Operations Integrity Management System

Document Tile: SWT Flowback SOP Document No: OS-HOSWT-O009 Rev. No: 04

Document Title:
SWT Flowback Standard Operating Procedure
(Flowback SOP)
Applicability

Business Line: WTC

Function: SQ&SSHE
Location: HQ

REV NO DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE AUTH BY REV BY APP BY APP DATE

Migrated to the new format template - Update Acid Neutralization during

02 O. Molina A. Ullah G. Browning 10-Apr-2017
Flowback stimulation/operations and also update concepts from PEM

Updated the acidizing section by required value of fresh water

Add recommended choke sizes when lifting the well with N2
03 M. Albakoush A. Ullah G. Browning 14-Aug-2017
Add OS Zoning recommendations distance
Procedure for emptying the tanks to production line and to vacuum truck

04 Changes as per the Exxon Mobil recommendations O. Molina A. Ullah G. Browning 14-Sep-2017

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Document Tile: SWT Flowback SOP Document No: OS-HOSWT-O009 Rev. No: 04

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. OBJECTIVE ........................................................................................................3
2. SCOPE...............................................................................................................3
3. DEFINITIONS & ACRONYMS ..............................................................................3
4. REFERENCES .....................................................................................................5
5. PROCESS OVERVIEW.........................................................................................6
6. APPENDIX A ....................................................................................................17
7. APPENDIX B ....................................................................................................18

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Document Tile: SWT Flowback SOP Document No: OS-HOSWT-O009 Rev. No: 04

1. OBJECTIVE

The main objective for the present document is to standardize the steps procedure that will lead to understand the
principles of execution during SWT Flowback operations.

Also, the objective is to ensure that OiLSERV’s policies, standards and procedures are being followed at all times along
with local regulations. All this to guaranty and satisfy customer’s requirements and expectations of the services
provided.

2. SCOPE

This standard operating procedure must be implemented by all active WTC - SWT population, which involves mainly
field personnel where and when applicable. These individuals are directly responsible to ensure the integrity of each
equipment used during SWT Flowback operations as well as execution of operations in the most effective and efficient
way following OILTECH policies, standards, guidelines as well as customer’s and local regulations at all times.

We emphasize on the enforcement of SIU Static Security Procedure Doc. Code OS-SSGN-Pr001.

Any deviations from this manual will be treated as exemption which implies the usage of the latest revision of the
OILTECH Management of Change Standard – OS-OHGN-S012.

3. DEFINITIONS & ACRONYMS

Term Definition
WTC Well Testing & Completions
BL Business Line
SWT Surface Well Testing Services
FB Flowback Services
CT Coiled Tubing Services
Service Delivery Manager: Person in charge and dedicated to support operations (field and base)
SDM
for a specific BL by managing resources of personnel and equipment allocated to that BL.
Supervisor: Person in charge and responsible to perform a specific and dedicated task by managing
SPV
resources of people, time and spares.
Act of performing a service by a BL to a customer as per contractual agreement, the JOB is
JOB performed mostly at the well site (field location) with the usage of the equipment and personnel
assigned to the BL
SOP Standard Operating Procedure: A step by step approach to execute a process
PTW Permit to Work
WP Working Pressure: Maximum allowable pressure never to be exceeded
TP Test Pressure: The value of test pressure which is recommended by manufacturer
WHP Well Head Pressure
WHP Well Head Temperature

