NCERT Solutions Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 Exercise 7.
Q1. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the join of (−1, 7) and (4, −3)
in the ratio 2:3.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Reasoning:
The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment joining the points
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), internally, in the ratio m1 : m2 is given by the Section Formula
mx 2 + nx1 my 2 + ny1
P(x, y) = ,
m+n m + n
Known:
The x and y co-ordinates of the points which is to be divided in the ratio 2:3
Unknown:
The coordinates of the point which divides the join of (−1, 7) and (4, −3) in the ratio 2:3
Solution:
Given,
• Let P(x, y) be the required point.
• Let A(−1, 7) and B(4, −3)
• m: n = 2:3
• Hence
o x1 = −1
o y1 = 7
o x2 = 4
o y2 = −3
By Section formula
mx 2 + nx1 my 2 + ny1
P(x, y) = , ...Equation (1)
m+n m + n
By substituting the values in the Equation (1)
2 4 + 3x(−1) 2 (−3) + 3 7
x= y=
2+3 2+3
8−3 −6 + 21
x= y=
5 5
5 15
x = =1 y= =3
5 5
Therefore, the co-ordinates of point P are (1, 3).
Q2. Find the coordinates of the points of trisection of the line segment joining (4,
−1) and (−2, −3).
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reasoning:
The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment joining the points
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), internally, in the ratio m1 : m2 is given by the Section Formula.
Known:
The x and y co-ordinates of the line segment joining (4, −1) and (−2, −3).
Unknown:
The coordinates of the points of trisection of the line segment joining (4, −1) and
(−2, −3).
Solution:
Given,
• Let line segment joining the points be A(4, −1) and B(−2, −3).
• Let P (x1, y1) and Q (x2, y2) be the points of trisection of the line segment joining
the given points i.e., AP = PQ = QB
By Section formula
mx + nx1 my 2 + ny1
P(x,y) = 2 , ...Equation (1)
m+n m + n
Therefore, by observation point P divides AB internally in the ratio 1:2.
• Hence m: n = 1:2
By substituting the values in the Equation (1)
1 (−2) + 2 4 1 (−3) + 2 (−1)
x1 = , y1 =
1+ 2 1+ 2
−2 + 8 6 −3 − 2 −5
x1 = = = 2, y1 = =
3 3 3 3
−
Therefore, P ( x1 , y1 ) = 2,
5
3
Therefore, by observation point Q divides AB internally in the ratio 2:1.
• Hence m:n = 2:1
By substituting the values in the Equation (1)
2 (−2) + 1 4 2x(−3) + 1 (−1)
x2 = , y2 =
2 +1 2 +1
−4 + 4 −6 − 1 −7
x2 = = 0, y2 = =
3 3 3
Therefore, Q ( x 2 , y 2 ) = 0, −
7
3
−5
Hence the points of trisection are P ( x1 , y1 ) = 2, 7
and Q ( x 2 , y 2 ) = 0, −
3 3
Q3. To conduct Sports Day activities, in your rectangular shaped school ground
ABCD, lines have been drawn with chalk powder at a distance of 1m each.
100 flower pots have been placed at a distance of 1m from each other along AD, as
1
shown in the following figure. Niharika runs th the distance AD on the 2nd line
4
1
and posts a green flag. Preet runs th the distance AD on the eighth line and posts
5
a red flag. What is the distance between both the flags? If Rashmi has to post a blue
flag exactly halfway between the line segments joining the two flags, where should
she post her flag?
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reasoning:
The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment joining the points
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), internally, in the ratio m1 : m2 is given by the Section Formula.
Known:
• The school ground ABCD is rectangular shaped.
• Lines are drawn at a distance of 1m each and 100 flower pots have been placed at
a distance of 1m each along AD.
• The distance covered by Niharika and Preet on line AD.
Unknown:
• The distance between the flags posted by Niharika and Preet.
• The position on the line segment where Rashmi has to post the flag.
Solution:
From the Figure,
Given,
• By observation, that Niharika posted the green flag at of the distance P i.e.,
1
100 m = 25 m from the starting point of 2 line. Therefore, the coordinates of
nd
4
this point P is (2, 25).
