That's great. What types of fun activities did you participate in? Shauk There were lots of fun activities. | iked swimming in the pond the most. My cousins taught me to ride, and to climb trees. Now | can climb any tree. Tariq: That's cool. What have you enjoyed the most? Shaukat: All the people are so heart-warming and they welcamed us with lots of love You know, | visited my village after five years, so | found a lot of changes there. | have enjoyed the modernized village and | loved meeting with the locals. Tariq: 1am glad you had an amazing time. NoTFor sate reser) \_35 |ise PRR) I. Answer the following questions: Who was the proponent of the Hinds Muslim unity? What is meant by the Two-Nation Theory? Why was the Nehru Report rejected by Muslims? Why did Quaid-e-Azam (si .u#) ask the Muslims to resolve their differences? What were the results of the elections of 1937? What was the impact of the demand for Pakistan on Indian ie Why was the British exit from India considered an era of fenaissance? PN OH AwWH a How effective was the role of Quaid-e-Azam (sie, 4) j ‘ound Table Conferences? 9, How many seats did the Muslim League win in &e [ection of 1937? II. Guess the meanings of the words below. ae them with their dictionary meaning. ‘Words: < Y 2 Meanings Proponent S pact aspiration vital embark “ shatter | renaissance hostile inevitable [IGE norron sate ese)Waite kore Remember in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ as needed. We live in ___ same street. Ike to eat___ apple a day. Ihave got ____ idea. we Spanish language is related to Latin. Quaid-e-Azam (gsi) was _ man nn oF We must put corruption down with nin — x SQPem hand. _____ Muslim League representegtthe Muslims of common India. Jinnah played —___ importa eats the creation of Pakistan. In___early days of “& iti eR elie champion of the Hindu-Muslim unity. He had ___ great er ngtur His brother is —0% Sen profession. Ow PPnarrwna II, Underline the adjective and write attributive or predicative against the sentence in the space. Example: They should live as a separate nation. __Attributive 1. Did you have a nice trip? 2. Children were happy to see the aeroplane. worror sate (reser) \_37They belong to a different civilization. They were hungry and tired after the journey. The Congress agreed to separate electorates. Javeria is my eldest daughter. My parents were glad to know that | had got the scholarship. She came first in the competition. The children were asleep upstairs. 10. He embarked upon country-wide tours. <—— Remember ep Pnanaw m1. Make adjectives from the nouns and nigh Graton Example: depend ~ dependent wen 68 Xe 1. help ~ —- oF Py hope ow 2. child ~ SS 9. danger 3. pain na 10. spoil me 4. fool ~ ee M differ 5. attract Ve a 12. dust ~ 6. resist SB. response 1 oil oO ~ en IV. Underline the adjectival phrases in the following sentences: 1. The man at the bookstore said that it was going to rain. 2. Everyone was extremely delighted when the winner was announced. 3. The lion in the cage roared at the child. 3B] NOT FOR SALE (PESRP)4, The long and spotted snake hissed loudly. 5. The demand for Pal 6. The man in the blue jacket wrote a letter. tan had a tremendous impact on Indian politics V._ Use the following adjectival phrases in sentences: very slippery tired and hungry beaming with joy sunny and bright equally hostile annoyingly loud I. Give students the dictation of the words below. sacrifice separate resolution Priccey literary electorate aspiration sentiments shattered tremendous committee RO 2 Process Writing The process writing involves effective ane ng, andlGbon Planning Ts tage reais 9 et EPNppalQes ue os ranting. srcng wind eee eek ee a elfen eere maps, using a me Brainstorming: At this eae out a 1gaic and write down all the ideas as soon as they come tomind. The facbgtvon shee 3 ideas, not on grammatical perfection, Fo y oS out the topic: 's it necessary for a leader to be Structuring Mind Maj In order to use ‘apping, write the topic in the middle of a paper and draw a circle around it. Then t from the circle and write related ideas, Finally, find out connections between the types are around it microcomputer personal computer minicomputer laptop Norrorsate(Pesre) \_39Il. Read the mind map below and write an essay on ‘Quaid-e-Azam (si-sii)'. man of his word a man of principle an intelligent student leadership qualities devotion to his cause Guide students about the mind map. ZO_] nor FoR SALE PESRP)Tr ncur sneer eipntg ss unt seaonts ll le toe AG Fina cote ofa pa ener ; «Ask and answer question of personal releg(& iota ay of etree args = mae oe Neon ght or cer reading ‘© Guess the meaning of he words eM A ayes ore care the meena mening «ent and we per ae se ey her, his, him, their, «enti, ape Sood sh nuns nang a wi OS © Correctly use ea infused words (to, too, twi there Goh they're). We tiple paragraphs on a single topicSmog ‘What do you think mainly by looking at the above picture? (A teacher enters the class) Students: Teacher: Students: Teacher: Students: Teacher: Student: Teacher: Student: Teacher: ak ran wear a blanket of fog. The pollutants the surface add to the fog and thicken it Student: Teacher: Student: Teacher: Assalaam-o-Alaikum! Sir