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The maximum pressure, flowing or shut in, that the surface testing wellhead equipment could be
MPWHP
subjected during operations
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure: Pressure at which the Wellsite pressure test was
MAOP performed. Under no circumstances the MAOP should exceed the WP of the equipment
MAOP = Wellsite Pressure Test Value = 1.2 MPWHP
Personal Protective Equipment: Minimum PPE consists of: Hard Hat, Fire Retardant Coveralls,
Hand Gloves, Steel Toe Boots and Safety Glasses. If H2S present: H2S Detector, Respiratory
PPE
protection/full face shield, H2S Detection and Alarm System, H2S Cascade System (for surface
sampling operations).
JSA Job Safety Analysis
TBT Toolbox Talk
HIRCA Hazard Investigation and Risk Control Analysis
Material Safety Data Sheet: Documentation of a product’s hazardous nature, ingredients,
MSDS
precautions, health effects and safe handling/storage.
Preventative Maintenance: Specific work carried out on equipment on regular and routine bases
that must be done at different stages of its operating life to prevent its breakdown because of tear
and/or wear, it is governed by pre-scheduled time frame in calendar days, by set amount of
PM
mileage driven (for vehicles) and by set amount of cumulative working hours. The PM can be done
following internal procedures by the personnel of the BL and/or calibration and inspections
performed by third party inspectors.
Maintenance Service Level 1: Fast inspection performed on the equipment following the
equipment’s individual Maintenance Sheet which must be done at the base prior mobilization to
MS1
the field location for a job, it includes integrity tests (i.e. hydrostatic pressure test) and functional
tests that the equipment performs satisfactory.
Maintenance Service Level 2: Maintenance performed on the equipment following the
equipment’s individual Maintenance Sheet which must be done at the base after a field job is
finalized, it will include from cleaning of the equipment, integrity tests (i.e. hydrostatic pressure
MS2 test) and functional tests.
MS2 can also be pre-scheduled within a time frame set by calendar days, fixed number of miles or
cumulative working hours and in some cases, will required to be witnessed by a certifying
authority (i.e. lifting load test)
Maintenance Service Level 3: Maintenance performed on the equipment following the
equipment’s individual Maintenance Sheet as per set scheduled which will include integrity tests to
maximum working conditions (i.e. hydrostatic pressure test), functional tests, NDT test that could
be MPI and/or thickness random measurements or could also involve a re-calibration process for
MS3 measuring devices, instrumentation or safety equipment.
MS3 will required to be witnessed by a certifying authority or to be performed by a third-party
company recognized by local authorities.
MS3 are also known as “annual inspections” unless stated differently or recommended by
manufacturer.
Maintenance Service Level 4: Maintenance performed on the equipment following the
equipment’s individual Maintenance Sheet as per set scheduled which will include integrity tests to
maximum test conditions (i.e. hydrostatic pressure test), functional tests, NDT test that could be
MPI and/or thickness random measurements.
MS4
MS4 will required to be witnessed by a certifying authority or to be performed by a third-party
company recognized by local authorities.
MS4 are also known as “Major Survey - 5-year re-certification process” unless stated differently or
recommended by manufacturer.

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Identification colour that enables a quick identification that a particular equipment has been
Green Tag maintained, is in good operational conditions and fit for field use. The tag should be marked clearly
with the date of the completion of the PM and accountable person(s) who performed the PM
Identification colour that enables a quick identification that a particular equipment is under repair
Red Tag (or waiting on replacement parts) and is temporarily un-fit for field use until completion of the
repairs and necessary inspections.
Maintenance PRO: Dedicated software tool that controls, monitors and record any PM, repairs,
MPro
etc. for any given inventory of equipment and/or asset allocated to any the BLs.
BS&W Basic Sediment and Water
pH pH is a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula H 2S. It is a colorless gas with the
H2S
characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. It is very poisonous, corrosive, and flammable.
Carbon dioxide is a colorless and odorless gas. This naturally occurring chemical compound is
CO2
made up of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms.
N2 Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, gaseous element.

4. REFERENCES

Doc No Title

OS-OHGN-M003 OILTECH Quality Management System

OS-OHGN-S002 Permit to Work Standard
OS-OHGN-S004 Emergency Response & Contingency Planning Standard
OS-OHGN-S010 Personal Protective Equipment Standard
OS-OHGN-S012 OILTECH Management of Change Standard
OS-OHGN-S014 OS Reporting Standard
OS-OHGN-S017 Environmental Standard
OS-OHGN-S018 Pressure Standard
OS-OHGN-S020 Calibration & Certification Standard
OS-OHGN-S021 Maintenance Standard
OS-HOWTC-M001 WTC Maintenance Manual
OS-HOWTC-O001 WTC Instrument Calibration and Validation
OS-HOWTC-O002 Workshop Maintenance
OS-HOWTC-O004 Equipment Grounding
Pressure Execution Manual (PEM)

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5. PROCESS OVERVIEW

The SOP described below must be completed by WTC – SWT competent personnel where every effort has been made
to ensure the accuracy and reliability of this information.
Prior performing any operations which involves either field operations, transportation, maintenance and/or
certification activities, the following general tasks must be completed when and if applicable:

 PPE must be worn at all times when performing any SWT activities.
 PTW for SWT Operations is available from Client and the PTW highlights that operations involving specific
operations that will take place (i.e. pressure, high temperature, sampling, etc.)
 On arrival to well site, record Initial well initial condition and fill up WELL STATUS pre-job form, populate the
report to base and Client.
 All equipment to be used on any job and prior any mobilization, must have a green tag label on it and all the MS1
are available and as part of the job pack along with their valid certification.
 Complete a JSA for field operations (all parties participating in the operation must be involved:
employees, Client, 3rd party) and for Laboratory operations at the base when required.
 Make sure the Toolbox talk will cover all the task of the job to be carried out (lifting, working under pressure,
escape procedure, etc.).
 Perform Sign in / Out of well site, Lock Outs / Tag Outs of well and equipment when required.
 Any Failure or Near-Failure to be reported to SDM immediately and to be recorded on the current reporting
system available with the company.
 Ensure to have all MSDS for all chemicals available on operations (i.e. diesel, DW40, etc.).
 Any deviation from this SOP must be discussed with all parties involved, supported by proper risk assessment
and with the relevant MOC when required prior continuing with the execution of the operations (Management
of Change Standard – OS-HQGN-S012.