1
of the distance Q i.e., 100 m = 20 m from
1
• Similarly, Preet posted red flag at
5 5
th
the starting point of 8 line. Therefore, the coordinates of this point Q are (8, 20)
We know that the distance between the two points is given by the Distance Formula,
( x1 − x 2 ) + ( y1 − y2 )
2 2
...Equation (1)
To find the distance between these flags PQ by substituting the values in Equation (1),
PQ = (2 − 8) 2 + (25 − 20) 2
= 36 + 25
= 61m
• The point at which Rashmi should post her blue flag is the mid-point of the line
joining these points.
• Let this point be M (x, y).
By Section formula
mx 2 + nx1 my 2 + ny1
P(x, y) = , ... Equation (2)
m+n m + n
2+8 25 + 20
x= , y=
2 2
10 45
x= y=
2 2
x = 5, y = 22.5
Therefore, Rashmi should post her blue flag at 22.5 m on 5th line
Q4. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining the points (−3, 10) and (6, −8)
is divided by (−1, 6).
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reasoning:
The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment joining the points
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), internally, in the ratio m1 : m2 is given by the Section Formula.
mx + nx1 my 2 + ny1
P(x, y) = 2 ,
m+n m + n
Known:
The x and y co-ordinates of the line segment which is divided by the point (−1, 6).
Unknown:
The ratio in which the line segment joining the points (−3, 10) and (6, −8) is divided by
(−1, 6).
Solution:
From the figure,
Given,
• Let the ratio in which the line segment joining A(−3, 10) and B(6, −8) is divided
by point P(−1, 6) be k:1.
By Section formula
mx + nx1 my 2 + ny1
P (x, y) = 2 , ...Equation (2)
m+n m + n
Therefore,
6k − 3
−1 =
k +1
− k − 1 = 6k − 3
7k = 2 (By Cross Multiplying & Transposing)
2
k=
7
Hence the point P divides AB in the ratio 2:7
Q5. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining A (1, −5) and B (−4, 5) is divided by
the x-axis. Also find the coordinates of the point of division.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reasoning:
The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment joining the points
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), internally, in the ratio m1 : m2 is given by the Section Formula.
Known:
The x and y co-ordinates of the line segment which is divided by the x-axis.
Unknown:
The ratio in which the line segment joining A (1, −5) and B (−4, 5) is divided by the x-
axis and the coordinates of the point of division
Solution:
From the Figure,
Given,
• Let the ratio be k : 1.
• Let the line segment joining A (1, −5) and B (−4, 5)
By Section formula
mx 2 + nx1 my 2 + ny1
P(x, y) = , ...Equation (1)
m+n m + n
By substituting the values in Equation (1)
−4k + 1 5k − 5
Therefore, the coordinates of the point of division is ,
k +1 k +1
We know that y-coordinate of any point on x-axis is 0.
5k − 5
=0
k +1
5k − 5 = 0
→ 5k = 5 (By cross multiplying & Transposing)
k =1
Therefore, x-axis divides it in the ratio 1:1.
−4(1) + 1 5(1) + 5
Division point = ,
1+1 1+1
−4 + 1 5 + 5
= ,
2 2
−3
= ,0
2
Q6. If (1, 2), (4, y), (x, 6) and (3, 5) are the vertices of a parallelogram taken in order,
find x and y.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reasoning:
The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment joining the points
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), internally, in the ratio m1 : m2 is given by the Section Formula.
mx + nx1 my 2 + ny1
P(x, y) = 2 ,
m+n m + n
Known:
The x and y co-ordinates of the vertices of the parallelogram.
Unknown:
The missing x and y co-ordinate.
Solution:
From the Figure,
Given,
• Let A (1, 2), B (4, y), C(x, 6), and D (3, 5) are the vertices of a parallelogram
ABCD.
• Since the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other, Intersection point O of
diagonal AC and BD also divides these diagonals
Therefore, O is the mid-point of AC and BD.
If O is the mid-point of AC, then the coordinates of O are
1+ x 2 + 6 x +1
, , 4
2 2 2
If O is the mid-point of BD, then the coordinates of O are
4+3 5+ y 7 5+ y
, ,
2 2 2 2
Since both the coordinates are of the same point O,
x +1 7 5+ y
= and 4 =
2 2 2
x + 1 = 7 and 5 + y = 8 (By cross multiplying & transposing)
x = 6 and y = 3
Q7. Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is the diameter of circle whose
center is (2, −3) and B is (1, 4)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reasoning:
The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment joining the points
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), internally, in the ratio m1 : m2 is given by the Section Formula.
