1.
Explain <audio>,<video>,and <canvas>element in HTML5
a.<audio> Element:
• Purpose: The <audio> element is used to embed audio files (e.g., music, podcasts) into a
web page.
• Attributes:
• src: Specifies the URL of the audio file.
• controls: Provides standard audio controls like play, pause, and volume.
• autoplay: Makes the audio play automatically when the page loads.
• loop: Causes the audio to repeat indefinitely.
• Example:
<audio src="example.mp3" controls></audio>
b.<video> Element:
• Purpose: The <video> element is used to embed video files (e.g., movies, tutorials) into a
web page.
• Attributes:
• src: Specifies the URL of the video file.
• controls: Provides standard video controls like play, pause, and volume.
• autoplay: Makes the video play automatically when the page loads.
• loop: Causes the video to repeat indefinitely.
• width and height: Define the dimensions of the video player.
• Example:
<video src="example.mp4" controls width="640" height="360"></video>
c.<canvas> Element:
• Purpose: The <canvas> element provides a space for dynamic, client-side rendering of
graphics and animations.
• JavaScript Interaction: To draw on the canvas, JavaScript is used to manipulate the canvas
context. It provides methods for drawing shapes, text, images, and more.
• Attributes:
• width and height: Define the dimensions of the canvas. These attributes can also be
set using CSS, but it's recommended to set them in HTML to avoid scaling issues.
• Example:
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="800" height="600"></canvas>
<script>
var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
// Now you can use context to draw on the canvas.
</script>
2.Create a HTML page Showing a message “I use media query”.Write media query such that
the text color of the page when user clicks on particular button.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Media Query Example</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
text-align: center;
p{
font-size: 24px;
color: #333; /* Default text color */
button {
font-size: 18px;
padding: 10px 20px;
margin-top: 20px;
/* Media Query: Change text color on button click */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.color-change button {
background-color: #007BFF;
color: #FFF;
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p class="color-change">I use media query</p>
<button onclick="changeTextColor()">Change Text Color</button>
<script>
function changeTextColor() {
var paragraph = document.querySelector('.color-change p');
paragraph.style.color = '#FF6F61'; /* New text color */
</script>
</body>
</html>
Explanation:
1. The HTML page includes a <p> element with the message "I use media query" and a
<button> element labeled "Change Text Color".
2. The CSS style includes a media query that targets screens with a maximum width of 600
pixels. When this condition is met, it changes the button's background color and text color.
3. JavaScript is used to handle the button click event. When the button is clicked, the
changeTextColor() function is executed, which changes the text color of the paragraph
element.
4. The <script> tag contains the JavaScript function changeTextColor(). This function selects
the paragraph with the class "color-change" and updates its text color.
3.Why do we use Bootstrap? What is Better CSS or Bootstrap.
Why do we use Bootstrap?
Bootstrap is a popular front-end framework used by web developers to create responsive
and visually appealing websites. There are several reasons why developers choose to use
Bootstrap:
1. Rapid Development: Bootstrap provides pre-designed templates, styles, and components
that can be easily customized. This allows developers to save time and effort in designing
and styling web pages.
2. Responsive Design: Bootstrap is built with mobile-first design principles, meaning it ensures
that websites look and work well on various devices and screen sizes. This is crucial for
providing a good user experience across different platforms.
3. Cross-Browser Compatibility: Bootstrap helps in ensuring that websites function
consistently across different web browsers, reducing the need for extensive browser-specific
testing and fixes.
4. Consistency and Standardization: Bootstrap provides a set of standardized CSS classes and
JavaScript components. This promotes consistency in design and functionality across
different parts of a website or across different projects.
5. Extensive Documentation and Community Support: Bootstrap has thorough documentation
and a large community of developers. This makes it easy to learn, troubleshoot, and find
solutions to common design and development challenges.
6. Accessibility Features: Bootstrap includes features that support accessibility, making it
easier to create websites that are usable by people with disabilities.
7. Customization: While Bootstrap provides a solid foundation for building websites, it is also
highly customizable. Developers can choose to use specific components or modify the
framework to suit their project's unique requirements.
