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The Introduction of Philosophy

The document provides an overview of the introduction to philosophy. It defines philosophy as coming from the Greek words "philo" meaning love and "sophia" meaning wisdom. Philosophy is described as the systematic study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, reality, ethics, and thought through reasoning and analysis. The document outlines some key principles of philosophy including its scientific approach using logical steps, reliance on natural human reason over instruments, study of all things, and focus on fundamental principles and causes. It also summarizes some main branches of philosophy including metaphysics which studies reality and existence, and ethics which examines moral virtue and evaluates human actions.

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29 views3 pages

The Introduction of Philosophy

The document provides an overview of the introduction to philosophy. It defines philosophy as coming from the Greek words "philo" meaning love and "sophia" meaning wisdom. Philosophy is described as the systematic study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, reality, ethics, and thought through reasoning and analysis. The document outlines some key principles of philosophy including its scientific approach using logical steps, reliance on natural human reason over instruments, study of all things, and focus on fundamental principles and causes. It also summarizes some main branches of philosophy including metaphysics which studies reality and existence, and ethics which examines moral virtue and evaluates human actions.

Uploaded by

hisaangel17
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Introduction of Philosophy

Philosophy

Comes from two Greek words PHILO means LOVE and SOPHIA means WISDOM.

Diversity – Human difference

Principle – Fundamental of truth

Philosophy – is also defined as the attitude of the mind that by natural light of reason studies the first
causes or the highest principles of all the things.

- The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when
considered as an academic discipline.
- Philosophy is a systematic and critical inquiry into fundamental questions about reality,
existence, knowledge, ethics, and the nature of thought itself. It seeks to explore and
understand the fundamental aspects of human experience and the universe, often through
careful analysis, reasoning, and reflection. Philosophers engage in the pursuit of wisdom and
understanding by asking profound questions and attempting to provide reasoned and coherent
answers.

Under the definition, four things are to be considered

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH – it uses approach because the investigation is systematic. It follow certain steps
or employs certain procedure. In other word, it is an organized body of knowledge just like any other.

NATURAL LIGHT OF REASON- Philosophy investigation things, neither by using any laboratory
instruments, natural capacity of think or observe the world and people.

STUDY OF ALL THINGS – This sets the distinction between philosophy and other science. All other
sciences concern themselves with a particular object of investigation.

HIGHEST PRINCIPLE – idea which means something is the main and first cause why an event or situation
took.

 Principle of Identity – it means a things, idea , or person always has name and a characteristic
for that thing to exist
 Principle of Non contradiction – it is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time
and at the same respect. One Truth One Lie
 Principle of Excluded Middle – a thing is either is or not, everything must be either be or not be
between being and not being there is no middle ground possible. Statement is neither true or
false
 Principle of Sufficient Reason – nothing exist without a sufficient reason for its being and
existence. Everything must have a reason why they exist
The Branches of Philosophy
A. Metaphysics

Metaphysics is only an extension of the fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know
what is real. What is reality, why does reality exist, and how does it exist are just some of the questions
pursued by metaphysics.

B. Ethics

Is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates the morality and virtue
of human actions.

C. Ethicists

Who study morality from the perspective of philosophy appeal to logical arguments to justify claims and
positions, involving morality.

Ethics has five main frameworks:

1. Divine command- What does God ordain us to do? In this framework, a strong sense of
individualism does not exist, but rather, the collective is emphasized.
- Moral depends on God

2. Consequentialism or utilitarianism- What has the most desirable consequences? Jeremy


Bentham, stoics, and Epicureans are the authors of this ethical theory. In others, what is good
for the greatest number of people is the best choice and moral choice.
- Not something is right by what is consequences

3. Deontological ethics- Whatever is my moral duty to do. This means that a person has a moral
duty to do what is right regardless of what the person thinks or feels about that situation.
- Action is considered morally good because of some characteristics of action itself

4. Virtue ethics- What kind of person I ought to be. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle are some
examples. This ethical theory ignores the consequences, duties, and social contracts.
- Acting in order to bring about good consequences
5. Relativism- What does my culture or society think I ought to do? The divine command discusses
how personal religious beliefs and spiritual attitudes are specially important personal
commitments that are relevant to personal and professional lives
- The belief that there’s no absolute truth only the truth that a particular individual or culture
happen to believe.

STUDY WELL AND KEEP SMILE EVERYONE – Sir. A shesshh

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