5.1. EQUIPMENT PACKAGE PREPARATION, RIG UP, FLUSHING AND PRESSURE TESTING

i). Equipment 1. On arrival to well site, record Initial well condition, X-mass tree valve position, Production
Preparation line flowing pressure (WHP), Choke Size and ongoing operations and fill up WELL STATUS
pre-job form/report.
2. Review with Customer representative and other Service Supervisors the job execution
program, designated Flowback area (equipment layout), Flare Pit area, connections and
X-overs availability, etc.
3. Communicate with the base (support operations) for requirements for night shift crew in
case operations demands i.e.: for pumping liquids, back into production line, to receive
the acid from stimulation. Ensure that artificial lights are available and sufficient to cover
the flow back operations too
4. Perform MS1 for all the equipment
5. Perform Sign IN/ Out of well site, Lock Outs / Tag Outs of well and equipment as required.
ii). Rig Up and flushing 1. Conduct JSA meeting / Toolbox talk prior offloading any equipment from the trailers,
Operation include the crane operator and Supervisor to confirm continuous communications with
him. Identify escape routes, muster points, etc.
2. Offload and Position Flowback equipment as per approved layout diagram and on the
designated area (Refer to Appendix B for the recommended minimum distances between
the equipment), run the Tubing flare lines to the Flare pit and Vent lines to the designated
secure area. Flare stack and Storage tanks MUST be placed downwind of the Flowback
area and equipment distances must be as per Zone classification.

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3. On the Flowback area, Rig up Upstream and Downstream lines as per approved Layout
design and P&ID. Each section of the Flowback equipment between pressure reducing
elements shall be assigned a wellsite Working Pressure rating, equal to the Working
Pressure rating of the weakest component. Sections not rated to withstand the full
maximum Wellhead Pressure shall be protected by a pressure-relieving device (i.e. PSV).
4. At the end of the tubing Gas line or at Inlet of Flare stack, install ball valves, keep ball
valves opened for flushing and later for pressure testing.
5. Ensure that the Kill Valve is closed on the X-mass tree, and ensure to bleed off pressure
between the Kill valve and the blind flange, once it is safe to do so, remove blind flange.
6. Rig up the X-over and high-pressure lines from the Kill side of the X-mass tree to SSV,
because of the proximity to the well bore
7. Connect all the hydraulic hoses between the hydraulic actuator on the SSV to the ESD
panel and ensure that they are secure and protected to prevent any damages to them.

IMPORTANT NOTE: For acid stimulation jobs, ensure to allow additional

equipment rig up and preparation steps described in section 5.2.1.
Acidizing Operations, sub section ii). SWT / FB Equipment conditioning.

8. Proceed to Rig up the instrumentation on the equipment as the standard set up, ensure
to use double valve barriers for instrumentation and sample points.
9. Line up SSV, upstream and downstream valves of the Choke Manifold fully opened, Oil /
Gas manifold valves up to flare pit, Flare stack and inlet of the Storage tanks.
[Link] if the flushed water will be collected at one of the Storage tank or dumped at the
flare pit.
[Link] authorization from the Customer representative and in coordination with the other
services that are part of the operations, close the X-mass tree Lower and Upper Master
Valve and close the Flowing Valve on the X-mass tree.
[Link] the Swab Valve and the Kill Valve on the X-mass tree and start pumping water down
to SWT equipment to flush the entire set up.
Note: If any leaks are observed at this stage, stop the flushing process and tight the leaky
connection, ensure to contain the water spilled and clean the mess, re-start the flushing
process. If the leak continues, ensure to replace the seal/rig/gasket.
[Link] test all equipment:
a. ESD system (stations) and ESD hydraulic pump.
b. Hydraulic actuators on SSV, record the time it takes to close the valve.
c. Compressors and Generators.
d. Instrumentation (Centrifuge, etc.).
e. Ignition system on Flare Stack.
f. Any other equipment that powers with electricity, or air pressure.
14. Proceed to ground the Flowback equipment as per latest revision of Equipment
Grounding SOP - OS-HOWTC-O004
15. Proceed to secure all HP lines with tie down slings or flow line safety restraint and anchor
the LP lines, flare lines and vent lines with cement blocks/stakes.
iii). General Pressure 1. Conduct JSA & TBT and put on barrier tape around the area, Supervisor confirm
test procedure continuous communications with pumping unit.

