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Pre-IB HL Summer Math Review

1) This document contains 44 math problems involving limits, graphing circles and ellipses, writing equations of circles and ellipses, and identifying features of circles and ellipses. 2) Problems include evaluating limits, finding reference angles, sketching graphs of circles and ellipses, writing standard form equations, and identifying centers, vertices, foci, and other features. 3) The problems cover a range of skills including limits, graphing, writing equations of circles and ellipses, and identifying geometric features of circles and ellipses.

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Laura Im
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
61 views29 pages

Pre-IB HL Summer Math Review

1) This document contains 44 math problems involving limits, graphing circles and ellipses, writing equations of circles and ellipses, and identifying features of circles and ellipses. 2) Problems include evaluating limits, finding reference angles, sketching graphs of circles and ellipses, writing standard form equations, and identifying centers, vertices, foci, and other features. 3) The problems cover a range of skills including limits, graphing, writing equations of circles and ellipses, and identifying geometric features of circles and ellipses.

Uploaded by

Laura Im
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Summer Review Name___________________________________ ID: 1

Pre-IB HL
Find the reference angle.
1) y
2) y

43π
7π −
12
9

x x

3) y
4) y

19π
6

x x

61π

18

5) y

x


6

Evaluate each limit.


3x 2 + 2 2x 2 + 4
8) lim 9) lim
x→ ∞ 3x 2 + 3 x → −∞ 2x − 2

3 x2 + 1 11) lim 2
10) lim x→2
x→ ∞ 2x 2 + 5

12) lim 3 13) lim (2x + 2)


x→0 x → −4

14) lim (2x + 3) 15) lim −5


x→1 x→5

Identify the center and radius of each. Then sketch the graph.

16) ( x − 1) + ( y + 4) = 4 17) ( x + 4) + ( y − 4) = 4
2 2 2 2

y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6
18) ( x + 2) + y = 22
( )
2 2 2
3
19) ( x + 2) + y −
2
=4
y 2
8
y
6 8

4 6

2 4

2
−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2
−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−4 −2

−6 −4

−8 −6

−8

20) ( x + 3) + ( y − 3) = 4
2 2

y
8

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2

−4

−6

−8

Use the information provided to write the standard form equation of each circle.

21) Center: (7, 9) 22) Center: (−16, 0)


Point on Circle: (6, 2) Point on Circle: (−19, 0)
25) Center: (−10, 7) 26) Center: (−8, 0)
Point on Circle: (−16, 5) Point on Circle: (−2, −4)

27) Center: (15, −8) 28) Center: (8, −2)


Point on Circle: (13, −8) Point on Circle: (11, 8)

29) Center: (6, −6) 30) Center: (0, 0)


Point on Circle: (14, 4) Point on Circle: (16, −10)

Identify the center, vertices, co-vertices, and foci of each. Then sketch the graph.

31) 4x 2 + y 2 + 32x − 2 y + 29 = 0 32) 9x 2 + 25y 2 + 18x + 100y − 116 = 0


y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6

−8 −8

33) 3x 2 + 5 y 2 + 6x − 10y − 67 = 0
y
8
34) 5x 2 + y 2 − 20x − 4 y − 1 = 0 35) 9x 2 + 25y 2 − 18x − 50y − 191 = 0
y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6

−8 −8

Use the information provided to write the standard form equation of each ellipse.

36) Vertices: (11, 1), (−3, 1)


Foci: (4 + 33, 1), (4 − 33, 1)

37) Vertices: − (
13 15
,
2 2
13 41
, − ,−
2 2 )( )
(13 4 13 − 13
Foci: − ,
2 2
, − ,
2 2 )(
13 −4 13 − 13
)

38) Vertices: (−5, 20), (−5, −2) 39) Vertices: (−10, 15), (−10, −3)
Foci: (−5, 9 + 57 ), (−5, 9 − 57 ) Foci: (−10, 6 + 17 ), (−10, 6 − 17 )
Identify the vertices and foci of each. Then sketch the graph.

41) 25x 2 − 9 y 2 − 50x − 200 = 0 42) −9x 2 + 25 y 2 − 100y − 125 = 0


y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6

−8 −8

43) −16x 2 + 25 y 2 + 50 y − 375 = 0 44) −9x 2 + 4y 2 − 36x + 8 y − 68 = 0


y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6

−8 −8

45) −25x 2 + y 2 − 50x − 50 = 0


y
8

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
Use the information provided to write the standard form equation of each hyperbola.

