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DNA Replication Transcription and Translation TRANSES

This document discusses several key concepts in DNA replication, transcription, and translation. It defines template DNA, semi-conservative replication, DNA helicase, annealing, single-stranded binding proteins, DNA gyrase, replication forks, replication bubbles, DNA polymerase III, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, RNA primers, primase, leading and lagging strands, Okazaki fragments, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase, and exonuclease. The main steps in DNA replication involve unwinding the DNA double helix, synthesizing new strands using DNA polymerase and RNA primers, and joining DNA fragments.

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66 views5 pages

DNA Replication Transcription and Translation TRANSES

This document discusses several key concepts in DNA replication, transcription, and translation. It defines template DNA, semi-conservative replication, DNA helicase, annealing, single-stranded binding proteins, DNA gyrase, replication forks, replication bubbles, DNA polymerase III, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, RNA primers, primase, leading and lagging strands, Okazaki fragments, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase, and exonuclease. The main steps in DNA replication involve unwinding the DNA double helix, synthesizing new strands using DNA polymerase and RNA primers, and joining DNA fragments.

Uploaded by

mngnmg8
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DNA REPLICATION, TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION

Cell and Molecular Biology

Template

• A single stranded DNA sequence


that acts as the guiding pattern for
producing a complementary DNA
strand.

Semi conservative replication

● Process of replication in which


each DNA molecule is
composed of one parent strand
and one newly synthesized
strand.

DNA Helicase

• The enzyme that


unwinds double helical DNA by
disrupting hydrogen bonds.

Anneal

• The pairing of complementary


strands of DNA through hydrogen
bonding.
Single-stranded binding proteins

• A protein that keeps separate strands


of DNA apart.

DNA gyrase

• The bacterial enzyme that relieves


the tension produced by the unwinding of
DNA during replication.

Replication Fork

• The region where the enzymes


replicating a DNA molecule are
bound to untwisted, single
stranded DNA.

Replication Bubble

• The region where two replication


forks are I close proximity to each
other, producing a bubble in the
replicating DNA.
DNA polymerase III

• The enzyme responsible for


synthesizing complementary strands of
DNA during DNA replication

Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates

• Molecules composed of a
deoxyribose bonded to three phosphate
groups and a nitrogenous base.

RNA Primer

• A sequence of 10 to 60 RNA bases


that is annealed to a region of single
stranded DNA for the purpose of initiating
DNA replication.

Primase

• The enzyme that builds RNA primers.

Leading strand

• The new strand of DNA that is synthesized


continuously during replication.
Lagging strand

• The new strand of DNA that is synthesized in


short fragments which are later joined together.

Okazaki fragments

Short fragments of DNA that are a result of


synthesis of the lagging strand during
DNAreplication.

DNA polymerase I

• An enzyme that removes RNA


primers and replaces them with the
appropriate deoxyribonucleotides during
DNA replication

DNA ligase

• The enzyme that joins DNA


fragments together by catalyzing the
formation of a bond between the 3'
hydroxyl group and a 5' phosphate group
on the sugar-phosphate backbones.
Exonuclease

An enzyme that cuts out nucleotides at the


end of a DNA strand.

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