EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
Origin and Structure
of the Earth:
Subsystem
QUARTER 1 – LESSON 2
Explain that the Earth consists of four subsystems,
across whose boundaries matter and energy flow.
(S11/12ES -Ia-e-4)
o Identify the different features of Earth Subsystem.
o Describe how subsystem interact with one another.
o Recognize that human-induced changes in Earth
subsystem may affect the quality of life.
“We are all connected.
To each other, biologically.
To the earth, chemically.
To the rest of the universe atomically.”
- Neil DeGrasse Tyson
What is a system?
It is a set of interconnected components
that are interacting to form a unified whole.
Earth system is essentially
a closed system where it
receives energy from the
sun and returns some of
this energy to space.
ATMOSPHERE HYDROSPHERE
GEOSPHERE BIOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERE Other gases
1%
it is the gaseous layer
above the Earth’s surface Oxygen
21%
Nitrogen
78%
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE TROPOSPHERE
is the lowest layer of our atmosphere. Starting at ground
level, it extends upward to about 10 km above sea level.
It is the closest layer to the earth surface.
It is the layer where we live in.
It is where all the weather occurs.
Higher altitude = colder temperatures and
air pressure drops
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE STRATOSPHERE
The next layer extends from the top of the troposphere
to about 50 km above the ground.
Temperature increase
with altitude due to
the presence of the
“Ozone Layer”
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE MESOSPHERE
Above the stratosphere is the mesosphere. It extends
upward to a height of about 85 km above our planet.
Region where meteors usually burn up
and become “shooting stars”
The coldest temperatures in Earth's
atmosphere, about -90° C (-130° F)
Too low oxygen levels
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE
The layer that is located between
500 and 1000 km above the
Earth’s level.
High-energy X-rays and UV radiation
from the Sun are absorbed in this layer.
It is the area of aurora.
Temperature can even reach 2000˚C
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE EXOSPHERE
Upper limit of the atmosphere separating Earth and
space
contains many of
the satellites that
are orbiting around
the earth
HYDROSPHERE
A hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet.
A planet's hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor, or ice.
It includes water that is on the surface of the planet,
underground, and in the air.
The oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth’s Surface and
contain 97% percent of the Earth’s water.
HYDROSPHERE
GEOSPHERE
It is associated with solid portions of the Earth. It includes
rocks, sediments, soils, and surface landforms.
Also knows as “Lithosphere”
GEOSPHERE
GEOSPHERE
BIOSPHERE
The living part of the Earth, and includes all living organisms
(including humans), and all organic matter that has not yet
decomposed.
How are Earth’s Spheres Interacting?
Hurricanes (atmosphere) sweep
across the ocean (hydrosphere) and
onto the land (geosphere), damaging
the dwellings of people (biosphere)
who live along the coast.
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere Geosphere
Biosphere
How are Earth’s Spheres Interacting?
Earthquakes can damage buildings
which may kill people, as well as
cause fires which release gases into
the air. Earthquakes in the ocean may
cause a tsunami which can eventually
hit land and kill both animals and
people.
How are Earth’s Spheres Interacting?
“Earth consists of four subsystems,
across whose boundaries matter and
energy flow.”
Activity: Connect Me Spheres
Analyze the interactions of the spheres after the onslaught of Taal Volcano.
Guide Questions:
1. What sphere caused the event?
2. What are the effects of the
event on one or more spheres?
3. What is the global implication of
the event?
Activity: Interconnected
Complete the diagram below by providing the necessary information to show the
relationship between subsystems.