and good morning. Wa Alaikumussalam, good morning, Today | will not teach you anefson from the book. Rather we will talk on another important issue. oO Which issue, sir? WP The issue of smog. ‘ei nS dl Sir, is it the only issue we face as regards the enyird@tyent? No. The present day world is facing a lot of envirdamental problems. These include deforestation, 0} ulation, ‘What is the ozon water pollution, climate change, global 1g, ozone layer"? depletion and air pollution. Issues a mgny but today | will talk to you about the smog coverin S. Sir, what does smog mean? ot Smog is a special type of aifaaMuti of first described over 5 decades ago as a mixture of smoke ange hen: me "smog". It is mainly a product of burning a large aay “a Sen coal and vapours and smoke emitting from automobiles. Does sm 2 on S rong @ air pollution is oe with eath passing year. Every ies in upper and central parts of to create the “smog” as we see it, Sir, is the problem really intense? The problem has intensified during the past few decades due to rapid and sustained industrialisation and the addition of thousands of vehicles. During December and January smog slows down everything and on some occasions brings life to a standstill. Sir, which province of Pakistan faces smog? Also state its impact on us. Punjab is the most affected out of all provinces. One can calculate the negative NOT FOR SALE (PESRP)Student: Teacher: Student: Teacher: Student: Teacher: Student: impact on the physical health of people due to smog. Invisible particles penetrate every cell and organ in our bodies causing acute and chronic diseases including asthma, strokes, heart attacks and cementia. They can increase the risk of respiratory diseases as well as lung cancer. Can smog cause mental health problems? Yes, smog can significantly influence the mental health of our population. The better the air quality, the better our mental health, while poor air quality results in poor mental health. Which is the most polluted city, sir? The provincial capital city Lahore has been called one of the most polluted cities in the world with hazardous levels of ait) li polluted? quality. x Once termed the city of gardens, the air quality of gr has been continuously falling to hazardous levels. The Air Quality IndgX{AR@iYof a certain area in Lahore was noted to be about $50 and it should bg out that airs safe to breathe in only if air quality is up to 50. This thergfSg@ Ban be disastrous to citizens’ health. Sir, why is Lahore so polluted? Air pollution in Lahore is caused, combination of vehicle and ingustal emissions, smoke from one the burning of crops residue, geheral wi and dust from constructgMsites. Oth factors of air pollutleiD Lal lude reeg to fd new large scale cutti roads and kuj S. Oo How can Fem cs fom the dgjrimental effect? of smog? ww you some tips to safeguard your family and yourset. Use a face mask. 2. Remove contact lenses and use regular reading glasses. 3. Drink extra water. 4, Blow your nose regularly to clzan out contaminants. 5. Wash hands, face and any exposed body part every time you comeindoors after being outside. Nor FoR saLe(Pesne) \_436. Avoid going out unnecessarily. 7. Seal vents, windows and other inlets of your house. 8 Use air purifiers. 9, If there is heavy smog, drive carefully. Do not stop suddenly, rather pull to the side of the road if vision is impaired. 10. Slow down when driving in smog. 11. Use fog lights. & Students: Sir, we learned a lot today. The information you gave useful Teacher: Dear students, | will keep on giving information and khgWledge on different issues. Student: Thank you, teacher. AG Postreading smog deforestation dementia How can we keep our atmosp Wohat are the measures a form of aipafalfdtion wat for looks like a mixture of smoke and fog, coment joWn or burning trees down in an area , mostly affecting older people, in which a person has ith memory, thinking, control of the body, etc. hazardous e involving risk or danger, especially to somebody's health or safety residue a small amount of something that remains at the end of a process the process of developing industries in a country or an area a minute portion of matter a problem or worry that somebody has with something a thick cloud of very small drops of water in the air close to the land or sea, that is very difficult to see through it chemical element. [7 wor ron sate esr)@ oral Commu Coes Read and practise the dialogue below. Mumtaz: Hi, how're you doing, Anjum? Anjum: 1am so stressed out! | can’t eat. | can't sleep. | feel like I'm going crazy Mumtaz: What's the problem? Anjum: I've got so many things to do. You know school, Lhe ase sports... Ihave a very busy schedule. Mumtaz: You really ought to take a vacation. Why a go to a hill station for a week? Anjum: Oh, | don’t want to do that. rN Mumtaz: Why not? Anjum: It's so boring. There ie ~ do. Mumtaz: I don't get it, you're ai ut how stressed out you gre, but you"doh't even want some time tp Anjum: OK, | will Dy $Qhsy, It may not be a hill but WW to get out of the city. neg questions: 1. How many issues has the teacher enumerated in the unit? 2. What are the causes of producing smog? 3. Which areas of Pakistan wear a blanket of fog? 4, Enumerate some negative impacts on health due to smog. 5. Describe the range of the air quality index in Lahore. 