Known:
The x and y co-ordinates of the center of the circle and one end of the diameter B.
Unknown:
The coordinates of a point A.
Solution:
From the Figure,
Given,
• Let the coordinates of point A be (x, y).
• Mid-point of AB is C (2, −3), which is the center of the circle.
x +1 y + 4
(2, −3) = ,
2 2
x +1 y+4
= 2 and = −3 (By Cross multiplying & transposing)
2 2
x + 1 = 4 and y + 4 = −6
x = 3 and y = −10
Therefore, the coordinates of A are (3, −10)
Q8. If A and B are (−2, −2) and (2, −4), respectively, find the coordinates of P such
3
that AP = AB and P lies on the line segment AB.
7
Reasoning:
The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment joining the points
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), internally, in the ratio m1 : m2 is given by the Section Formula.
mx + nx1 my 2 + ny1
P(x, y) = 2 ,
m+n m + n
Known:
The x and y co-ordinates of the points A and B.
The ratio in which P divides AB.
Unknown:
Co-ordinates of P
Solution:
From the Figure,
Given,
• The coordinates of point A and B are (−2, −2) and (2, −4) respectively.
3
• AP = AB
7
AB 7
Hence =
AP 3
We know that AB = AP + PB from figure,
AP + PB 3 + 4
=
AP 3
PB 4
1+ = 1+
AP 3
PB 4
=
AP 3
Therefore, AP:PB = 3:4
Point P(x, y) divides the line segment AB in the ratio 3:4. Using Section Formula,
3 2 + 4 (−2) 3 (−4) + 4 (−2)
Coordinates of P(x, y) = ,
3+ 4 3+ 4
6 − 8 −12 − 8
= ,
7 7
2 20
= − , −
7 7
Q9. Find the coordinates of the points which divide the line segment joining
A (−2, 2) and B (2, 8) into four equal parts.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reasoning:
The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment joining the points
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), internally, in the ratio m1 : m2 is given by the Section Formula.
Known:
The x and y co-ordinates of the points A and B.
Unknown:
The coordinates of the points which divide the line segment joining A (−2, 2) and B (2, 8)
into four equal parts.
Solution:
From the Figure,
By observation, that points P, Q, R divides the line segment A (−2, 2) and B (2, 8) into
four equal parts
Point P divides the line segment AQ into two equal parts
1 2 + 3 (−2) 1 8 + 3 2
Hence, Coordinates of P = ,
1+ 3 1+ 3
7
= −1,
2
Point Q divides the line segment AB into two equal parts
2 + (−2) 2 + 8
Coordinates of Q = ,
2 2
= (0, 5)
Point R divides the line segment BQ into two equal parts
3 2 + 1 (−2) 3 8 + 1 2
Coordinates of R = ,
3 +1 3 +1
13
= 1,
2
Q10. Find the area of a rhombus if its vertices are (3, 0), (4, 5), (−1, 4) and (−2, −1)
taken in order. [Hint: Area of a rhombus = (product of its diagonals)]
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reasoning:
A rhombus has all sides of equal length and opposite sides are parallel.
Known:
The x and y co-ordinates of the vertices of the rhombus.
Unknown:
The area of the rhombus
Solution:
From the Figure,
Given,
• Let A(3, 0), B(4, 5), C(−1, 4) and D(−2, −1) are the vertices of a rhombus ABCD.
We know that the distance between the two points is given by the Distance Formula,
( x1 − x 2 ) + ( y1 − y2 )
2 2
... Equation (1)
Therefore, distance between A (3, 0) and C (−1, 4) is given by
Length of diagonal AC = [3 − (−1)]2 + (0 − 4)2
= 16 + 16 = 4 2
Therefore, distance between B (4, 5) and D (−2, −1) is given by
Length of diagonal BD = [4 − (−2)]2 + ( 5 − (−1) 2
= 36 + 36
=6 2
1
Area of the rhombus ABCD = (Product of lengths of diagonals)
2
1
= AC BD
2
Therefore, area of rhombus
1
ABCD = 4 2 6 2
2
= 24 square units