IMPORTANT NOTE: Refer to the latest version of the OS-HOSWT-O001

– SWT Onsite Pressure Test Procedure

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2. Install test plugs at the end of the tubing Gas line which ideally will be as close as possible
of the Flare pit/Flare stack, or as an alternative, connect a 3” Balloon a valve.
3. Start pumping water at minimum rates to remove trapped air and fill up the lines up to
Flare pit/Flare stack, to the Surge Tank and to the inlet of the Storage Tanks. Once
completed, close any bleed off valves and inlet valves of Storage Tanks.
4. Ensure chart recorder has a clean chart and battery is running on the clock in order to
record all pressure tests.

5. Start pumping water at minimum rates to remove trapped air and fill up the lines up to
Flare pit/Flarestack, to the Surge Tank and to the inlet of the Storage Tanks. Once
completed, close any bleed off valves and inlet valves of Storage Tanks.
6. Once all air has been purged, slowly and in a controlled way, start a low pressure test
up to 100 psi for 15 minutes, this will pressure test simultaneously the Surge Tank vessel,
the Storage Tank inlet valves and the tubing gas line.
7. Isolate Storage tanks at Oil Manifold by closing the valves, bleed off Flare line/Flarestack
lines to zero and bypass the Surge tank. Perform a low-pressure test to 300 psi for 5
minutes and a high pressure test up to 1000 psi for 15 minutes against the inlet and
outlet of the Surge tank and against closed valves of the Oil and Gas Manifold (Ensure
to pressure test all valves of all the manifolds).
8. Isolate lines to Surge Tank by closing downstream Choke Manifold valves, bleed of
downstream pressure to zero. Perform a low-pressure test to 300 psi for 5 minutes and
a high pressure test up to MAOP psi for 15 minutes (or agreed value detailed on the
program) against Downstream Choke Manifold valves.
9. Close Upstream Choke Manifold valves, bleed off downstream Choke Manifold valves
pressure to zero. Perform a low-pressure test to 300 psi for 5 minutes and a high
pressure test up to MAOP psi for 15 minutes (or agreed value detailed on the program)
against closed Upstream Choke Manifold valves (maximum test pressure is Well Head
Working Pressure).
10. If present in location, close SSV, bleed off downstream pressure to zero. Perform a low-
pressure test to 300 psi for 5 minutes and a high pressure test up to MAOP psi for 15
minutes (or agreed value detailed on the program) against the closed SSV.
- MAOP = Wellsite Pressure Test Value = 1.2 MPWHP
- MAOP = Wellsite Pressure Test Value, which must be less than or
equal to WP (or less than or equal to 90% of the set pressure of any
PSV in the tested section of the rig up).
- If no wellhead pressure is expected, the equipment rig-up shall be
tested at a minimum of 25% of its WP.
11. Isolate Flowback package set up entirely by closing the Kill Valve on the X-mass tree,
bleed off downstream to zero. Following the program and Customers representative on

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location, perform a low-pressure test to 300 psi for 5 minutes and a high-pressure test
to the agreed value for 15 minutes against closed Kill Valve.
12. Document all pressure test records on the sequence of events of the daily/final report.
Successful pressure test is achieved when:
- No visual leaks.
- Chart recorder pen marks a flat line during the duration of the test (or)
a minimum of 90% of final testing pressure retained for at least 5
minutes

If a Leak is identified during a pressure test:

- Do not attempt to tight connections when equipment is energized
with pressure.
- Be aware of possible trapped pressure when loosing connections to fix
a leak.
- Prior hammering any connection, ensure to remove the
instrumentation.
- Remove the tie down slings or flow line safety restraint prior any
hammering on the HP lines
- Re-start the pressure test once the problem is solved
13. Disconnect pressure lines, make sure bleed off ports have been closed after bleeding off
pressure.
14. Announce to personnel near area of pressure test that the pressure test has been
completed
15. Proceed to stamp and fill the information required on the chart.
Equipment:
Serial Number:
Testy Type:
Date:
Pressure Test:
Record S/N:
Range:
Data of Calibration:

Third Party representative:

representative:
Remarks:

16. Once the pressure testing process is concluded, proceed to ensure that all lines with tie
down slings or flow line safety restraint are still properly secured and that the cement
blocks/stakes are on their correct position.
17. Advice to client/customer representative that the Flowback package is ready for
operations.