6. State some measures you can take to avoid the detrimental effects of smog. NoTFOR SALE (pesRP) \_45II Guess the meanings of the words below and then compare them with their dictionary meaning. EE i en cn CC pollutants (ee intensify oO sustained aD ] standstill [ Orman <2 ° & acute chronic Replace the not ith Ron pronouns. Then complete the sentences with pronouns mye noun given within the brackets. a is 47 years old. (My father) He is 47 years old. The pronoun ‘He’ replaces the noun ‘My father’. % are brothers. (Mahd and Fahd) 2 1s at school? (Your sister) 3 work in the bank. (Nazar, Mazhar and Kazim) 4 is on the roof. {The pigeon) G6] NoTFOR SALE (PESRP)5. are my pets. (The cat and the dog) 6 is locked, (The door) 7 live together. (My brother and |) a are friends. (amar, Saba and |) 9. is going to Japan for higher studies. (Qasim) 10. is the biggest land animal. (Elephant) & Galiha) ee ‘Aword that is pronounced like another word but is different inmost spelling is a homophone. For example: ‘to, too, and ‘two! are homophones. cs went to school without having breakfast. Il. Use the words below in sentences to shayrth®r meanings. Example: our Our business. ou hour You are one “ NorFoRsaLe(Pesee) \_A7Remember Il. Use an apostrophe and ‘' to form the plurals ofthe letters, numer signs and Iv. words. The word has two a. se Dot all the i and cross all the tin your writing. } How many b are in the word bamboo? There are three 5 in that number. oo yews My neighbours cat is black and white Rewrite the following by using an apost J ‘s if required) to show possession. eo e Example: the storybooks of we Se > the children’s soy > light of the moon & six years time rc 1. & 3. surface of th & 4. Somebody capis re Pro issing apostrophe in the contractions in the following sentences. 1. Dont let him go out. 2. Youve been good to me. 3. Theyll show you the pictures. 4. Id like it. 5. Its been a long day. 6. We went there in the summer of 98. 7 Its 10 0 clock. 2B] NOTFOR SALE (PESRP)8. This style was very popular in the 60s. 9. Lets go out. 10. She didnt know what to do. 1. Write an essay on ‘The causes of pollution and its solutions’. norForsate(Pesre) \_49ae Pakistani Female UTE UA Tohs After completing the unit, students will be able to: Predict the content of the text by using prior kn: ina variety of contents for enjoyment a ‘© Ask and answer simple and me a AR guide / assess reading. contextual meaning, ‘* Punctuate ie. — afSdra) =. of text correctly. x * Identity se. 22 wher ith nounsin reading © Recognize M form afkvarious functions of the present pase Gg Siand the use of ‘since! and ‘or. fe multiple paragraphs on a topic, using chronological/ sequential order of arranging detailPakistani Female Mountaineer ‘What is the meaning of the word Preraey How does the opening sentence help you predict the conter paragraph? Samina Khayal Baig is the first Pakistani female mountaineer who created history by reaching the top of the 2" highest peak in the we the 8611 metre high K2. She iss third Pakistani to climb Mo! Everest. She is also the % Muslim woman to cli rest at Q, the age of 21. woe rest is highest mountain it oe WomtBeart elevation is 88464 metrgs Samina was born on 19" sete Din S he yas Warned village in Hunza, Gojal, Gilgit-Batt How does in mountaineering from the qagpJ5 other, ney tea Sanne Mirza Ali, Samina Baig womkedaea Oy and —_Khayal Baig is expedition leader in the Hindu Kush, tte Himalayas and —_a professional the mountains of een She has been a professional limber? climber since 20 st Climbing Mount In 2013, Samina became the first Pakistani to climb Mount Everest. She was joined by two Indian girls Tashi and Nungshi Malik in climbing Mount Everest. In her Wbsticavquinsen interview with her brother before the ascent, Samina Baig bY Sender equality? stated that the expedition was a demonstration of gender equality. Samina's brother Mirza Alli, approximately 248 metre short of the summit of Everest, let his sister go to the summit Norrorsateresr) \_5T |on her own without his support, to present a message of empowerment to all women of Pakistan. She was highly appreciated. ‘Seven Summits Samina Baig enjoys the honour of having achieved rrore “firsts’ in five years than most people do in a lifetime. She is the only Pakistani woman to have scaled seven summits in seven continents in just eight months. She has therefore had the great honour to hoist the Pakistani flag at seven summits: 1. Mount Everest, Nepal (May 2013) 2. Aconcagua, Argentina, the highest peak in South America (December 2013) 3. Mount Vinson Massif, Antarctica (January 2014) | 4. Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, the highest peak in A Africa (February 2014) & 5. Mount Puncak Jaya, the highest peak in “oe (March 2014) 6. Denali (North America) Alaska (June 20 7. Mount Elbrus, the highest mountain iene 2014) Though Mount Everest may have rae O° most difficult climb was the Denali on Dr in Alaska. "We got caught in a sudderggiowstort ite the forecast being clear. We had n Seo own gear and set up camp ourselves Ne wes one climbs the Everest. a aS oe camp for five days with{USt three days of “Why was climbing food supplies left. @@s Scary’, said Denali Peak scary? ‘Samina. Mount Kilimanjaro Samina Baig, a high-altitude mountaineer at the age of 32 years, wants to change the world. Her hometown, Shimshal Gilgit-Battistan is one of the last villages bordering China with 2 population of less than 2000 and she describes it as “the most beautiful place on earth.” Samina brought honour to her village when she climbed the Everest. Her achievernent had a wonderful effect on youth. Since then, she has encouraged many more girls to take up climbing and other sports. “She is a role model and as set [57 worror sate resne) Mount Vinson Massifa trend that others can emulate,” said Ayesha kan, Head of Pakistan Mountain and Glacier Protection Organization. “Incredible things are happening in Upper Hunza now," Samina Baig said. "Unlike when | was growing up, girls are now playing football and cricket, as well as undertaking skiing, rock climbing, mountain trekking, and biking. in the future, you will see many Samina Baigs from my village going into mountaineering,” she added. In February 2018, recognizing Samina's achievements, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) appointed her as its goodwill ambassador for Pakistan to help fight climate change, poverty, and inequality. Do you think that women taday have more opportyn) than in the past? \d fewer hurdles Post-reading (cing Weer mountaineer a climber of mountains yeak a mountain; summit, & levation height SS expedition an organized ee S an act of skewing sai proximately 5) Fempowerment ae, er or authority ale (v) SQ 0 climb up Forecast Wr? to predict emulate match or surpass; try to be like someone else incredible unbelievable rekking walking through an area with mountains recognize to accept and approve of \chievement accomplishment; a thing done successfully inequality unfair difference NorrorsaLeesre) \_53(4) Ree eer ALL fs Listen to an audio or to your teacher reading aloud the lesson. Then look at the pictures in the text and listen to the related text again. Then, have a discussion in class about the pictures and the text. © _ Reading and Critical Thinking o& a mL Answer the following questions: Oo 1. Who is Samina Khayal Baig? 2. What are her distinguishing achievements? os 3. What does it mean to be a professional? aA 4, How do you know that Samina Baig's fa fed her in her career? 5. How can Samina Baig fight casos nye 1d inequality in Pakistan? 6. What are Samina Baig's views 209 onde equality? 7. Howis she encouraging and Sonn ring ith, especially girls? Guess the meanings of the o iGo jen compare them with the dictionary meaning. PraSIRSSI ANY elevation SO) OS | demonstration [ _ ae ee ee summit [ ] forecast } | emulate [ skiing { 54] NoTFOR SALE (PESRP)AT CL a RCCL Le Remember Punctuation Punctuation marks include capitalization, parenthesis, exclamation marks, full stops, apostrophes, commas, semi-colons, colons, hyphens, dashes and quotation marks. Capitalization ‘The first letter of a sentence is always capital, e.g, Man is mortal The first letter of a proper noun is always capitalized, e.g, We lve in Pakistan. The pronoun “is always capitalized, 9. You and I are friends. The names of days and months are always capital, e.0, We visited the 200 on Sund@) April comes after ha 6 Parenthesis () Ne) Parentheses ore. used to meek off explanstary or non-essential information ag? hurtcane la very strong wind) can cause a lot of damage Exclamation Mark ! Ao frcexloeadorimsia aed aR evan erecta ora engl ave eg tlurat] We on Sra Fullstop Necere eel eet et ere aree erp eee ent er eereoe ey es) < NG An apostrophe is a mark’ tis often used wep NO oe itiiralon pereon Delonas iacorsone wad Radiat ne cena est + Acinra cused ta shoo gebNowe, &O) © ot ar edt aca] aa rr bron mel was a oti, © Commas are used to! as phe ‘5. Mount Everest, the world’s highest mountain, was first climbed in 1953. © Commas are on separate an Yhtroductory word or phrase, e.9, Oh, that’ °F idea, By the: re is your school? Semi-eal semi-colon is used to connect two complete sentences that are related, e.9, Roses are red; violets are purple. Colon: colon introduces the information that comes after it «.g. Il say this for him: he is honest and hard- working Hyphen ~ hyphen is used to form compound words that are made up of two or more words, e.g | paid for two fall-prce tickets Nor FoR saLe(pesar) \_55said, Dash- ‘A dash is used to show that what follows is a summary or contusion of what has gone before, e.g. You have admitted that you lied to me-how can | trust you again? Quotation Marks” “or' * Quotation marks show that words have been directly quoted. They are also called speech marks, e.g. He “I've been working hard all day". Mm. Re-write the following sentences putting punctuation marks wher | bought some balloons a cake and some ice cream for the pys 7 2. No| dont mind it Oo 3. Yes | love to go to the beach with my family 4. He painted the fence white blue and green or 5. we you he she it and they are pronouns A Wow look at that 7. You cannot compete with him he is oe er 8. Nol did not order this fancy dress, 9. Men were shouting women we Monon @ ren were crying it was chaos 10. The Eiffel tower 300 metres Hee oe 1. The teacher said open youupoks 12. My brothers name is a “eo 18. My mother andi tia) 14. Which eg ene 15. My father sak Bes the truth Punctu lowing paragraph. rainbows my heart leaps up when i behold a rainbow in the sky wrote william wordsworth the famous poet and most of us share his feelings when we are lucky enough to see a rainbow. there is an old saying that a pot of gold is buried at the end of the rainbow but have you ever tried to reach a rainbow send of course its impossible because a rainbow is really just the result of the rain drops refracting and reflecting light there are seven colours in the rainbow red orange yellow green blue indigo and violet. 