46) Vertices: (−6, −3), (−6, −17) 47) Vertices: (0, 17), (0, −3)
Conjugate Axis is 12 units long Conjugate Axis is 22 units long

48) Vertices: (−1, −9), (−17, −9) 49) Vertices: (4, 13), (4, −15)
Conjugate Axis is 8 units long Conjugate Axis is 22 units long

50) Vertices: (−3, 10), (−9, 10)


Conjugate Axis is 16 units long

Identify the vertex and axis of symmetry of each. Then sketch the graph.

51) y = x 2 − 12x + 30 52) y = x 2 + 2x + 4


y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6

−8 −8
53) y = −x 2 + 12x − 42 1
54) y = x 2 − 4x + 6
y 3
8
y
6 8

4 6

2 4

2
−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2
−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x

−4 −2

−6 −4

−8 −6

−8

55) y = −x 2 + 2x − 3
y
8

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2

−4

−6

−8

Use the information provided to write the vertex form equation of each parabola.

56) Vertex: (−1, 10), Focus: −1, ( ) 39


4
57) Vertex: (−7, 1), Focus: −7, ( ) 19
4

58) Vertex: (−2, −10), Focus: −2, − ( 119


12 ) 59) Vertex: (8, 1), Focus: 8, ( ) 5
4
Divide. Write your answer in fraction form.

61) (2x 5 − 5x 4 − 23x 3 − 12x 2 + 13x − 23) ÷ ( x − 5)

62) (2x 4 + 6x 3 − 19x 2 + 2x − 25) ÷ ( x + 5) 63) (16x 3 + 7x + 21) ÷ (4x + 3)

64) ( x 4 − 2x 3 − x 2 − 5x + 18) ÷ ( x − 2) 65) ( x 2 − 5x − 1) ÷ ( x − 1)

66) (6x 3 − 23x 2 − 10) ÷ ( x − 4)

67) (12x 5 + 23x 4 − 10x 3 − 21x 2 − 11x − 12) ÷ (4x + 5)

68) ( x 4 + 3x 2 + 11x + 1) ÷ ( x + 1) 69) (3x 2 − 3x) ÷ ( x − 2)

70) (10x 2 − 22x − 3) ÷ ( x − 2)

Solve each equation. Round your answers to the nearest ten-thousandth.


3n + 4 3.8 − 8n
71) 7e − 5 = 50 72) −10e + 7 = −25

9x − 7 4 − 5a
Solve each equation.

81) log 6 4x 2 − log 6 9 = 4 82) ln 3x 2 − ln 5 = ln 15

83) log 5 7 − log 5 −2x = log 5 75 84) log 2 ( x + 5) − log 2 3 = 3

85) log 9 5 − log 9 4x = log 9 45 86) log 2 ( x − 4) − log 2 x = 2

87) log 3 + log 4x = 1 88) log 6 ( x + 5) + log 6 9 = 2

89) log 3 3x + log 3 5 = 4 90) log 4 ( x − 4) + log 4 3 = log 4 28

Solve each equation for 0 ≤ θ < 2π.

91) −tan θ − 3tan 2 θ = −2tan 2 θ 92) 2cos θ sin θ − 3cos θ = −4cos θ

93) −tan 2 θ + 1 + 2tan θ = −2tan 2 θ 94) sin 2 θ + 1 = −2sin θ

95) 4sin 2 θ + 4sin θ + 4 = 3 96) sin 2 θ − 1 = 2sin θ − 2

97) 2tan θ + 2 = tan 2 θ + 3 98) 2cos 2 θ + 3 = −cos θ + 4

99) tan θ + 2cos θ = tan θ cos θ + 2cos θ 100) sin θ = −2sin 2 θ


103) Cody invests $7,419 in a savings account 104) Danielle invests $3,078 in a retirement
with a fixed annual interest rate of 8% account with a fixed annual interest rate of
compounded continuously. What will the 4% compounded continuously. What will
account balance be after 11 years? the account balance be after 17 years?

105) Mark invests $7,576 in a savings account


with a fixed annual interest rate of 4%
compounded continuously. What will the
account balance be after 4 years?

Sketch the graph of each function.