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5.2. FLOWBACK OPERATIONS

The process of allowing fluids to flow from the well into a temporary facility at surface into storage tanks, in this case
the SWT equipment, either in preparation for a subsequent operation like a clean-up or returning the well into
production after, as an example, completion of hydraulic fracturing. The fluids recovered, which can also contain
hydrocarbons, are later disposed as per customer procedures and standards.
During the Flowback operations, it is important for the operators to constantly monitor well and flow parameters in
order to identify once hydrocarbons are being produced, parameters being monitored among others are:
 BSW
 pH
 Volume recovered in storage tank(s)

5.2.1. Acidizing Operations

Stimulation is performed on a well to increase or restore production. Sometimes, a well initially exhibits low
permeability, and stimulation is employed to commence production from the reservoir. Other times, stimulation is
used to further encourage permeability and flow from an already existing well that has become under-productive.
Acidizing is performed below the reservoir fracture pressure to restore the natural permeability of the reservoir rock.
Well acidizing is achieved by pumping acid into the well and there are two types of acid treatment: matrix acidizing and
fracture acidizing. Both type of acid jobs forms channels through which the hydrocarbons can flow.
- A matrix acid job is performed when acid is pumped into the well and into the pores of the reservoir rocks, a
common type of acid employed on wells to stimulate production is hydrochloric acids (HCI)
- Fracture acidizing involves pumping highly pressurized acid into the well, physically fracturing the reservoir
rock and dissolving the permeability inhibitive sediments.

i). SWT / FB Equipment 1. Identify and mark which storage tank will be the designated one to receive the spent acid
conditioning solution when flowing back to surface during well/formation stimulation.
2. Get the amount and the concentration of the acid that will be used for the job and also
copy of the CT pumping schedule
3. Prior Flow back operations, displace and trap some fresh water into the well test vessels
as per below suggested volumes:
 SWT Separator to a minimum of 20% of fresh water of its volume capacity.
 SWT Surge tank to a minimum of 20% of fresh water of its volume capacity.
 At least 100 bbl. of fresh water to the designated storage tank OR to a minimum of
the double volume of acid that will be pumped into the formation (i.e. if costumer
pumps 50 bbl. of acid, fill the storage tank with a minimum of 100 bbl. of fresh water).
ii). Additional Rig Up The below rig up steps, are to be done when customer and SWT team agrees on pumping
Soda ash/Fresh Water into the lines, the SWT supervisor, CT supervisor and Customer
representative on location must agree on the injection point

1. it is preferably to have the injection point upstream the Choke Manifold, i.e. kill line or a
through a T-piece and isolation valve (e.g. Low torque valve) at any point between the
choke and x-mass tree.
2. Alternatively, the injection point could be downstream the choke before the separator by
utilizing T-piece and isolation valve
3. If the separator is not part of the package the injection point could be upstream the surge
tank.
4. Connect the remaining high-pressure lines into the Soda ash/Fresh Water injection pump
5. Proceed to secure all HP lines with tie down slings or flow line safety restraint and anchor
the LP lines, flare lines and vent lines with cement blocks/stakes