Better CSS or Bootstrap?
The choice between using pure CSS or Bootstrap depends on the specific requirements and
goals of a project:
1. CSS:
• Advantages:
• Lightweight: Using only CSS results in smaller file sizes compared to
including the Bootstrap framework. This can lead to faster page loading
times.
• Highly Customizable: With CSS, you have complete control over every
aspect of your design. You're not limited by the styles provided by a
framework.
• Learn Fundamental Skills: Learning CSS is fundamental for web
development. It's important to have a solid understanding of CSS before
using a framework like Bootstrap.
• Disadvantages:
• More Time-Consuming: Creating complex layouts or features from scratch
with CSS can be more time-consuming compared to using a framework like
Bootstrap.
• Potentially More Effort for Responsiveness: Ensuring responsiveness across
different devices and screen sizes may require more effort and testing
without the assistance of a framework.
2. Bootstrap:
• Advantages:
• Rapid Development: Bootstrap allows for faster development due to its pre-
designed templates and components.
• Responsive by Default: It's built with responsiveness in mind, which can
save a significant amount of time compared to manually coding responsive
designs.
• Consistency: Bootstrap provides a standardized set of styles and
components, promoting design consistency.
• Disadvantages:
• Learning Curve: While Bootstrap is well-documented, there is still a learning
curve associated with understanding how to use its classes and components
effectively.
• Potentially Overhead: If a project only requires a small set of features
provided by Bootstrap, including the entire framework may result in
unnecessary overhead.
4.What are features of web services?
Web services are software components that allow different applications to communicate
and interact with each other over the internet or a network. They offer a standardized way
for different systems to exchange data and perform operations. Here are some key features
of web services:
1. Interoperability: Web services are designed to work across different platforms,
technologies, and programming languages. This allows applications developed in different
environments to communicate with each other seamlessly.
2. Standardized Communication Protocols: Web services typically use standard protocols like
HTTP, HTTPS, SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and REST (Representational State
Transfer) for communication. This ensures that they can be accessed by a wide range of
client applications.
3. Loose Coupling: Web services promote loose coupling between the client and the server.
This means that the client and server can evolve independently without affecting each other
as long as they adhere to the agreed-upon interface.
4. Platform Independence: Web services can be developed and deployed on different
platforms, such as Windows, Linux, or macOS. This flexibility allows for greater compatibility
and ease of integration.
5. Discoverability: Web services are often described using standardized formats like WSDL
(Web Services Description Language) for SOAP services or OpenAPI/Swagger for REST
services. These descriptions make it easy for developers to discover and understand how to
interact with a particular web service.
6. Statelessness: Web services are typically stateless, meaning each request from a client
contains all the information needed for the server to understand and fulfill the request. This
simplifies server-side management and scalability.
7. Scalability: Web services can be designed to handle a large number of requests
simultaneously. This scalability is crucial for applications that need to support a large user
base or handle high traffic loads.
8. Security: Web services can implement security measures like authentication, authorization,
and encryption to ensure that data is transmitted securely over the network.
9. Flexibility in Data Formats: Web services can work with different data formats, including
XML, JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), and others. This allows for flexibility in how data is
structured and exchanged.
10. Support for Asynchronous Operations: Web services can support both synchronous and
asynchronous communication. This allows for more flexibility in how requests are processed
and how clients interact with the service.
11. Service Discovery and Registry: In some cases, web services can be registered in a service
registry or directory, making it easy for clients to discover and use them.
12. Caching and Optimization: Web services can implement caching mechanisms to improve
performance by storing frequently accessed data temporarily.
13. Transaction Management: Some web services support transactional operations, allowing
multiple operations to be treated as a single unit of work, ensuring that either all operations
succeed or none do.
5.What do you mean by JSON? Why use JSON over XML?
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation):
JSON is a lightweight data interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write, and
easy for machines to parse and generate. It is often used to transmit data between a server
and a web application as an alternative to XML.