{ {
−4x, x ≤ −4 ( x + 2) 2, x < −1
106) f ( x) = −4 x, −4 < x < 1 107) w( x) = log ( x + 2), x = −1
( x − 1) 2, x ≥ 1 2
x + 1, x > −1
y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x

−2 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6

−8 −8

{ {
−4x, x ≤ −3 −x − 2, x < 3
108) g( x) = 2 x , −3 < x ≤ 3 109) g( x) = x + 2, x = 3
x, x>3 x + 1, x > 3
y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2
{ {
x
4, x ≤ −1 − x , x ≤ −3
110) f ( x) = 4 − x 2, x = 0 111) f ( x) = log ( x + 4), −3 < x < 3
x − 3, x ≥ 2 4x, x≥3
y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x

−2 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6

−8 −8

{ {
x − 2, x < 1 ( x + 5) 4, x ≤ −4
1 113) f ( x) = x + 3, −4 < x ≤ 0
112) f ( x) = , x=1
x−2 2x, x>0
x − 3, x>1 y
8
y
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −2
−2
−4
−4
−6
−6
−8
−8
{ {
1 1
, x < −2 , x<0
x+2 x
114) f ( x) = 115) f ( x) =
−1 + x, −2 ≤ x < 4 log ( x + 2), 0 < x < 4
log x + 4, x ≥ 4 ( x − 5) 3, x>4
y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6

−8 −8

Graph each function using radians.

116) y =
1
2
⋅ cos
θ π
+
2 4( ) 117) y = 4sin ( )
θ π

4 2
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1

−3π −2π −π π 2π 3π −6π −4π −2π 2π 4π 6π


−1 −1
−2 −2
−3 −3
−4 −4
−5 −5
−6 −6

118) y =
1
2 (
⋅ sin 4θ −
π
2 ) 119) y = 2cos ( θ 5π
4
+
6 )
6 6
120) y = cos ( ) θ π

4 2
121) y = 3sin 2θ + ( π
2 )
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1

−6π −4π −2π 2π 4π 6π −π π π π


−1 − −1
2 2
−2 −2
−3 −3
−4 −4
−5 −5
−6 −6

122) y = 3sin ( )
θ π
+
2 6
123) y =
1
2
⋅ cos 3θ

6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1

−3π −2π −π π 2π 3π −π π π π
−1 − −1
2 2
−2 −2
−3 −3
−4 −4
−5 −5
−6 −6

124) y = 3cos 4θ − ( π
3 ) 125) y =
1
2
⋅ cos 2θ

6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
Solve each inequality.

−x − 73 4x + 118
126) ≤5 127) > −2
x−5 3x − 24

−2x − 108 −2x + 76


128) <2 129) ≤2
5x − 30 5x + 20

4x − 64
130) ≥ −4
x+8

Verify each identity.

cot 2 x
131) 2
= cos 2 x
csc x

tan 2 x
132) 4
= sin 2 xcos 2 x
sec x
cos x sin 2 x 1
133) = 134) 2
= sin 2 xsec x
csc x2 sec x cos xcsc x

135) tan xcos x = sin x

For each function, identify the holes, intercepts, horizontal asymptote, limit behavior at all
vertical asymptotes, and end behavior asymptote. Then sketch the graph.
2
−2x − 4x
136) f ( x) = 2
x −x−6
y
8

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2

−4

−6

−8
x 3 − 3x 2 − 4x
137) f ( x) =
−4x 2 − 4x + 24
y
8

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2

−4

−6

−8

x 3 + 3x 2 − 4x
138) f ( x) =
4x 2 − 4x − 24
y
8

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2

−4

−6

−8

x2 + x
139) f ( x) =
−2x 2 − 6x
y
8

2
1
140) f ( x) = 2
−4x − 8x + 12
y
8

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2

−4

−6

−8

Solve each triangle. Round your answers to the nearest tenth.


141) 142)
C A
28 in
26 yd 24 yd 12 in
B
C 18 in

B 28 yd A

143) 144)
A C

21.3 in 85.7° 25.4 in


23 km 26 km

B C
B 25 km A

145)
B
20 m
7m

C 19 m
A
148) Find m B 149) Find m B
B A 8 km C
65°

26 in 12 km

93° B
A 11 in C

150) Find m C
C
20 in

103°
B 16 in A

Find the exact value of each.

