Isometric
Pictorials
Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department
IIT ROORKEE
Axonometric projection
Axonometric projection is a type of
parallel projection used to create a pictorial
drawing of an object, where the object is
rotated along one or more of its axes relative
to the plane of projection
Type of axonometric drawing
Axonometric axis
a
1. Isometric All angles are equal.
b c
a Axonometric axis
2. Dimetric b c Two angles are equal.
a Axonometric axis
3. Trimetric b c None of angles are
equal.
Introduction to Isometric Projection
Rotate 45
about vertical axis
Tilt forward
(35o16’)
All edges foreshorten
about 0.8 time.
Introduction to Isometric Projection
CUBE
• The term Isometric literally means equal measure
• All planes are equally or proportionately shortened and
tilted
• All the major axes (X, Y, Z) are 120 apart
Isometric Drawing
Isometric drawing is a drawing drawn on an isometric
axes using full scale.
Isometric projection Isometric drawing
(True projection) (Full scale)
Forshorten
Full scale
Positions of Isometric Axes
Isometric axes can be arbitrarily positioned to create
different views of a single object.
Regular Reverse axis Long axis
isometric isometric isometric
View point is looking View point is looking View point is looking
down on the top of up on the bottom of from the right (or left)
the object. the object. of the object.
Distance in Isometric Drawing
Isometric line is the line that run parallel to any of
the isometric axes.
True-length distances are shown along isometric
lines.
Nonisometric lines
Isometric axes
Making an Isometric Sketch
Defining Axis
60o 60o
30o 30o
Isometric Axis
9
Making an Isometric Sketch
Axis Convention
Height
Choose the longest
dimension to be
the width (or the
depth) for optical
Width
Depth stability
Front view Isometric Axis Convention 10
Making an Isometric Sketch
Axis Convention
Height
Choose the
longest dimension
to be the width or
Depth
Width the depth for
optical stability
Isometric Axis Convention 11
The Transformation Between
The Isometric Grid & Rectilinear Grid
12
Isometric Drawings
• An axonometric pictorial drawing for which the
angle between axes equals 120 degrees and
the scale used is full scale
• Isometric axes
can be positioned
in a number of
ways to create
different views
of the same object
• Regular isometric
is the most
common type
Isometric Drawings (contd.)
• True length distances can only be measured
along isometric lines, that is, lines that run
parallel to any of the isometric axes
Isometric Drawings (contd.)
• Hidden lines are • Center lines are drawn
omitted unless for showing symmetry
absolutely necessary or for dimensioning
to describe the object
Example: Hidden Lines Example: Center Lines
Necessary for Details for Dimensioning
Object for Practice
17
Blocking in the Object
Begin with Front Face
Front Face
Height
Width
18
Blocking in the Object
Add Side Face
Side Face
Height
Depth 19
Blocking in the Object
Add Top Face
Top Face
20
Adding Detail
Cut Outs – Part 1
21
Adding Detail
Cut Outs – Part 2
22
Adding Detail
Cut Outs – Part 3
23
Darken Final Lines
Part 4
Note:
All visible edges
will be darkened
24
Isometric ellipses
• In an isometric drawing, the object is
viewed at an angle, which makes circles
appear as ellipses.
❖Holes
❖Cylinders
25
Sketching a Circle
1. Draw a square whose
sides are the diameter
of the circle.
2. At the center of each
side define the point of
tangency for the circle.
3. Draw the diagonals of
the square.
4. Orient the paper so you
can draw equal arcs to
construct the circle
Drawing isometric view of a circle
1. Method of points
2. Four centre method
Ellipses Can be in Any of Three Planes
28
Circle & Arc in Isometric
Four-center method is usually used when drawn an
isometric ellipse with drawing instrument.
Sketching Steps
1. Locate the center of an ellipse.
2. Construct an isometric square.
3. Construct a perpendicular
bisector from each tangent point.
4. Locate the four centers.
5. Draw the arcs with these centers
and tangent to isometric square.
Example
Sketching an Isometric
of a Hollow Pipe
31
Step 1 - Creating the Base Box
Diameter
Diameter Length
32
Step 2 – Ellipse on Front Face
- Corner to corner to get center
- Lines to tangent points
Tangent Points
Lines to Tangent
Points
33
Step 3 – Ellipse on Front Face
Sketch in Arcs
Tangent Points
34
Step 3 – Ellipse on Back face and
Profile
Repeat for ellipse on rear face
Draw Tangent Lines for Profile
Complete Visible Part of Back
Ellipse
35
Step 4 – Ellipse for Hole on Front
Face
Create Box for Hole
Sketch Ellipse
36
Isometric of Hollow Pipe
37
Isometric Drawings (contd.)
• Constructing an isometric
drawing using the Boxing-In
Method:
Box in from the
outmost shape
to inside details
Isometric Drawings (contd.)
• What if you have non-isometric lines?
Remember that true-
length distances can
only be measured
along isometric lines,
that is, lines that run
parallel to any of the
isometric axes
Isometric Drawings (contd.)
• What if you have curves?
– Use the offset coordinate method
Irregular Curve in Isometric
Steps
1. Construct points along the
curve in multiview drawing.
2. Locate these points in the
isometric view.
3. Sketch the connecting lines.
Tips for Drawing Assignments
• Leave the construction lines – MUCH lighter
and thinner than the finished lines
• Include centerlines on isometrics
• Do not try to shade drawing – this is not a
pencil sketching class.
• Use grid paper. Try to sketch along grid lines.
Practice sketching straight lines and curves
on a grid sheet.
42
Tips for Pictorial Views
• hidden lines are not shown unless absolutely
required for clarity; e.g.
– Non-visible bottom of a blind hole
– Important feature of object not in direct view
• holes or notches without bottom/end visible
should be assumed to go completely through
the object.
• Centerlines are to be shown on all isometric
pictorials.
43
Thank You
