10/29/23, 5:18 PM Studentized Range q Table | Real Statistics Using Excel

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Studentized Range q Table

The following tables provide the critical values for q(k, df, α) when α = .10, .05, .025,
01, .005 and .= 001. See Unplanned Comparisons for ANOVA for more details.

Alpha 0.10

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Alpha = 0.05

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Alpha = 0.025

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Alpha = 0.01
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Alpha = 0.005

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Alpha = 0.001

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Download Table
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10/29/23, 5:18 PM Studentized Range q Table | Real Statistics Using Excel

Click here to download the Excel workbook with the above table.

References

Elvers, G. (2020) Critical values of the Studentized Range (q)

http://elvers.us/stats/tables/qprobability.html

Harter, H. L. (1960) Tables of Range and Studentized Range. Ann. Math.

Statist. 31 (4) 1122 – 1147
https://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-mathematical-statistics/volume-
31/issue-4/Tables-of-Range-and-Studentized-Range/10.1214/aoms/1177705684.full

Zhang, L. (2018) Studentized Range distribution table. Purdue University course

https://www.stat.purdue.edu/~lingsong/teaching/2018fall/q-table.pdf

Howell, D. C. (2010) Statistical methods for psychology (7th ed.). Wadsworth,

Cengage Learning.
https://labs.la.utexas.edu/gilden/files/2016/05/Statistics-Text.pdf

61 thoughts on “Studentized Range q Table”

Amy
February 23, 2022 at 4:30 am

Hi there Charles,

I have the XRealStats-Mac package downloaded and have ticked the solver and
XRealStats add-in on my current excel workbook but the QDIST and QCRIT
functions don’t seem to be there ? any workarounds at all ?

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thank you !

Reply

Charles
February 24, 2022 at 10:36 am

Hi Amy,
What do you see when you enter the formula =VER() in any cell?
Charles

Reply

Rifki
June 9, 2021 at 12:53 am

use of Sig. 0.05, 0.025, 0.001 based on what? based on need or up to us?
I’m still confused why the app by default uses 0.05
Please help me

Reply

Charles
June 9, 2021 at 7:06 am

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In some sense, these values are arbitrary, especially the default of alpha = .05.
Probably .05 was chosen since it means that a wrong outcome occurs 1 time
out of 20, and this was viewed as acceptable.
Charles

Reply

Michelle O
May 21, 2021 at 7:44 pm

I am using these tables with the df of the WG (Error). Is that the correct df to
use?

Reply

Charles
May 23, 2021 at 9:40 am

Michelle,
I don’t know what the WG(Error) means. The df for the error term is the one
used in the table.
Charles

Reply

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Wilson Fandino
March 20, 2021 at 8:36 pm

Dear Charles,

I am enjoying and learning a lot from your website. From this table, it is clear to
me that the q statistic is related to t statistic in that q=t*squared root of 2.
However, it only applies for the first column (k=2). My question is whether
there is a relationship between the t statistics and the other columns (k>2), so
that we can use the t table instead if this table. Thank you in advance for your
reply.

Regards,

Wilson Fandino

Reply

Charles
March 21, 2021 at 8:57 am

Wilson,
You can’t replace the studentized q range distribution by the t distribution.
Charles

Reply

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Thomas L
December 6, 2020 at 5:13 pm

Hi,

This is a great resource! Couple operational questions I had:

1) Is there a form of this Studentized Q table somewhere in a copy-able grid or

excel? I only found this one but the values are different:
http://elvers.us/stats/tables/qprobability.html

2) More important question :-). Is there a table anywhere where I can manually
get the corresponding P VALUES calculated based on any given Qstat (without
using the Qdist plugin)? How could i best go about this would that formula?

Reply

Charles
December 9, 2020 at 4:52 pm

Hi Thomas,
1. The ANOVA 1 examples workbook contains the same Studentized Range q
values that you see on this webpage, but in Excel format (and therefore
copyable format).
You say that the values are different from the ones in
http://elvers.us/stats/tables/qprobability.html. The values on this webpage
don’t include entries for 41-47, 49-59, 61-79 and 81-119. Can you give me one
or two examples outside of these ranges where the values on the Real

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Statistics website and this found in the table that you referenced in your
comment?
2. I have not found a table with the p-values. Instead, for Real Statistics, these
values are calculated via a program in the software. The results are returned
by the QDIST function. You can use this function to create the table that you
are looking for.
Charles

Charles

Reply

Bele
November 20, 2020 at 1:10 pm

Hi do you have duncan table for 21-25 p range?