JSON is derived from JavaScript, but it's language-independent, meaning it can be used with
virtually any programming language. It consists of key-value pairs similar to objects in
JavaScript, making it a natural choice for representing data structures in a web application.
A JSON object is enclosed in curly braces {} and contains key-value pairs separated by colons
:. Arrays in JSON are ordered lists of values and are represented using square brackets [].
Example of a JSON object:
"name": "John Doe",
"age": 30,
"email": "[email protected]",
"hobbies": ["reading", "traveling", "cooking"]
Why use JSON over XML?
While both JSON and XML serve similar purposes (data interchange), there are several
reasons why JSON is often preferred over XML, especially in web development:
1. Simplicity and Readability:
• JSON has a simpler and more intuitive syntax compared to XML, making it easier to
read and write for both humans and machines. It requires fewer tags and is less
verbose.
2. Lightweight:
• JSON is more compact than XML, resulting in smaller file sizes. This can lead to faster
data transmission and reduced bandwidth usage, which is crucial for web
applications.
3. Faster Parsing:
• Due to its simpler structure, JSON can be parsed and processed more quickly than
XML. This can lead to better performance in applications that require frequent data
exchanges.
4. Native Data Representation:
• JSON maps directly to data structures in most programming languages, making it
easy to work with in applications. It doesn't require parsing or conversion steps to
be used in code.
5. Efficient for JavaScript:
• JSON is a natural fit for JavaScript, as its syntax closely resembles JavaScript object
literals. This makes it easy to work with in JavaScript-based applications.
6. Popular in Web APIs:
• Many modern web APIs use JSON as their data format for responses. This
standardization makes it convenient for web developers to work with APIs.
7. No Schemas Required:
• JSON doesn't require a separate schema definition like XML's XSD (XML Schema
Definition). This can simplify development, especially in situations where flexibility is
desired.
8. Support for Arrays:
• JSON natively supports arrays, whereas in XML, arrays are typically represented
using lists of elements. This makes JSON a more natural choice for representing
ordered data.
9. Reduced Markup:
• JSON doesn't require complex markup or additional attributes, reducing the need for
boilerplate code. This can lead to cleaner and more concise data representation.
6.Write code to process online Alumni information for your college.create forms to
get name,address,date of birth, and email id.Use check boxes for taking hobbies and
radio button for selecting branch.Write JavaScriptcode to validate the following: i .
User has filled all the field prior to form submission. ii. Valid email-id(with ‘@’ and ’.’)
iii. Age validation using DOB(>=22)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Alumni Information Form</title>
<style>
label, input, select {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 10px;
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Alumni Information Form</h2>
<form onsubmit="return validateForm()" action="#">
<label for="name">Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="name" required>
<label for="address">Address:</label>
<input type="text" id="address" required>
<label for="dob">Date of Birth:</label>
<input type="date" id="dob" required>
<label for="email">Email:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" required>
<label for="branch">Branch:</label>
<input type="radio" name="branch" value="CSE" required> CSE
<input type="radio" name="branch" value="ECE"> ECE
<input type="radio" name="branch" value="ME"> ME
<input type="radio" name="branch" value="CE"> CE
<label for="hobbies">Hobbies:</label>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="reading"> Reading
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="traveling"> Traveling
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="cooking"> Cooking
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
<script>
function validateForm() {
// Check if all fields are filled
var elements = document.getElementsByTagName("input");
for(var i=0; i<elements.length; i++) {
if (elements[i].type !== "submit" && elements[i].type !== "radio" && elements[i].type
!== "checkbox" && elements[i].value === "") {
alert("Please fill out all fields.");
return false;
// Validate email
var email = document.getElementById("email").value;
var emailPattern = /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/;
if (!emailPattern.test(email)) {
alert("Please enter a valid email address.");
return false;
// Calculate age
var dob = document.getElementById("dob").value;
var today = new Date();
var birthDate = new Date(dob);
var age = today.getFullYear() - birthDate.getFullYear();
// Check if age is less than 22
if (age < 22) {
alert("You must be at least 22 years old.");
return false;
return true;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Explanation:
• The HTML code includes a form with input fields for name, address, date of birth, email,
branch, and hobbies.
