S.
2 Integrate Science
Chapter 8 Quiz Notes
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Through 1st Exam Notes (Ch. 8.1-8.3)
8.1 Simple circuit
P.77: Open circuit and closed circuit
A circuit with a complete path is called a closed circuit. An incomplete circuit is called an open circuit
Conditions of the circuit necessary for an electrical appliance to work:
• it has a source of electrical energy; and
• it is a closed circuit.
P.79: materials conduct electricity or not
Metrial Cotton thread Rubber band Aluminium strip
Does it conduct electricity?
Wooden chopstick Iron nail Copper wire
Materials that conduct electricity are electrical conductors
Materials that do not conduct electricity are electrical insulator
P.81-82: Circuit symbols
*No resource given*
8.2 Current
P.76:
Basic of current
In a closed circuit with a cell, the circuit flows from the positive terminal of the cell to the negative
terminal through the circuit
Measuring current
We use an ammeter to measure the size of a current.
The unit of current is the ampere (A).
P.89: current as a flow of chargers
source of electrical Circus is a flow of electric charger
energy (e.g. cell)
electrical appliance
(e.g. bulb)
P.92: Heating effect
When a current passes through a conductor, the temperature of the conductor increases
Some electrical energy is changed to thermal energy.
P.93: Magnetic effects
When a current passes through a coil of wire wound around an iron nail, the coil and the nail work like a
magnet.
8.3: Voltage
P.96: Circuit diagram of Votage
It's red knob (+) should be connected to the positive terminal of the cell and it's
black knob (-) to the negative terminal
P.99: relationship between voltage and current
P.100: Result
Reading of voltmeter (V) Reading of ammeter (A)
1.3 0.15
2.4 0.25
3.8 0.3
The higher the voltage, the larger the current flowing through the circuit.
More cells → Higher Votage → Large Current → Blub brighter
Chapter 8.4: Resistance
Residence shows the opposition of a material to the flow of current.
It's unit is the ohm (Ω ¿.
A resistor is a circuit component that has a certain value of resident
If a resistor with a higher resistance is connected to a cell, it will result in a smaller
current in the circuit.
Resistor are used to control the size of current in the circuit.
Circuit symbol for a resistor:
Chapter 8.5: Electrical circuits
In Series circuits:
The current is the same at all points.
The sum of the voltage across each electrical appliance is equal to the voltage of energy
source.
If a series circuit is broken at any point, current will not flow in the circuit
In parallel circuit:
the current in the main loop is equal to the sum of the current in the branches
The relationship:
A1=A2=A3 V1=V2+V3
In parallel circuit:
The current in the main loop is equal to the sum of the
current in the branches
The current flowing in the branch with higher resistance is smaller
the voltage across each branch is the same
If a parallel circuit is broken at any branch, current will still flow in other branches
The relationship:
A3=A1+A2 V1=V2=V3
Chapter 8.6: Household electricity
The main voltage in Hong Kong is 220V
Three-pin plugs and the colour coding of wires
--- Earth Neutral Live
Hole Up Left Right
pin Up Left Right
wire Green & yellow Black Brown
Electricity is supplied to our homes through the live wire and the neutral wire
When the number of branches increase, the current flowing through the cell decrease
Overloading is dangers
Chapter 8.7: Power and efficiency
Energy = E Power = P Time = T
Kilowatt-hour = KWh = Energy
1000Watt = 1 Kilowatt = kW = Power
1 Hour = 60 seconds = Time
Method:
1. E=Pt
2. Efficiency= useful power
power input
--End of the notes--