56] NOT FOR SALE (PESRP)Remember Present Perfect Simple Tense ‘+ We use this tense when an action is finished in the past but the effect is stil felt in the present, e.g. She has set a trend that others can emulate. ‘+ Present perfect tense is also used to describe the recent past when the time in the past is not mentioned, e.g. She has already started this campaign, Structure: (positive) Subject + has/have + past participle + (object/complement) (negative) Subject + has not/have not + past participle (object/complement) (interrogative) Has/have + subject + past participle + (object/complement) Ne Oo Tick (“)the correct form of the verb. oO 1. We has/have bought 2 computer. 2. He has/have scored two goals. a 3. The world population has/have increased rapidiy4 @ 4. The pace of life has became/become faster, 5. The scientists has find/have found or sources, 6. I has/have completed my eres 7. You has/have worked here for 8. She has/have learnt three fs Use of For and Since Sud ‘We use “for” and “since” to saree ati See or state up until the present, ‘© We use “for’ when we a he legtg,oF the period, eg. 2 hours, six days, one year, etc ‘© We use since” when tion'WAsbrting point ofthe period, e.g. since Monday, since 1970, since 6o'clock, ete Examples: coe here fortwo years. She as been a professional climber since 2008 jince” are often used in the perfect simple and perfect continuous tense. When the stress. is on the continuity of an action or state we use perfect continuous tense, e.g, It has been raining for ‘wo hours, VI. Use ‘for’ or ‘since’ in the following sentences: 1. She has taught in the school 10 years. 2. Man has struggled against the forces of nature times immemorial. 3. [have not seen him last Monday. worronsae esa) TET]pen ane 0 wi 1. Write an essay on any ‘Pakistani sports personality’. Use QQ We have studied English 5 years. They have practised boxing three weeks. She has been sick Friday, He has climbed three peaks 2009. The farmers have worked in the fields _a month. You have not borrowed books from the library, March, : + fil: I} al/sequential order of arranging details about their achievements an ibutions. xo Cay NOT FOR SALE (PESRP)G) RoE Tec Lee Ld I. _ Discuss the following questions with a partner. Use the underlined words in your responses. 1. Inyour hometown, what is the lowest temperature and what is the highest temperature? (Use the word degrees in your answer.) What is the chance of rain tomorrow in the area where you liv?) What is the best source to get a weather forecast - iper or the internet? What is the safest mode of transport? What are study skills? How do you schedule and huge your learning? What is patriotism? How can you best nation? oy ae © _ Reading and Critical Thinking } Q & e I. Match the words with their mene Oo reas SS »| mixture of smoke and fog » |pointed top of a mountain in spite of [nsotece » | profitable >. erissi a © unbelievable 6. smog > © representative 7. mountaineering | « ‘a minute portion of matter 8 despite © |discharge 9. incredible »|the highest point of a mountain 10. peak ° » | activity of climbing mountains NOT FOR SALE (PESRP)II, Answer the following questions: 1. Why did Jinnah describe Hindus and Muslims as two separate nations? 2. Why did Quaid-e-Azam (sfé.u14s) ask Muslims to resolve their differences? 3. Which areas of Pakistan wear a blanket of fog? 4, State some measures you can take to avoid detrimental effects of smog. 5. What does it mean to be a professional? 6. How is Samina Khayal Baig encouraging and empowering the youth, especially girls? & O 1. Use for’ or since’ in the spaces given below in sentences. sy 1. have not heard from them ________| was six. aa 2. Ithas not rained ____ two menths. 3. They have been waiting for the bus res the ay saw you, =e" 5. Mysister has been studying hours 6. Ihave not seen you —__ —@ 7. She has been training for the CaN two weeks 8. They have been engaged in hoa cee long. 9. We had been struggli sepatee Fomeland ___ several years. 