• The form has an onsubmit attribute that calls the validateForm function when the form is
submitted.
• The validateForm function checks if all fields are filled, validates the email using a regular
expression, and calculates the age based on the date of birth provided.
• If any of the validations fail, an alert message is displayed, and the form submission is
prevented.
7.Write a code in Javascript to set a cookie.Assume suitable data for it.
Program:
function setCookie(name, value, daysToExpire) {
var expires = "";
if (daysToExpire) {
var date = new Date();
date.setTime(date.getTime() + (daysToExpire * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000));
expires = "; expires=" + date.toUTCString();
document.cookie = name + "=" + value + expires + "; path=/";
// Example Usage:
setCookie("username", "JohnDoe", 7); // Set a cookie named "username" with value "JohnDoe"
that expires in 7 days.
Explanation:
1. The setCookie function takes three parameters:
• name: The name of the cookie.
• value: The value to be stored in the cookie.
• daysToExpire: (Optional) The number of days until the cookie expires.
2. Inside the function, an expires variable is created. If daysToExpire is provided, it calculates
the expiration date and adds it to the cookie string.
3. document.cookie is used to set the cookie. It takes the format name=value;
expires=expiration_time; path=path.
• name=value: The name and value of the cookie.
• expires: The expiration time (if provided).
• path: The path within the website where the cookie is valid ("/" means it's valid
throughout the site).
4. In the example provided, a cookie named "username" is set with the value "JohnDoe" and
an expiration time of 7 days from the current date.
8.List out the uses of JSON?Also Mention What are the drawbacks of JSON.
Uses of JSON (JavaScript Object Notation):
1. Data Interchange Format: JSON is commonly used as a lightweight data interchange format.
It allows for easy and efficient exchange of data between different systems and platforms.
2. Web APIs: JSON is widely used in web APIs for sending and receiving data. Many modern
web services and APIs provide responses in JSON format, making it easy for applications to
consume and process the data.
3. Configuration Files: JSON is often used to store configuration settings for applications. Its
simplicity and human-readability make it a convenient choice for specifying parameters and
settings.
4. Storing and Transmitting Data in JavaScript: JSON is a natural fit for JavaScript as it closely
resembles JavaScript object literals. It allows for easy storage and transmission of data
within JavaScript applications.
5. NoSQL Databases: Many NoSQL databases, such as MongoDB, use JSON-like document
formats for data storage. This allows for flexible and schema-less data structures.
6. Logging and Debugging: JSON can be used for logging structured data in a human-readable
format. It's also useful for debugging and tracing data flows in applications.
7. Configuration for Build Tools: JSON can be used to configure build tools and automation
scripts. It provides a structured way to define tasks, dependencies, and settings.
Drawbacks of JSON:
1. Limited Data Types: JSON has a limited set of data types (string, number, boolean, null,
array, and object). It doesn't have support for more complex types like dates or binary data
without encoding.
2. No Comments: Unlike some other data interchange formats like YAML, JSON does not
support comments. This can make it less expressive for documenting or adding contextual
information to the data.
3. Lack of Built-in Schema Validation: JSON itself doesn't provide built-in support for schema
validation. While JSON Schema exists as a separate standard for this purpose, it's not part of
the JSON specification itself.
4. Verbose for Sparse Data: In cases where data is sparse (i.e., many fields are missing), JSON
can be more verbose compared to more compact formats like MessagePack or BSON.
5. Potential for Security Issues: JSON is vulnerable to certain types of attacks if not properly
sanitized. This includes risks like JSON injection and potential security vulnerabilities if the
data is not properly validated and escaped.
6. Not Suitable for Large Documents: JSON is not the most efficient format for handling very
large data sets due to its textual nature. More compact binary formats may be more suitable
for such scenarios.
7. Circular References: JSON doesn't handle circular references in objects, which can lead to
issues if trying to serialize complex data structures.