4 3π 5 5π
151) tan θ = − where ≤ θ < 2π 152) cos θ = − where ≤ θ < 3π
3 2 13 2
Find sin 2θ Find sin 2θ

3 3π 4 3π
153) cos θ = − where π ≤ θ < 154) tan θ = − where ≤ θ < 2π
5 2 3 2
Find sin 2θ Find cos 2θ

4 π
155) tan θ = − where ≤ θ < π
3 2
Find cos 2θ
158) f ( x) = x 2 159) f ( x) = x 2
g( x) = −x − 2 g( x) = ( x − 1) − 2
2 2

160) f ( x) = x 3
g( x) = ( x − 1) − 1
3

Transform the given function f ( x) as described and write the resulting function as an equation.

161) f ( x) = x 162) f ( x) = x
compress vertically by a factor of 2 expand horizontally by a factor of 3
reflect across the x-axis reflect across the y-axis
translate right 3 units reflect across the x-axis
translate up 2 units translate down 2 units

163) f ( x) = x 164) f ( x) = x
compress horizontally by a factor of 2 expand horizontally by a factor of 3
reflect across the x-axis reflect across the y-axis
translate left 2 units translate right 2 units
translate up 2 units translate down 3 units

165) f ( x) = x
compress horizontally by a factor of 3
reflect across the x-axis
translate right 1 unit
translate up 1 unit
168) 22, 15, 8, 1, ... 169) 16, 216, 416, 616, ...

170) −25, −20, −15, −10, ... 171) 30, 23, 16, 9, ...

172) 18, 10, 6, 4, ... 173) 2, 9, 16, 23, ...

174) −36, −66, −96, −126, ... 175) 40, 32, 24, 16, ...

Determine if the sequence is geometric. If it is, find the common ratio, the 8th term, and the
explicit formula.

176) −3, 18, −108, 648, ... 177) 1, 6, 36, 216, ...
180) 2, −6, 18, −54, ... 181) −1, 5, −25, 125, ...

182) −2, −6, −18, −54, ... 183) 3, 6, 12, 24, ...

184) 18, 10, 6, 4, ... 185) −3, 9, −27, 81, ...

Find the missing term or terms in each arithmetic sequence.

186) ..., −2, ___, −62, ... 187) ..., −14, ___, ___, −74, ...

188) ..., 29, ___, −171, ... 189) ..., 21, ___, 33, ...

190) ..., −8, ___, ___, 82, ... 191) ..., 29, ___, 229, ...

192) ..., 24, ___, 16, ... 193) ..., −17, ___, −1, ...
Answers to Pre-IB HL (ID: 1)
2π 5π π 7π
1) 2) 3) 4)
9 12 6 18
π 2 2 3 8) 1
5) 6) − 7) −
6 2 3
3
2 4 11) 2 12) 3
9) − 10)
2 2
13) −6 14) 5 15) −5
16) y
17) y
8 Center: (1, −4) 8 Center: (−4, 4)
Radius: 2 Radius: 2
6 6
4 4
2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2
−4 −4
−6 −6
−8 −8

18) 19)
8
y
Center: (−2, 0)
Radius: 22
8
y
( )
Center: −2,
3
2
6 6 Radius: 2
4 4
2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2
−4 −4
−6 −6
−8 −8

20) 21) ( x − 7) + ( y − 9) = 50
2 2
y
8 Center: (−3, 3)
Radius: 2
6
4
2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2
−4
−6
−8

22) ( x + 16) + y = 9 23) ( x − 8) + ( y − 17) = 2 24) ( x − 8) + ( y − 7) = 121


2 2 2 2 2 2

25) ( x + 10) + ( y − 7) = 40 26) ( x + 8) + y = 52 27) ( x − 15) + ( y + 8) = 4


2 2 2 2 2 2

28) ( x − 8) + ( y + 2) = 109 29) ( x − 6) + ( y + 6) = 164


2 2 2 2 2 2
30) x + y = 356
33) y
34) y
8 Center: (−1, 1) 8 Center: (2, 2)
Vertices: (4, 1) Vertices: (2, 7)
6 (−6, 1) 6 (2, −3)
4 Co-vertices: (−1, 1 + 15 ) 4 Co-vertices: (2 + 5, 2)
2 (−1, 1 − 15 ) 2 (2 − 5, 2)
Foci: (−1 + 10, 1) Foci: (2, 2 + 2 5 )
−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x (−1 − 10, 1) −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x (2, 2 − 2 5 )
−2 −2
−4 −4
−6 −6
−8 −8

35) y ( x − 4) 2 ( y − 1) 2
8 Center: (1, 1) 36) + =1
Vertices: (6, 1) 49 16
6 (−4, 1)
4 Co-vertices: (1, 4)
2
(1, −2)
Foci: (5, 1)
−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x (−3, 1)
−2
−4
−6
−8