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6. From the Soda ash/Fresh Water injection pump, flush water across the lines and do a low-
pressure test to 300 psi for 5 minutes and a high pressure test up to MAOP psi for 15
minutes against a closed low torque valve (or agreed test value detailed on the program).
7. Once the pressure testing process is concluded, proceed to secure all lines with tie down
slings. Advice to customer representative that the Flowback package is ready for
operations.
iii). Soda Ash In some cases, Flowback operations uses Soda Ash to neutralize the spent acid solutions
Preparation when flowing back to surface, soda ash is ideal to neutralize HCl provided that measuring the
required dose of soda ash is done for each well and each case, any overestimation of the
required soda ash may lead to end up with alkaline (basic) liquid, the later has the same
corrosive effect of the acid on the equipment, that is why it is preferable to use only fresh
water.
Here we will explain in general how to prepare soda ash solution
The soda ash solution will react with the acid and give salt NaCl and water
2 HCl + Na2CO3 → 2 NaCl + CO2 ↑ + H2O
The amount of soda ash required can be estimated when the following information is
available:
- Known concentration (in %) of HCl
- Known (or expected) pH of the returns
During preparation of the job, the ratio of soda ash solution vs cleans up acid solution must
be calculated based on the concentration of the acid used, in order to define:
- Amount of Soda Ash that will be required (in Kg. or lbs.).
- Amount of water required to prepare the solution.
- Quantity of Storage tanks to be required to prepare the solution and to receive the
flow back.
For preparation of the of the soda ash solution into the storage tanks, proceed to:
1. Fill each storage tank with fresh water, as per amount of returns expected to be received
in that tank.
2. Dump the calculated amount of soda ash into each tank and allow for it to be dissolved
into a solution.
3. With the aid of a transfer pump, connect the hoses into each tank and make a loop with
it and circulate the Soda ash solution to ensure its mixing.
4. Repeat Step 3 with the next storage tank.
Optional method: Do the preparation of the total soda ash solution into one storage tank
only, as per calculations of volume that will be flowed back, with the transfer pump and
hoses make a loop and circulate the Soda ash solution to ensure its mixing. Distribute the
total solution into all the storage tanks as per expected volume of returns that will be
received on each tank.
Note: Ensure to have additional soda ash to be dumped into the tanks if pH of the returns
is lower than expected. Whenever is possible, Soda Ash should be prepared and stored at
Supply Mix tank and pumped by cement unit through kill line to the surge tank, to the
Storage tank and to the Chemical Injection Pump tank accordingly with quantity required
prior to start stimulation operation.
ii). Acidizing 1. Ensure PTW for Acidizing and Flowback operations is still valid/open from client, ensure
operations – Flowback that the entire Flowback crew participates on the JSA/TBT. Put on barrier tape and
procedure Warning signs around the Flowback area.
2. Complete pre-flow checklist form, and have the instrumentations ready to operate and
equipment for analysis ready to be used (for pH, BSW measurements, etc.).

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3. Make sure pilot light is ON at flare pit/Flare stack before start flowing the well. If flare
goes off during flowing the well, decrease the Choke size and re-ignite, in uncontrolled
situation, shut in well at Choke Manifold.
4. Rig-Up re-circulation specific chemical Wilden pump from extra outlet point to extra inlet
point at the Storage tank(s) assigned to receive the contaminated fluid from Flowback.
5. Ensure to close Choke manifold valves on both adjustable and fixed choke sides.
6. Record and follow up all events from CT, i.e. Open X-mas Tree Upper and Lower Master
Open the Swab valve, start RIH CT, pumping rates and volumes, etc. monitor WHP against
the closed Choke manifold and wait WHP to stabilize.
7. Follow up on the bullhead stimulation part of the program and be ready to receive the
well on a small adjustable Choke as defined on the program and lined up to flare pit (if
approved by Client) or lined up to Surge tank then to Storage tanks. If not clarified on the
program, then set the adjustable choke to 16/64” to receive the return.

DO NOT flow the well directly to Storage tanks if

the pressure downstream the choke is higher than
35 psi
8. Start up the CT pump to pump soda ash solution/Fresh water from the CT mix tank into
the stream prior opening the well, have the pump at a lower rate and increase the flow
rate if required.
9. Open choke manifold valves and as soon as liquid is at surface, gradually increase the
choke size as stated on the Flowback Program, continue monitoring WHP (upstream and
downstream the choke). Ensure to control downstream pressure and not to go over
Surge’s Tank Working pressure.
10. Measure the flow rate using the tank and make sure to subtract the injection rate from
the total rate
11. In case of using fresh water and the injection point was installed downstream the choke
it will be difficult to know whether the pumping rate is sufficient to neutralize the flow
or not, therefore the injection rate must be 15% of the total liquid rate
12. At all times monitor WHP, WHT, BSW, pH, H2S and CO2 at the choke manifold’s sampling
points, ensure to record the information on the Reading Sheets and on the frequency
stated by the program, if not specified then start monitoring parameters every 15
minutes for 2 hours and increase to every 30 minutes for 2 more hours and then to
hourly measurements.
 If pH more than 7 and/or hydrocarbons at surface, and flowing to the flare pit, divert
immediately through pressurized Surge tank and continue the Flowback test as per
program.
 When pH measurements/readings are less than 6, ensure to have the injection pump
Upstream of Choke manifold pumping soda ash, start re-circulation pump on the
dedicated Storage tanks too
13. Monitor cumulative volumes received on the Storage tanks at all times using the side
sight glasses, every 5 minutes and calculate the total volume recovered until the Coil
Tubing it is at depth as per program.
If it is required to climb on top of the storage tanks,
ensure to wear protective equipment if H2S is
present, SCBA equipment, monitoring the wind
direction and
14. Communicate to the Customer representative once stabilization condition is achieved,
meaning steady WHP and WHT and BSW and pH measurements are within the desired
parameters stated by the program.

