482 Chapter 9 Geometry Gx 1. Wate names for angles, 2. Use complementary and supplementary angles to find angle measure 3. Use vertical angles to find angle measure. 4, Find measures of angles formed by a transversal sean prvone/123RF Rays can be represented by rays of tight starting at a source and continuing outward ULE uae ers, you 1 watched really 000 pitiards pa on te bank atts TO If you've eve 1 find they'Fe probably maid tha he) MT tay But if yu iy therm yoursel ¥° easy at all, The secret €0 bank shots, i a he f good poo payer at alli AMBIEN Ty it and relationship between the angle at HED Ting most the angles at which they move ae Pa important part ofthe gam «which undet= rr any, many applications it Mion standing angles is key, 0 out main FOCUS TAT yi willbe an understanding of angles: TO a «ground selves. wih some DAKE Is of our entire need to failiarize ourselves Wi Oy information that will form the fundamen of Dave Sobek study of geometry. Courtesy of Da Points, Lines, and Planes ts, Hines, and plahes. I's easiy ‘The most basic geome figures we will study are Poly as think of a wns Tocation, like a particular spot 0” this pee are points with aan oat poinhas no Fength, width, oF tickee (We ell it dimension ieee art connected poins that as an infinite ength. a Wo width, We draw ree aon es ba agai in acuality ane cannot be seen Dost has no thickoe, We will assume that lines are straight, meaning that they follow the’ shortest path betes Any two points on the line. This means that only two points are needed to describe an ene line. A plane is a two-dimensional flat surface that is infinite in ength and width, but has 1 thickness, You night find it helpful to think ofa plane as an infinitely thin piece of paper tht Examples ofthe way we represent these asic igus extends infinitely far in each direction. are shown in Figure 9-1 Basic Geometric Figures ’ Live it a8 Pine Figure 9-1 We typically use capital letters to re ir present points, and Enea wily ety two pons the Tie, Ete Awa’ Preston ender Tope will neetoe ies ‘a lowercase letter to represent a line, like 1 igure 9-1, and write AB: ints and lines can be used to make other ‘figuee ion oft line consis a geometric figures ie omnes) eeu of two distinct points, called endo A line segment is 4 is The line segment connecting two points ints, and all of the points" ‘Any point ona line separates the ine into two halve, ai moe. ee oe _ ‘ nes. the resulting figure a ray. A ray with endpoi ‘AB. The figures described inthe last few p aSection 9-1 Points, Lines, Planes, and Angles. 483 Caen ocx dR Goe te Name gure Symbol, Line eee & AB Ab Line segment —- fe A B AB t Half tine ‘ a AB Ray ie. AB Rays 8 are Used to define angles, which are the most important figures inthis section, Gauanele figure formed by two rays with a common endpoint. The rays are called the ‘ofthe angle, and the endpoint is called the vertex. BE anne pcm in San we use ves eters Figure 9-2. The symbol for angle is , 4 “onane an angle, the and there are a number of ways to name | pete onal ‘aways | angles. The angle in Figure 9-2(a) could Rec Theower et | POCA AARC, ACA, 48, the oer two letters doesn : a Be ad Figure 9.2 You should only use a single letter to denote an angle there's no question as tothe angle represented. In Figure 9-2(b), 48 Is ambiguous, because there are thee diferent angles vith vertex at point . (Can you name all three of them?) (a) Name the angle shown here in (b) Write three different angles that have point B as, four different ways. their vertex. - 3 PRA { ; Pot SOLUTION TSR, 8, and 43. 3 9 ans that everyone sees at first are £ABC and ACBD. To see the third, you have to ‘BC; £ABD also has vertex B. 4: bottom in Q vicina “Co mnbeeeane EE a coy Woe ein angles tate ween,484 Chapter9 Geometry ‘Winy if rotation divided Into 360 degrees? Tht, question's actualy ope to some debate, The practice {most common attributed tothe ancient Babylonians, ‘whore number system ‘was base 60, meaning that mines of 60 would be particulary easy to work wth Some historians believe, however, thatthe fact that 360 is so close to the number of days na year I too coincidental to Ignore ‘Weil study a ferent unit for measuring angles Problems 85-88, (Complementary angles maltma2=9 (6) Supplementary anges mal+m42= 180" Figure 9-5 @ One way 10 me Agrees, symbolized bY defined 1 be gp of «com “The instrument that 18 used ete rotation to measure 9: is cal iractor, Figure an angle is called « protractor a py shows how to measure an angle tractor. The center of the base ofthe ro toris placed at the verter ofthe angle aM btm ofthe protractor i placed on OME of the angle. The angle measure 8 Ma here the other side falls on the seals Tt angle shown in Figure 9-3 has » measure 7 40°. The symbol for the measure of an an so we would write m4ABC = 40 ‘Angles can be classified by (helt measures. An acateangle as ames bens 0208 ‘Avright angle has a measure of 90°. nob angle his ease bewen 3° ‘A straight angle has a measure of 180°. See Figure9-4, and 180°. is The symbol ~) at the verex f i indicates aright angle. (a) Acute angle, 0 ~——— Lp e ss | | | | L Fo xercises 7-12, ident 5. Describe how to find the complement and supplement of an angle. 6. When parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, there are four types of pairs of angles with equal measures formed. Describe each, using a diagram to illustrate 9 + i. Fee 10. o7 12, 2