THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

UNIT II: THE STRUCTURE OF GLOBALIZATION GOVERNMENT

THE GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM  Has the sovereignty over its own territory.
 Decisions, conflict resolution, country-wide
NATION – STATE
planning and development plans are done
 A system of organization in which people through the different government institutions
with a common identity live inside a country  Activities of the civil societies like the private
with firm borders and a single government enterprises, churches, healthcare providers,
(Roeder, 2007). professional and business organizations
 Two fundamentals elements (State and and non-government organizations are
Nation) supplementary to the government.
 Sovereign institution which governs
individuals sharing a collective history, EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION TO
culture identity, and culture within a GOVERNMENT
bounded territory.

* The terms State and Nation so far have been

used inter-changeably, but it is important to
distinguish the two.

STATE

 refers to a distinctive political community

with its own government which asserts
sovereignty over its land and people.
 All the rules and laws, the government
officials and their titles, the physical
boundaries and those who define them. 1. TRADITIONAL CHALLENGES
 Elements: People, Territory, Government,
Sovereignty (internal sovereignty, external
sovereignty)
 State is considered the representative of
the people.
 The people is the source of the state’s
sovereignty; it is the people who give the
state its legitimacy.

NATION

 Refers to socially – constructed

communities that hold together people
bound by common history and culture,
cutting across some identities such as
ethnicity, language and religion.

*One nation can be created by different

states, example is Arab Nation (Egypt,
Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Algeria etc.)

*States can be created by different nations,

example is United Kingdom, (English
Nation, Scottish Nation , Welsh and Irish
Nation)
THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

2. CHALLENGES FROM NATIONAL / IDENTITY

MOVEMENTS

3. GLOBAL ECONOMY

4. GLOBAL SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

Peace Treaties and Military Alliances

OTHER EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION TO
GOVERNMENT 1. United Nations (UN)
Main Purpose:
 Help maintain world peace and security
 Developing relations among nations
 Help solve economic, social, cultural, or
humanitarian international

UN International Court Justice

 Also known as the World Court

 The judicial body of the United
Nations
*Settle International Disputes
THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

2. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) INTERNATIONALISM VS GLOBALISM

 Intergovernmental defensive treaty or
military alliance
 Collective self-defence – an attack to
one member nation means an attack to
all member nations
 Signed April 4, 1949
*Collective Security of Nations

Social and Economic Growth

Internationalism is a belief and/ or a movement
1. Red Cross (Red Crescent in Muslim which promotes better cooperation among nations
countries) in the following aspects: economic, political,
 Organized in 1863 to help those who social
were wounded by wars
 An independent and neutral organization

*Help those affected by war, conflict, and

disasters

2. Doctors without Borders

 Free emergency healthcare in disaster
areas
1. Hegemonic internationalism
3. Oxfam
 A concept that the world is being
 Fights famine and disease
integrated based on unequal terms –
4. Amnesty International
with one nation dominating over other
 Advocates for human rights and political
nations.
prisoners
 Colonialism and Imperialism are
5. Save the Children
example of this type of internationalism.
 Helps children get health care and
education Example: British Empire from 16th to 18th
century
Global Economy
2. Revolutionary internationalism
1. World Trade Organization (WTO)
 a concept which contends that conflicts
 An organization for liberalizing trade arise within societies due to international
 Provides a forum for governments to factors and alliances.
negotiate trade agreements and to settle  Examples: French Revolution,
trade disputes Feminism, Environmentalism
 It operates a system of trade rules
3. Liberal internationalism
2. North American Free Trade Agreement  A concept that promotes the
(NAFTA) achievement of common goals such as
 Economic treaty between the US, world peace, poverty eradication, and
Canada, and Mexico sustainable development through
 November, 2018 – Became United greater cooperation among nations.
States Mexico Canada Agreement  Example: UN sustainable Development
(USMCA) Goals Health care, Life-saving causes of
 Free Trade between USA, Canada and Red Cross
Mexico

* Conversely, international relations help improve

our lives by helping address many global issues
such as: human rights, environmental
protection, poverty reduction, education, health
care, peace and security.
THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Globalism seeks to describe and explain nothing

more than a world which is characterized by
networks of connections that span multi-continental
distances. –(Nye, 2002)-

1. Economic Globalism
 flows of goods, services, and capital.
Examples: Export and Import of Goods, E-
commerce

2. Military Globalism
 deployment of potential conflict or threats of
force or war.
Example: “balance error” between the United
States and Soviet Union during Cold War.

3. Environmental Globalism
 activities such as manufacturing, travel,
transport of goods, utilization of natural
resources that pollute the land, sea, and
air.
Example: Global Warming

4. Social and Cultural Globalism

 movements of ideas, information, and
people.
Example: fusion in Cuisine, Fashion, and Arts.