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15. Also, communicate to the Customer representative when volume of fluids flowed back
to the storage tanks are as stated on the program.
Note: If not clarified on the program, get the customer representative on location to
confirm the end of Flowback/clean up criteria (common practice is 1.5 tubing volume,
stable WHP, WHT, stable water salinity, and pH>6,)
Once the well is cleaned up divert flow to the production line by opening the Flow Line
Valve and closing Kill Valve on the on the X-mass tree. Keep monitoring WHP on the
production line.
16. Allow the well to flow steady for at least 30 minutes or more.
17. Confirm the total cushion volume pumped through the well to be received at surface.

5.2.2. Nitrogen Lifting Operations (W/ CT)

Coil Tubing nitrogen combination is one that seems to be particularly useful during well testing operations, flow back
operations and any other well operations. CT and nitrogen are used for gas lifting after completion or to restart a well
after a shit in or after an acid job to encourage clean up. CT and nitrogen along with a high viscosity fluid is effective
for cleaning sands outs of wells.

Due to the low solubility of nitrogen gas in both oil and water, this makes it an excellent medium to incorporate with
theses fluids to reduce the hydrostatic pressure to less than that of the formation flowing pressure. Nitrogen is better
used because is an inert, relatively inexpensive, non-corrosive and will not combust with the hydrocarbons.

i). Nitrogen lift with Nitrogen lift will be carried out to aid the hydrocarbons to reach surface, constant
Coiled Tubing communication is essential between parties involved during the operations, them being
Customer representative, Flowback Supervisor and Coiled Tubing Supervisor
1. Ensure PTW for Nitrogen lift with CT and Flowback operations is still valid/open from
client, ensure that the entire Flowback crew participates on the JSA/TBT that should
be conducted by the CT Supervisor prior running in hole with the coil . Put on barrier
tape and Warning signs around the Flowback area.
2. Complete pre-flow checklist form, SSV open and ESD (Emergency Shut Down) system
fully operational and set up, instrumentation ready to operate and equipment for
analysis ready to be used (for pH, BSW measurements, etc.).
3. Make sure pilot light is ON at flare pit/Flare stack before start flowing the well. If flare
goes off during flowing the well, decrease the Choke size and re-ignite, in uncontrolled
situation, shut in well at Choke Manifold.
4. Line up the line to flare pit (if approved by Client) or to the Frac tank /Surge tank to
receive the coil displacement liquid, in case the separator is part of the package make
sure it is bypassed
5. Set Adjust choke on 16/64 `` and then increase gradually as needed
6. Record the main events for the Flowback report on timings when CT started to RIH,
depth reached, and rates of pumping Nitrogen, etc.

DO NOT flow the well directly to Storage tanks if

the pressure downstream the choke is more than
30 psi
7. Agree with CT supervisor to start at minimum N2 pumping rate and he needs to stay
in contact with Well Test supervisor
8. At all times monitor WHP, DCP, WHT, BSW, pH, H2S and CO2 at the choke manifold’s
sampling points, ensure to record the information on the Reading Sheets and on the
frequency stated by the program, if not specified then start monitoring parameters

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every 15 minutes for 2 hours and increase to every 30 for the rest of the operation,
except the pH it should be continuously monitored until stable above 5 for 1 hr.
9. Once 30 psi pressure or higher is measured downstream the choke and the flow was
lined up to Frack/Gauge tank divert to Surge tank, or separator or the pit (if approved
by Client), but do not keep flowing to the Frack/gauge tank.
10. Inject foam breaker at the separator inlet in case the separator is online
11. While flowing through the separator or the surge tank the adj. choke MUST NOT be
kept fully open (regardless of the N2 pumping rate and regardless of the flowing
pressure value), in addition the maximum choke size should not be larger than
96/64``, otherwise sudden gas kick might blow by the tank or a liquid slug might
cause separator carryover
12. When the choke size is 64/64`` or bigger any increase in the N2 rate need to be
confirmed with SWT supervisor BEFORE hand so he can change the separator or
surge tank setup accordingly
13. Monitor cumulative volumes received on the Storage tanks at all times using the side
sight glasses, every 5 minutes and calculate the total volume recovered
If it is required to climb on top of the storage tanks,
ensure to wear protective equipment in the event
that H2S is present, SCBA equipment, monitoring
the wind direction and
14. Communicate to the customer representative once stabilization condition is
achieved (common practice is 1.5 tubing volume, stable WHP, stable WHT, stable
water salinity, and pH>6)
15. Also, communicate to the Customer representative when volume of fluids flowed
back to the storage tanks are as stated on the program or onsite Customer
representative instructions (the industrial practice is 1.5 tubing volume)
16. Once the well is cleaned up divert flow to the production line by opening the Flow
Line Valve and closing Kill Valve on the X-mass tree. Keep monitoring WHP on the
production line. Allow the well to flow steady for at least 60 minutes or as many as
Customer representative requests.