( ) ( ) ( x + 5) 2 ( y − 9) 2 ( x + 10) 2 ( y − 6) 2
2 2
13 13
x+ y+ 38) + =1 39) + =1
2 2 64 121 64 81
37) + =1
144 196
( x − 1) 2 ( y − 3) 2 41) y
40) + =1 8 Vertices: (4, 0)
25 64 (−2, 0)
Foci: (1 + 34, 0)
6
4 (1 − 34, 0)
2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2
−4
−6
−8

42) y
43) y
8 Vertices: (0, 5) 8 Vertices: (0, 3)
(0, −1) (0, −5)
Foci: (0, 2 + 34 ) Foci: (0, −1 + 41 )
6 6
4 (0, 2 − 34 ) 4 (0, −1 − 41 )
2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2
−4 −4
−6 −6
−8 −8

44) y
45) y
( y + 1) 2 ( x − 4) 2 ( x + 6) 2 ( y − 10) 2
49) − =1 50) − =1
196 121 9 64
51) y
52) y
8 Vertex: (6, −6) 8 Vertex: (−1, 3)
Axis of Sym.: x = 6 Axis of Sym.: x = −1
6 6
4 4
2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2
−4 −4
−6 −6
−8 −8

53) y
54) y
8 Vertex: (6, −6) 8 Vertex: (6, −6)
Axis of Sym.: x = 6 Axis of Sym.: x = 6
6 6
4 4
2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2
−4 −4
−6 −6
−8 −8

55) 56) y = −( x + 1) + 10
2 1
8
y
Vertex: (1, −2) 57) y = ( x + 7) 2 + 1
Axis of Sym.: x = 1 15
6
4
2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2
−4
−6
−8

58) y = 3( x + 2) − 10 59) y = ( x − 8) + 1
2 2 1
60) y = − ( x − 9) 2 + 2
2
8 10
61) 2x 4 + 5x 3 + 2x 2 − 2x + 3 − 62) 2x 3 − 4x 2 + x − 3 −
x−5 x+5
9 4 5
63) 4x 2 − 3x + 4 + 64) x 3 − x − 7 + 65) x − 4 −
4x + 3 x−2 x−1
6 8
66) 6x 2 + x + 4 + 67) 3x 4 + 2x 3 − 5x 2 + x − 4 +
x−4 4x + 5
6 6 7
68) x 3 − x 2 + 4x + 7 − 69) 3x + 3 + 70) 10x − 2 −
x+1 x−2 x−2
99) {0, π } 101) $6,480.69 102) $4,805.84
{
100) 0, π,
7π 11π
6
,
6 }
103) $17,886.46 104) $6,075.60 105) $8,890.52
y y y
106) 8 107) 8 108) 8
6 6 6
4 4 4
2 2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2 −2
−4 −4 −4
−6 −6 −6
−8 −8 −8
y y y
109) 8 110) 8 111) 8
6 6 6
4 4 4
2 2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2 −2
−4 −4 −4
−6 −6 −6
−8 −8 −8
y y y
112) 8 113) 8 114) 8
6 6 6
4 4 4
2 2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2 −2
−4 −4 −4
−6 −6 −6
−8 −8 −8
y
115) 8 116) 117)
6 6 6
4 4 4
2
2 2
−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2π 2π −6π −4π −2π 2π 4π 6π
−4 −2 −2
−6
−4 −4
−8
−6 −6

118) 119) 120)


6 6 6

4 4 4

2 2 2
121) 122) 123)
6 6 6

4 4 4

2 2 2

−π π π π −2π 2π −π π π π
− −
2 −2 2 −2 2 −2 2

−4 −4 −4

−6 −6 −6

124) 125) 126) (−∞, −8]∪(5, ∞)


6 6

4 4

2 2

−π π π π −π π π π
− −
2 −2 2 2 −2 2

−4 −4

−6 −6

127) (−∞, −7)∪(8, ∞) 128) (−∞, −4)∪(6, ∞) 129) (−∞, −4)∪[3, ∞) 130) (−∞, −8)∪[4, ∞)
2 2
cot x tan x
131) Decompose into sine and cosine 132) Decompose into sine and cosine
csc 2 x sec 4 x