10. You have not pho: r taf you left home. 1. Man has sah’ Il. Use the pairs rds imerces to show their meanings. peal oe hoard, horde advice, advise KN |, morale adopt, adapt accept, except 4. You have not changed forces of nature ____ times immemorial. Ill, Give students the dictation of the words below. ceaseless unreflective achievement ambassador mountaineer Karakoram separate conference fulfilment illiteracy purchase exemplary GO] Nor FoR SALE (PESRP)IV. Punctuate the given text. one day a farmer went with his oxen to plough his field he had just turned the first furrow when a tiger walked up and said peace be with you friend how are you this fine morning the same to you my lord and i am pretty well thank you replied the farmer quaking with fear but thinking it wisest to be polite © writing skills I. Write a short essay on ‘The struggle to save the environment’ ox@Weriratona leader’. NoTFORsaLe(pesep) \_ 61After completing the unit, students will be able to: AG '* Ask and answer question of personal relevance, person narrative). '* Ask a variety of questions niger eg. Caving, open-ended questionggbobethe eh viewed, . =e Such the text. Compare them withYaeWictiongry nftfning to eae ae «Differentiate bet “oy near haere a0 . Gace Sense wr eV lable nae spaN@Q) using spelling rules and strategies: making ise from familiar word. rite short dialogues to show various situational relationships e.g. doctor-patient.Eid-ul-Adha How many Eids do the Muslims celebrate in a year? tha? Zainab and Saliha are at home. They are happy as the festival of Eid-ul-Adha is approaching after a few days. They ask different questions from their parents. “What is Eid-ul-Adha?” asked Zainab. “Eid-ul-Adha is the festival of sacrifice, In a dream, Allah (J#--) commanded Hazrat Ibrahim (4%) to sacrifice his son named Hazrat Ismail (S). Satan attempted to confuse Hazrat Ibrahim (84)and tempted him not to go through with the act, but Hazrat Ibrahim (84#)drove him away. Allah (Jus;%~.-) sent, the angel Jibrail (84)with a ram to sacrifice instead of his son. Thi commemoration of Adha, which is an Arabic word for sacrifice, tak place on the 10" of Zilhajj, mother said. “How is Eid-ul-Adha celebrated?" asked Saliha. "As Hazrat Ibrahim (82!24)was allowed to sacrifice a r ‘ of hs son, Eid-ul-Adha is traditionally celebrated with the symbolic sacrifice , goat, cow, camel or other animals. The meat of the sacrificial animals is divided Gh Airge parts equally among family, friends and the needy. Muslims perform a om ag et S a masjid or in an open environment’, the mother clarified. How is Eid-ul-Adha different from Eid-\ “oy “There are two Eids celebrated by MR sin ee ul-Fitr occurs at the end of Ramadan. Ramadan is the month in which Ove revealed the first verses of the Holy Quran ), a) hat is Eid-ul- ‘Adha? ‘to Hazrat Muhammad (22, |-Adha takes place about two months after Eid- ul-fitr at the end of the aon jmage). The dates of both Eids are according to the Islamic lunar calendar RS a on of animals on the day of Eid-ul-Adha. This differentiates the two festivals,” “oe ther. norrorsate (reser) \_634)saved, and what lesson do we get from this event?" asked Saliha “This was a miracle of Allah (Jl&;%t~,-) and it proved that He has command over all things, the known and the unknown. It is because of this holy incident in the history of Islam that the Muslims now celebrate ida Eid-ul-Adha every year to earn blessings and forgiveness from Allah What is meant (3t)4be-). The act of sacrificing animals also refreshes our faith in Allah by the word (ts;l-+) and we recognize that all blessings come from Allah (Jl;isl~-) “miracle? alone. A true Muslim is one who has a firm belief in Allah (ues) and tries to follow all His commands sincerely and obediently,” said father. “How should we prepare ourselves on the day cf Eid?" asked Zainab. Ne “The sunnahs (habitual practices) of the day of the Eid exc SP © toadorn new clean clothes. © performing ghus! (bath) oe © using a miswak (for cleaning teeth). ae i applying scent. © torreach the place of prayer early,” (Masnad-i-Ahmed: 16840) Both Zainab and Saliha thanked their parents iding them with this important information about Eid-ul-Adha and Eid-ul x Post-reading NOT FOR SALE FESR)a time of celebration drawing nearer to order ‘to mark or observe an event a celebration in memory of a person or event relating to sacrifice Ne all surrounding things oe to make clear 6 a particular system for organizing days angi of the year Oral Communication Skills BMINNG) Read and practise the dialogue Qw. a Hamza: —_Assalaam-o-Alaiup, and ood’ morning, Ali Ali: Wa Alaikurpesssfam 30d morning, Hamza. How are you? Hamza: Well | ere, hoes \ heard that you went to Kelantan, Malaysia last wee Ali: , Pwent to Kelantan, Malaysia last week with my parents. Ore That's good. Which places did you visit there? | visited many interesting places. Last | went to Geting Beach That sounds interesting that you visited Geting Beach in Kelantan. Allis Yes, it was really interesting as there was “Kelantan International Wau Festival" which we were fortunate to witness. itis held annuallly in August in Malaysia. It was beautiful. Hamza: Wau? What is this? Is ita fish? All: Ha Ha Ha... No, itis not a fish. It is a huge kite actually. Hamza: A huge kite! How do people decorate the kite? Ali: They decorate the kite with colourful patterns of flowers and leaves. NOT FOR SALE (PESRP)Hamza: Oh, It must be a beautiful kite. Yes, itis a beautiful kite. During the Wau Festival, there were also cultural shows such as traditional dances and the Kelan Food Festival. Hamza: Wow! You must have enjoyed your holidays. Ali: Yeah, | definitely enjoyed my holidays. Hamza: Which food did you like in the festival? Ali: My favourite food was "Nasi Tumpang” in which rice was packed in a cone- shaped banana leat. Hamza: Mmmm... sounds interesting, Thanks for sharing your og free during the "Kelantan International Wau Festival". Ali: No problem. You are welcome. | will bring someyes to show you. Hamza: Nice talking to you. I'l look forward to that. aa Al Goodbye. See you soon. A Ene Identifying a Point of View Point of view refers to the method of ee / novel or in a narrative poem. in a story told from first person of view, tl in the story. John Lennon and Paul McCarthy wrote the song, “in ~S is ‘These places I'll remember. All my life some have chay The first person pronot y rus, myself and ourselves. ‘The third-person poifttudyiew ae ‘the people or person the narrator is referring to, Third person pronouns: he, higgehis, himself, she er, hers, herself it its, they, their, them and themselves. Here is part from J.K. Rowling's “Harry Potter and Philosopher's Stone" showing the power of third ‘moved in front of the tank and looked intently at the snake, He wouldn't have been surprise®ty had died of boredom itself. I. Read the following lines and identify if it is first person or third-person point of view. 1. "Much to my surprise, | liked the truck Ahmad brought for me." first person 2. "lrecommend Scrivener because it's the best word processor on the market” 3. She wanted to play cricket, so she purchased a bat and a ball. 86 J NoTFOR SALE (PESRP)Maria was sure to get first position in her class. They did not lose heart and kept on their journey to the east. I wandered lonely as a cloud . They had decided to have breakfast the next morning, but she wasn't invited. Nowe II, Answer the following questions: 1. Which animals are sacrificed on Eid-ul-Adha? 2 What the difference between Eid-uLfitrand Ed-u-Adhat Wf 3. What is meant by the word "Adha"? oO 4, Why has the writer used the word miracle?

. eo ‘on beliefs assumptions) an ts AROS om IT eof mpeatve cae «Pred cntert = thy piece of text sng rr om asingquerons ond contextual dee Cope \ synonyms, antonyms). S Fonay/thesurus tons sabe divson © Comprehend and use idioms and proverbs in the different texts © Change and use degrees of adjectives: positive, comparative, superlative of varying syllables and irregular degree. © Write a short dialogue to show various situational relationships e.g. doctor-patient. (Retold by Yoshiko Uchida, 1921-1992)The Wise Old Woman ca] How many old people are there in your family? Many years ago, there lived an arrogant and cruel young lord who ruled over a small village in the western hills of Japan “I have no use for old people in my village," he said haughtily. “They are neither useful nor able to work for a living. | therefore decree that anyone over seventy-one must be banished from the village and left in the mountains to die” i “What a dreadful decree! What a cruel and unreasonable lord we have, the people of the village murmured. But the lord punished anyone disobeyed him, and so villagers who turned seventy-one were = Ree carried into the mountains, never to return. decree of the One particular farmer was good to his mother, and the when lord? lived happily together. However, as the years went by ¢ffBynotrer grew older, and before long she reached the terrible ag} inty-one, “if only, | could somehow deceive the cruel lrg ig rer thought. But there were records in the village books and everyone knew that ne r fegumed seventy-one. Then one day the mother herself spoke ofthe Rbrd’s dreaded decree. "Well, my son," she come for you to take me to the mot before the lord sends his soldiers (@5You: seem worried at all that she hese Got to die, x “Forgive me, dear rae @ ist do," the farmer said sadly, and the next Morning\ke lifted his mother on his shoulders eee on the steep path towards the mountait ip he climbed, until the trees clustered close ands path was gone. There was no longer even the sound of birds, and they heard only the soft wail of the wind in the trees, The son walked slowly, for he could not bear to think of leaving his old mother in the mountains. He climbed, not wanting to stop and leave her behind. Soon, he heard his mother breaking off small twigs from the trees that they passed. "Mother, what are you doing?" he asked. "Do not worry, my son," she answered gently. "| am just marking the way so you will not get lost returning to the village.” norrorsateesre) 73]The son stopped. “Even now you are thinking of me?" he asked, wonderingly. The mother nodded. "Of course, my son,” she replied. “You will always be in my thoughts. How could it be otherwise?" At that, the young farmer could bear it no longer. “Mother, | cannot leave you in the mountains te die all alone,” he said. "We are going home and no matter what the lord does to punish me, | will never desert you again.” So they waited until the sun had set and a lone star crept into the sient sky. Then in the dark shadows of the night, the farmer carried his mother down the hill and they returned quietly to their little house. The farmer dug a deep hole in the floor of his kitchen and made a small room where he could