5.3. EQUIPMENT PACKAGE RIG DOWN

i). Emptying the The tanks will be empty by either repump it to the production line, or by trucking it on oil
storage tanks tanker (vacuum truck). this operation might be done while the well is still flowing through
the Flowback package (On line), or after shutting the well or diverting it back to production
line (Off line).
i.1 Emptying the tank online to Production line:
1. Confirm the communication procedure between all the parties involved before and
during emptying the tanks
2. Isolate the tank that is about to be emptied from any other tank
3. Measure the volume in the tank and update the client and DGS about this volume
4. Confirm the production line pressure and consider it for the Transfer pump discharge
pressure.
5. Open the isolation valve at the production manifold or any other valve on the path.
6. Get the green light from customer representative to start pumping.
7. Start pumping to production line as soon as stable pumping achieved inform the
customer representative and the DGS about the pumping rate.
8. When the tank is empty switch to the next one.

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9. Once emptying the tank completed isolate the production line at the production
manifold or at any ball valve on the bath (e.g. gas manifold).
10. Inform and DGS and client representative about the total pumped volume.

i.2. Emptying the tank off line to Production line:

11. If the operation is finished it is important to flush the whole Flowback package starting
from the x-mass tree and ending at storage tanks.
12. Fresh water flushing volume need to be 150% of the pipes and manifold volume and
50% of the vessels volumes (separator must be flushed through all the path of the
liquid).
13. Once flushing is completed follow the steps from 1 to 7.

i.3. Emptying the tank off line to vacuum truck

14. When emptying the tank off line there will be no need for tubing extension, provided
that the tanks did not receive any effluent in the last 60 minutes.
15. Ensure that the minimum distance between the vacuum truck and the tank is at least 10
meters
- Ensure that a Spark Arrestor is fitted on the
exhaust of the truck.
- Ensure that the correct fitting or x-over
connection are available to interconnect the
vacuum pump to the storage tank valve, most
common connection is a 4” WECO FIG 206
16. Confirm the vacuum truck connection compatibility and its pump operability.
Perform gas test prior vacuuming operations,
around the vacuum truck and around the storage
tank to be empty
17. Start sucking the effluent from the tank to the vacuum trucks one by one.
18. The trucks log and events need to be recorded.
19. Once Company representative confirms that of the Flowback program have been
achieved, proceed to rig down operations.
ii). Rig down and 1. Hand over the well back to Customer prior to Rigging down the Flowback equipment.
De-mob 2. Confirm that the Kill Valve on the X-mass tree is closed, bleed off any pressure upstream
the Kill Valve and remove the connection line from Kill side.
3. Replace the blind flange connection into the Kill side and perform a pressure test to
ensure that the Kill Valve and the blind flange is holding pressure.
4. Remove all tie down wire, anchoring and cement blocks from the lines
5. Rig down all the instrumentation, be aware of possible trapped pressure in the fittings
connections. Ensure to protect the ports and to install plugs on all of them. Clean all the
equipment and place all the instrumentation on their transportation boxes and ensure
they are all secured
6. Rig down the Flare lines, vent lines and tubing lines.
7. Continue rigging down the rest of Flowback Equipment downstream of the Choke
Manifold.
8. Break the connections upstream the choke manifold all the way to the X-mass tree.
9. Place all the equipment into their transportation baskets, racks, etc. organized and as
clean as possible. Do a final tour over the well test area and to ensure that a proper
housekeeping is being done and no garbage is left behind.

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[Link] your location’s procedures and standards on getting signatures from the Customer
representative on all the relevant documentation for invoicing purposes and the
Customer Satisfaction Report (CSR).
[Link] leaving the well site, record and fill up WELL STATUS post job form, populate the
report and submit as per local procedures.
iii). Reporting 1. On arrival to the location at the end of the job, Flowback Supervisor to meet with SWT
coordinator and SDM, and to verbally report the outcome of the job.
2. Flowback Supervisor to compile all the information generated from the job and to prepare
the initial version of the report as per Customer requirements, either daily report, end of
job report or both and following your location’s RQC procedures.
3. On finalization of the initial version of the report, to submit it for RQC
4. To do all corrections identified during the RQC process.
5. Resubmit the final version of the report and if approved to submitted to the customer as
per agreed (paper and/or electronic copy).

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6. APPENDIX A
Example of Sample Data Sheet Form (Ensure to verify the form used in your location)

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7. APPENDIX B

Recommended Distances for land operation

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