( ) ( )
2 2
cos x sin x
sin x cos x
Simplify Simplify

( ) ( )
2 4
1 1
sin x cos x

cos 2 x ■ sin 2 xcos 2 x ■


cos x 1 1 1
133) Use csc x = 134) Use sec x =
2
csc x sin x cos xcsc x 2 cos x

Use sec x =
1 sec x 1
sin 2 xcos x cos x Use csc x =
csc 2 x sin x

sin 2 x ■
■ sin 2 xsec x
sec x
sin x 136)
135) tan xcos x Use tan x = y
Holes: x = −2
137) y
138) y
8 Holes: None 8 Holes: None
Horz. Asym.: None Horz. Asym.: None
6 x-intercepts: 0, 4, −1, y-intercept: 0 6 x-intercepts: 0, 1, −4, y-intercept: 0
4 Vert. Asym. behavior: 4 Vert. Asym. behavior:
lim− f ( x) = ∞, lim+ f ( x) = −∞ lim− f ( x) = ∞, lim+ f ( x) = −∞
2 x → −3 x → −3 2 x → −2 x → −2
lim f ( x) = −∞, lim+ f ( x) = ∞ lim f ( x) = −∞, lim+ f ( x) = ∞
x→2− x→2 x→3− x→3
−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x x
−2 End behavior asym.: y = 1 − −2 End behavior asym.: y = 1 +
4 4
−4 −4
−6 −6
−8 −8

139) y
140) y
8 Holes: x = 0 8 Holes: None
1 Horz. Asym.: y = 0
6 Horz. Asym.: y = − 6
2 1
x-intercepts: None, y-intercept:
4 x-intercepts: −1, y-intercept: None 4 12
2 Vert. Asym. behavior: 2 Vert. Asym. behavior:
lim− f ( x) = −∞, lim+ f ( x) = ∞ lim− f ( x) = −∞, lim+ f ( x) = ∞
x → −3 x → −3 x → −3 x → −3
−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x 1 −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x lim f ( x) = ∞, lim f ( x) = −∞
−2 End behavior asym.: y = − −2 x→1
− x→1
+

2 End behavior asym.: y = 0


−4 −4
−6 −6
−8 −8

141) m C = 68°, m A = 59.4°, m B = 52.6° 142) m A = 26°, m B = 17°, m C = 137°


143) m B = 52.6°, m C = 41.7°, a = 31.9 in 144) m A = 53.6°, m B = 65.4°, m C = 61°
145) m A = 20.5°, m B = 71.7°, m C = 87.8° 146) 27.9° 147) 41°
148) 25° 149) 37.2° 150) 51.2° 24
151) −
25
120 24 7 7
152) − 153) 154) − 155) −
169 25 25 25
156) expand vertically by a factor of 3 157) expand horizontally by a factor of 3
translate left 3 units reflect across the x-axis
158) reflect across the x-axis 159) translate right 1 unit 160) translate right 1 unit
translate down 2 units translate down 2 units translate down 1 unit
1 163) g( x) = − 2( x + 2) + 2
161) g( x) = − ⋅ x−3 +2 1
162) g( x) = − − x − 2
2 3
1 165) g( x) = − 3( x − 1) + 1
164) g( x) = − ( x − 2) − 3
3
166) Common Difference: d = −10 167) Common Difference: d = 10
a52 = −523 a52 = 472
Explicit: an = −3 − 10n Explicit: an = −48 + 10n
168) Common Difference: d = −7 169) Common Difference: d = 200
a52 = −335 a52 = 10216
176) Common Ratio: r = −6 177) Common Ratio: r = 6 178) Common Ratio: r = 2
a8 = 839808 a8 = 279936 a8 = 256
Explicit: an = −3 ⋅ (−6)
n−1 n−1 n−1
Explicit: an = 6 Explicit: an = 2 ⋅ 2
179) Not geometric 180) Common Ratio: r = −3 181) Common Ratio: r = −5
a8 = −4374 a8 = 78125
Explicit: an = 2 ⋅ (−3) Explicit: an = −(−5)
n−1 n−1

182) Common Ratio: r = 3 183) Common Ratio: r = 2 184) Not geometric


a8 = −4374 a8 = 384
n−1 n−1
Explicit: an = −2 ⋅ 3 Explicit: an = 3 ⋅ 2
185) Common Ratio: r = −3 186) −32 187) −34, −54
a8 = 6561
Explicit: an = −3 ⋅ (−3)
n−1

188) −71 189) 27 190) 22, 52 191) 129


192) 20 193) −9 194) −178, −378 195) 39, 59

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