hide his mother. From that day, she spent all her time in the secret roog and the farmer carried meals to her there. The rae the time, he was careful to work in the fields anq{acta: though he lived alone. In this way, for amos fars, he kept his mother safely hidden and no ge athe uNe@new that she was there, Then one day there was a terrible comm@iiph “opr villagers for Lord Higa of the town beyond the hills had threatened to aftack theis village and make it his own nly one thing will spare Ting @ uinced. ring me a box containing Mousged Des of ash and | will spare your vila} The cruel young lord Guidkly ga together all the wise men of his Bp "You are men of wisdom,” he said. "Surely yesh tell me how to meet Lord Higa’s demands. village can be spared.” But the wise men shook their heads. “It is impossible to make even one rope of ash, sire," they answered, "How can we make one thousand?" Fools!" the lord cried angrily. "What good is your wisdom if you cannot help me now?" He then posted a notice in the village square offering a great reward of gold to any villager who could help him save their village. NOT FOR SALE (PESRP)The young farmer, saw the notice as well, and wondered what would happen to his mother if a new lord even more terrible than their own Lidia came to rule over them. Who sent the When his mother saw the troubled look on his face, she asked, "Why do ba uO you look so worried, my son?" The farmer told her of the impossible demand made by Lord Higa ifthe village was to be spared, but his mother did not seem troubled at all. Instead she laughed softly and said, "Why, that is not such an impossible task. All one has to do is soak ordinary rope in salt water and dry it well. When itis burned, it will hold its shape and there is your rope of ashi ¥alithe villagers to hurry and find one thousand pieces of rope.” The farmer shook his head in amazement. "Mother, you are wonderfully wise," he said, and he rushed to tell the young lord what he must do. lord said when he heard the farmer's solution, and hy rewarded him with many pieces of gold. The tho ropes of ash were quickly made and the village 4as spared. Ina few days, however, there was sro commotion in the village as Lord Higa séaDyet threat. This time he sent a log with a@hall hi was curved and bent seven times thingugh itsde(QY>. and he demanded that a single piece @Psnk thgeathbe threaded through the hole. “If y on rforthis task." the lord threatened, "I shalitome t jer your village. The young lord \d once more to his wise men, but they all sho@@sheir heads in bewilderment: "A needle cannot bend its way t such curves," they moaned. "Again we are faced with an impossible démand." What was the third threat? “Again you act as stupid fools!" the lord said, stamping his foot impatiently. He then posted a second notice in the village square asking Villagers for their help. Once more the young farmer hurtied with the new problem to his mother in her secret room "Why, that is not so difficult,” his mother said with a quick smile. "Put some sugar at one end of the hole. Then, tie an ant to a piece of silk thread and put it in at the other end. He will weave his way in and out of the curves to get to the sugar and he will take the silk thread with him" NOT FOR SALE (PESRP)‘Once more the lord commended the young farmer and rewarded him with many pieces of gold. “You are a brilliant man and you have saved our village again," he said gratefully. But the lord's troubles were not over even then, for a few days later, Lord Higa sent another demand. “This-time you will undoubtedly fail and then | shall make your village mine," he threatened. *Bring me a drum that makes sounds without being beaten." This time the wise men held their heads in their hands and moaned, “It is hopeless. It is hopeless. This time Lord Higa will attack us.” ‘The young farmer hurried home breathlessly. "Mother, Mother, we must solve another terrible problem or Lord Higa will conquer our village!" And he quickly teld his mother about the impossible drum. His mother, however, smiled and answered, "Why, Pon easiest of them all. Make a drum with sides of papern put a bumblebee inside. As it tries to escape, it and beat itself against the paper and you wi ‘drum that makes sounds without being beaten The young farmer was amazed at his m are far wiser than any of the wise maf see said, and he hurried to tell the xO oe Higa's third demand. When the lord heard tl or \e@Ayreatly impressed. OU c "Surely a young ma f wiser than all my wise men," he saide4{ell me honettly, who has Felped you solve all thes ont problems? The vara ‘could not lie. "My lord,” he began slowly, “for the past two years, | have broken the law of the land. | have kept my aged mother hidden beneath the floor of my house, and it is she who solved each one of your problems and saved the village from Lord Higa." I have been very wrong," he said finally. "And | must ask the forgiveness of your mother and of all my people. Never again will | demand that the old people of our village be sent to the mountains to die. Rather, they wil be treated with the respect and honour they deserve and share with us the wisdom of their years.” 76] NorFoR SALE (PESRP)