CS461
Data Comms &
Networks
Motivation
Model
Data Comms Data Communications and Networks
Networks
The Internet
Examples
CS461: Computer Networks
HiLCoE
School of Computer Science and Technology
CS461
Contents
Data Comms &
Networks
Motivation
Motivation
Model
Data Comms
Networks A Communications Model
The Internet
Data Communications
Networks
The Internet
Examples
CS461
What Is Data Communications?
Data Comms &
Networks
I When we communicate we are sharing information
Motivation I Local sharing, e.g. face-to-face
Model I Remote sharing, e.g. over some distance
Data Comms
I Data: information being shared, e.g. text, numbers,
Networks
images, audio, video
The Internet
I Data Communications: exchange of data between two
(or more) devices via some transmission medium
CS461
Effective Data Communications
Data Comms &
Networks
Delivery: the data must be delivered to the correct
Motivation destination
Model
Accuracy: the data received must be accurate
Data Comms
Networks
representation of the data sent
The Internet Timeliness: the data should be delivered within a
reasonable time
CS461
Contents
Data Comms &
Networks
Motivation
Motivation
Model
Data Comms
Networks A Communications Model
The Internet
Data Communications
Networks
The Internet
Examples
CS461
Simplified Communications Model
Data Comms &
Networks
Motivation
Model
Data Comms
Networks
The Internet
Source: Device that generates data to be transmitted
Transmitter: Converts data from source into transmittable
signals
Transmission system: Carries data from source to destination
Receiver: Converts received signal into data
Destination: Takes and uses incoming data
CS461
Simplified Communications Model
Data Comms &
Networks
Motivation
An Example
Model
Data Comms
Networks
The Internet
CS461
Communications Tasks
Data Comms &
Networks
Simplified communications model makes it look easy . . . but
Motivation there are many tasks to be performed in a data
Model
communications system
Data Comms
Networks
The Internet
CS461
Categorizing Communication Technologies
Data Comms &
Networks
Data Communications: transmitting signals in reliable and
Motivation efficient manner; focusses on individual links
Model
Networks: communications across set of links; Wide Area
Data Comms
Networks
Networks, Local Are Networks, The Internet
The Internet
CS461
Contents
Data Comms &
Networks
Motivation
Motivation
Model
Data Comms
Networks A Communications Model
The Internet
Data Communications
Networks
The Internet
Examples
CS461
A Data Communications Model
Data Comms &
Networks
Motivation
Model
Data Comms
Networks
The Internet
CS461
Transmission Line
Data Comms &
Networks
I Transmission line (or system) is key part of
Motivation communications system
Model
I “Link” between transmitter and receiver
Data Comms
Networks
I Needs to provide required capacity, with acceptable
The Internet reliability at minimum cost
CS461
The Transmission of Information
Data Comms &
Networks
Motivation
Transmission and Transmission Media
Model I How to convert information into transmittable
Data Comms electromagnetic signal?
Networks
I What transmission media to use?
The Internet
Communication Techniques
I How to encode information into a signal?
I How to deal with errors?
Transmission Efficiency
I How to efficiently utilize/share communications system?
CS461
Contents
Data Comms &
Networks
Motivation
Motivation
Model
Data Comms
Networks A Communications Model
The Internet
Data Communications
Networks
The Internet
Examples
CS461
Networks
Data Comms &
Networks
I Demand for any user to communicate with any other
Motivation machine/user
Model
I Require:
Data Comms
I Communication software (see The Internet)
Networks
I Communication network technologies: WANs and LANs
The Internet
CS461
Wide Area Networks
Data Comms &
Networks
I Span a large geographical area
Motivation
I Require crossing of public right-of-ways
Model
Data Comms
I Rely on links of common carriers (telecommunication
Networks companies)
The Internet I Carries data of multiple organisations
I How to find path across a network?
I How to deliver data across the network?
I Example technologies: ATM, Frame Relay, SDH
CS461
Local Area Networks
Data Comms &
Networks
I Small coverage area, e.g. building, campus
Motivation
I Owned and operated by organisation owning end-devices
Model
Data Comms
I Higher internal (per user) data rates compared to WANs
Networks I How to arrange nodes in a LAN?
The Internet
I How to share LAN amongst multiple users?
I Example technologies: Ethernet, Wireless LAN
CS461
Contents
Data Comms &
Networks
Motivation
Motivation
Model
Data Comms
Networks A Communications Model
The Internet
Data Communications
Networks
The Internet
Examples
CS461
The Internet
Data Comms &
Networks
Motivation
Origins
Model I Evolved from US Department of Defence research
Data Comms
network, ARPANET (developed in 1969)
Networks
The Internet
I Used packet switching technology (whereas telephone
networks used circuit switching)
I Development and standardization of the Internet suite
of protocols: TCP/IP
What is The Internet?
I Collection of networks connected together using
common software: Internet Protocol (IP)
I Although network technologies differ, any computer can
communicate with any other computer (providing they
are using IP)
CS461
Key Elements of the Internet
Data Comms &
Networks
Hosts, routers and (sub-)networks
Motivation
Model
Data Comms
Networks
The Internet
CS461
Simplified View of Portion of Internet
Data Comms &
Networks
Motivation
Model
Data Comms
Networks
The Internet
