Dr. Adel M.
Salem
Al-Azhar University
Faculty of Engineering, Qena Branch
Reservoir Rock and Assignment Fall 2020
Fluid Properties No. 4 Dec. 2020
PEQ 202
Part I: Answer all the following and submit 5 ONLY.
1. Define each of the following:
a. Permeability
b. Darcy unit
c. Tortuosity Coefficient (τ)
d. Relative permeability to oil
e. Relative permeability ratio.
2. Compare between each of the following:
a. Absolute and effective permeability
b. Incompressible and compressible fluids
c. Steady-state flow and unsteady-state flow
d. Linear and radial flow
e. Drainage and imbibition process
3. List the assumptions of Darcy’s Equation.
4. Write down the Darcy’s Equation.
5. Describe how the core permeability can be measured using a liquid.
6. Write a brief account about Klinkenberg Effect.
7. What are the main factors affecting the magnitude of permeability?
8. Draw the typical relationship between rock porosity and permeability.
9. Write down the permeability equation used for:
a. Incompressible linear flow
b. Incompressible radial flow
c. Compressible linear flow
d. Compressible radial flow.
10. Draw a relative permeability curve for a water wet reservoir rock.
11. Describe the hysteresis effects in relative permeability
Page 1 of 6 HW #4_Dr. Adel M. Salem
Part II: Solve all the following and submit 4 ONLY.
Problem 1:
A 10-cm long cylindercal core sample was subjected to a laboratory
linear flow test under a pressure differential pf 5.5 atm using a
viscosity 2.6 cp. The diamter of the core is 4.5 cm. A flow rate of
0.45 cm3/s was obtained. Calculate the petmeability of this corse
sample.
Problem 2:
A brine is used to measure the absolute permeability of a core plug.
The rock sample is 4 cm long and 3 cm2 in cross section. The brine
has a viscosity of 1.0 cp and is flowing a constant rate of 0.5
cm3/sec under a 2.0 atm pressure differential. Calculate the
absolute permeability.
Rework the above assuming that an oil of 2.0 cp is used to
measure the permeability. Under the same differential pressure, the
flow rate is 0.25 cm3/sec.
Problem 3:
Given the following permeability data from a core analysis report,
calculate the average permeability of the reservoir.
Depth, ft Ki, md
3998-4002 200
4002-4004 130
4004-4006 170
4006-4008 180
4008-4010 140
Problem 4:
A hydrocarbon reservoir is characterized by five distinct formation
segments that are connected in series. Each segment has the same
formation thickness. The length and permeability of each section of
the five bed reservoir are given below:
Length, ft Ki, md
150 80
200 50
300 30
500 20
200 10
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Calculate the average permeability of the reservoir by assuming:
a. Linear flow system
b. Radial flow system
Problem 5:
A 3000-ft diameter unit in a reservoir has a permeability of 320 md
and is produced by a 9 inch well. While drilling the well, the
reservoir permeability is damaged down to 130 md in a zone 5 feet
in diameter around the well. Acid stimulation of the well elevated
the damage zone permeability up to 560 md.
Compute the unit’s average permeability before and after
stimulation.
Problem 6:
Given the following core data, calculate the geometric average
permeability:
Sample H, ft Ki, md
1 1 10
2 1 30
3 0.5 100
4 1.5 40
5 2 80
6 1.5 70
7 1 15
8 1 50
9 1.5 35
10 0.5 20
Problem 7:
A well drains a reservoir consisting of two beds with undamaged
absolute permeabilities of 4000 and 950, and thicknesses of 30
and 20 ft, respectively. Near the well the formation is damaged to a
depth of 33 ft, resulting in reduced permeabilities of 600 and 300
md, respectively. The well radius is 0.33 ft, and no vertical
movement of fluid takes place. The depth of the undamaged zone
(from the damaged zone to the external radius) is 3300 ft.
What is the average permeability without damage?
What is the average permeability of this drainage area?
Page 3 of 6 HW #4_Dr. Adel M. Salem
Problem 8:
Compute the permeability of the core sample whose flow data is
shown in Figure 1 (below), if the sample is 5 cm in diameter and 10
cm long. The fluid used in the experiment is an oil with a viscosity
of 1.6 cp.
Figure 1. Problem 8.
Problem 9:
Compute the steady-state flow of water in a core sample 4” long, 1”
in diameter with permeability of 150 md if the inlet pressure is 50
psia and the outlet pressure is atmospheric. The viscosity of water
at the conditions of the test is 0.95 cp.
Problem 10:
Determine the average permeability for the following set of layers
placed in series in the following cases:
A. Linear flow
B. Radial flow (rw = 0.5 ft and re = 2000.5 ft)
Bed # 1 2 3 4
L or Thick, ft 250 250 500 1000
K, md 25 50 100 200
Problem 11:
The permeability of a 160-acre formation drained by a single well is
15 md. The well heavily acidized to a permeability of 250 md. and
a radius of 30 ft, and then completed. During well completion, a 2
ft thick damaged zone developed in the vicinity of the wellbore. The
permeability of this damaged segment is 4 md. The wellbore radius
is 0.50 ft. Calculate the average permeability of this drainage area.
Page 4 of 6 HW #4_Dr. Adel M. Salem
Problem 12:
A heterogeneous reservoir have three parallel layers A,B and C ;
where layer A and B are homogeneous while layer C consists of four
series segments (C1,C2,C3 and C4) of different permeability and
same thickness, Calculate the average reservoir permeability
assuming a linear flow system from the data given below:
Problem 13:
Given the following permeability data from a core analysis report,
calculate the average permeability of the layered reservoir.
Layer Depth (ft) Permeability (md)
1 4000-4005 120
2 4005-4012 130
3 4012-4016 200
4 4016-4021 90
5 4021-4025 150
Problem 14:
What is the flow rate of a horizontal rectangular system when the
conditions are as follows:
K = 300 md A = 6.3 ft2 µo = 1 cp
L = 8.67 ft P1 = 5.02 atm P2 = 2 atm
Problem 14:
Determine the oil flow rate in a radial system with the following set
of conditions:
K = 400 md re = 3300 ft h = 100 ft rw = 0.5 ft
Pe = 3500 psia Pwf = 1750 psia µo= 1.3 cp
Page 5 of 6 HW #4_Dr. Adel M. Salem
Problem 15:
The following data were measured during laboratory work to
determine specific permeability of the rock using air:
Run Outlet volume, ft3 ∆P, inch Hg T, sec
1 0.100 3.90 700
2 0.292 14.96 462
3 0.404 25.04 331
4 0.515 39.91 236
P2 = 1 atm A = 1.36 cm2 L = 1.3 cm µ = 0.0183 cp
Determine the absolute permeability of the rock.
Problem 16:
Given the following laboratory data for measuring the absolute
permeability by air:
A = 5 cm2 L = 4 cm µ = 0.0183 cp
Run q2, cc/sec P1, atm P2, atm
1 20.478 1.5 1
2 65.074 2.33 1
3 199.775 4.00 1
4 392.520 5.66 1
Calculate the absolute permeability of the sample?
All best wishes
Dr. Adel Salem
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