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Gen Math Unit1Lesson1

This document provides an introduction to functions including: 1. The definition of a function as a relation where each input is mapped to exactly one output and no two ordered pairs have the same input. 2. Examples of relations and functions represented by ordered pairs and mapping diagrams. Functions can be identified by the vertical line test where a graph represents a function if each vertical line intersects the graph at most once. 3. Functions can model real-life situations like the cost of meals based on number purchased or the area of a rectangle that can be enclosed by a fixed length of fencing based on one side. Piecewise functions allow situations to be described by more than one formula depending on the independent variable

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50 views5 pages

Gen Math Unit1Lesson1

This document provides an introduction to functions including: 1. The definition of a function as a relation where each input is mapped to exactly one output and no two ordered pairs have the same input. 2. Examples of relations and functions represented by ordered pairs and mapping diagrams. Functions can be identified by the vertical line test where a graph represents a function if each vertical line intersects the graph at most once. 3. Functions can model real-life situations like the cost of meals based on number purchased or the area of a rectangle that can be enclosed by a fixed length of fencing based on one side. Piecewise functions allow situations to be described by more than one formula depending on the independent variable

Uploaded by

fetalcojohnlenard
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT 1: Functions

Lesson 1: Functions
Definition 1
A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a second set
of values (called range).

A function is a set of ordered pairs (x, y) such that no two ordered pairs have the same x-value
but different y-values. Using functional notation, we can write 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦, read as “f of x is equal
to y.” If (1, 2) is an ordered pair associated with the function f, then we say that 𝑓(2) = 1.

Example 1: Which of the following relations are functions?


a. 𝑓 = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (4, 7)}
b. 𝑔 = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7)}
c. ℎ = {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), … , (𝑛, 3𝑛), … }

Relations and functions can be represented by mapping diagrams where the elements of the
domain are mapped to the elements of the range using arrows. In this case, the relation or
function is represented by the set of all the connections represented by the arrows.

Example 2: Which of the following mapping diagrams represent functions?

x y
f
1 3
2 5
3 9

4 17

5 33
x y
g
5
6 0
7

8 1

x y
h
7 11
13
2 17

19

1 23

The Vertical Line Test


A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line intersects the graph at most once.

Example 3: Which of the following can be graphs of functions?

a.
b.

c.

d.
e.

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
1. Relations are rules that relate two values, one from a set of inputs and the second from
the set of outputs.
2. Functions are rules that relate only one value from the set of outputs to a value from
the set of inputs.

Definition 2
The domain of a relation is the set of all possible values that the variable x can take.

Example 4: Identify the domain for each relation using set builder notation.
a. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1
b. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2
c. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1
d. 𝑦 = √𝑥 + 1
2𝑥+1
e. 𝑦 = 𝑥−1
f. 𝑦 = |𝑥| + 1, where x is the greatest integer function.
Functions as representatives on real-life situations.
Functions can be used to model real situations. Identifying appropriate functional model will lead
to a better understanding of the various phenomena.

Example 5: Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x meals, if one meal costs
Php40.00.
Example 6: One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a rectangular area next to a
river. Give a function A that can represent the area that can be enclosed, in terms of x.
Piecewise Functions
Some situations can only be described by more than one formula, depending on the value of the
independent variable.

Example 7: A user is charged PhP300 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which includes 100
fee text messages. Messages more than 100 are charged PhP1.00 each. Represent the monthly
cost for text messaging using the function t(m), where m is the number of messages sent in
month.
Example 8: A jeepney ride costs PhP8.00 for the first 4 kilometers, and each additional integer
kilometer adds PhP1.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the jeepney fare in
terms of the distance (d) in kilometers.

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