9.Write JSP code for password verification which take data from database.
Assuming you have a database table named users with columns username and password, and you
want to verify the password for a user with a specific username.
Program:
<%@ page import="java.sql.*" %>
<%@ page import="javax.sql.DataSource" %>
<%@ page import="javax.naming.InitialContext" %>
<%@ page import="javax.naming.NamingException" %>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Password Verification</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
// Get the username and password from the request parameter (assuming it's passed from a
form)
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String inputPassword = request.getParameter("password");
// Initialize variables for database connection
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
// Look up the DataSource using JNDI (assuming it's configured in the server)
InitialContext ctx = new InitialContext();
DataSource ds = (DataSource) ctx.lookup("java:comp/env/jdbc/yourDataSourceName");
// Establish a connection to the database
conn = ds.getConnection();
// Create a SQL query to retrieve the user's password
String sql = "SELECT password FROM users WHERE username=?";
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setString(1, username);
// Execute the query
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
if (rs.next()) {
String storedPassword = rs.getString("password");
// Compare the stored password with the input password
if (storedPassword.equals(inputPassword)) {
out.println("Password is correct.");
} else {
out.println("Incorrect password.");
} else {
out.println("User not found.");
} catch (NamingException | SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// Close resources
try { if (rs != null) rs.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
try { if (stmt != null) stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
try { if (conn != null) conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
%>
</body>
</html>
Explanation:
1. The JSP page retrieves the username and inputPassword from the request parameters
(assuming they are submitted via a form).
2. It establishes a connection to the database using a DataSource object obtained through
JNDI.
3. It creates a SQL query to retrieve the stored password for the provided username.
4. It compares the stored password with the input password, and displays a message
accordingly.
10.Discuss various stages of Request Response life cycle in JSP.
The Request-Response life cycle in JavaServer Pages (JSP) involves a series of stages that occur when
a client sends a request to a web server, which is then processed by a JSP page, and finally a
response is sent back to the client. Here are the various stages of the Request-Response life cycle in
JSP:
1. Client Sends a Request:
• The life cycle starts when a client (usually a web browser) sends an HTTP request to
a web server. This request can be a result of clicking a link, submitting a form, or any
other action that triggers an HTTP request.
2. Web Server Receives the Request:
• The web server (e.g., Apache, Tomcat) receives the HTTP request from the client.
3. Web Server Identifies the JSP Page:
• The web server checks the requested URL to determine if it corresponds to a JSP
page. If it does, the web server forwards the request to the Servlet Container (like
Tomcat).
4. Translation Phase:
• In this phase, the Servlet Container checks if the JSP page has been compiled into a
servlet before. If not, it translates the JSP page into a servlet. This translation
process happens automatically behind the scenes.
5. Compilation Phase:
• If the JSP page was not compiled yet (or if it has changed), the Servlet Container
compiles the translated servlet code into Java bytecode.
6. Servlet Initialization:
• If it's the first time this servlet is being loaded, it goes through the servlet
initialization process (init method is called). This is where any initialization tasks can
be performed.
7. Service Method Execution:
• The service method (doGet, doPost, etc.) of the servlet is executed. This is where the
actual logic of the JSP page is executed.
8. Request and Response Objects:
• The request and response objects are provided to the service method, allowing the
servlet to interact with the client's request and generate the appropriate response.
9. JSP Code Execution:
• Any embedded Java code (scriptlets, expressions, declarations) within the JSP page
is executed as part of the service method.
10. HTML Content Generation:
• The JSP page generates HTML content (or other types of content like XML, JSON,
etc.) based on the logic and data processing.
11. Response Sent to Client:
• The generated content is sent back to the web server as part of the HTTP response.
12. Servlet Cleanup (Optional):
• If the servlet is removed from memory (e.g., due to inactivity or server shutdown),
the cleanup process (destroy method) is executed.
13. Web Server Sends Response to Client:
• The web server sends the HTTP response (which includes the generated content)
back to the client.
14. Client Renders the Page:
• The client's browser receives the response and renders the content based on the
received HTML.