Reply

Charles
November 20, 2020 at 7:03 pm

Bele,
See http://pba.ucdavis.edu/files/45010.pdf.
You will need to use interpolation for p = 21 to 25.
Charles

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Reply

FEVILIN TANGID
November 8, 2020 at 4:36 pm

How to determine the q in HSD (TURKEY’S) ?

Reply

Charles
November 10, 2020 at 4:35 pm

See https://www.real-statistics.com/one-way-analysis-of-variance-
anova/unplanned-comparisons/tukey-hsd/
Charles

Reply

Kuhle
May 3, 2020 at 6:03 pm

Dear professor.
Thanks a lot the table is quite clear .

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Reply

qixinchen
March 28, 2020 at 7:54 pm

dear prof
how to calculate the critical value of SSR(Duncan’s) distribution using the qinv
fuction you supplied?
thank u very much.

Reply

Charles
March 29, 2020 at 6:57 pm

Hello,
Real Statistics doesn’t support Duncan’s post-hoc test. See the following for
details about how to use the q-crit value for this test:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan%27s_new_multiple_range_test
Charles

Reply

qixinchen
April 4, 2020 at 7:17 pm

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thank u ,dear prof.

Reply

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Tok Bunchantha
July 20, 2016 at 9:59 am

Duncan’s Multiple Range Test DMRT still valid. If yes, its formilar

Reply

Charles
July 20, 2016 at 10:21 am

Tok,
You can use the DMRT, but some have criticized the test as being too liberal.
Tukey’s HSD is commonly used instead and so I have focused on this test
instead of DMRT.
Charles

Reply

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huda
November 16, 2017 at 6:01 pm

Can you send or show a tuky table at the 0.001 level?

Reply

Charles
November 16, 2017 at 8:15 pm

Huda,
The referenced webpage includes the table for alpha = .001.
Charles

Reply

Erik van Rensbergen / Flanders / Belgium

February 22, 2016 at 3:22 pm

Hi Charles,
Hi Charles,
I’m sorry to insist so much on Tukey’s HSD, but I really want to understand.
Does what you wrote mean that Tukey’s HSD is not set up to compare say the
group with the second smallest mean with say the group with the third largest
mean?
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The point is that after having made an analysis of variance, and found that
there is, at least one significant difference among the means, it is essential to
find out which of the various differences among the means may be statistically
significant. One thing you know for sure (at a given level of confidence) and
that is that there may be significance between the smallest and the largest
mean…
So what to do if you want to calculate the smallest difference that should exist
between two significantly different means since Fishers LSD’s error rate
becomes too high for more than three (I read) means?
The answer to this question needs to show a fine balance between reliability
and precision, I feel.
Thank you once more for your precious time,
Erik

Reply

Charles
February 26, 2016 at 6:18 pm

Hi Erik,
Tukey’s HSD will identify a significant difference between any two groups, not
just the smallest mean with the largest. The way it reduces experimentwise
error is based on the difference between the largest and smallest means, but
this is perhaps a detail that you may not find that important.
Charles

Reply

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Erik van Rensbergen / Flanders / Belgium

February 13, 2016 at 6:24 pm

Hi Charles,
1. I found in my wine tastings Tukey’s HSD test being so severe that it often
makes conclusions disappointing at 95% of confidence level. As I wrote to you I
believe a one sided test is applicable since all differences between means are
positive, would you aggree with that? I really am interested to know weather
your tables refere to a one tailed test or not. If they were two sided one could
use de 90% tables and have a confidence level of 95%
2. Why do you not support Fisher’s LSD test? Is it because it uses the Residual
Variance and a t-value while HSD uses the Within Wines Variance and a q-
value? For my wine tastings it gave mostly plausible, say “believable” values.
But is gut feeling of course.
Thank you sincerely for answer,
Erik

Reply

Charles
February 19, 2016 at 7:59 pm

Hi Erik,
1. As I just wrote to you, I believe that Tukey’s HSD is a two tailed test.
2. I don’t support Fisher’s LSD since it doesn’t handle experimentwise error
rate very well. Tukey’s HSD is much better at this.
Charles

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Reply

carlo
February 3, 2016 at 4:49 am

hello. may i ask?. How can be the q critical value be computed without
depending on the Duncan’s distribution table? Is there an existing formula that
can be used? what is it? thanks for your response 🙂

Reply

Charles
February 3, 2016 at 9:53 am

Carlo,

You can compute the q critical value by using the QINV worksheet formula
supplied by the Real Statistics Resource Pack, as described on the following
webpage>
https://real-statistics.com/students-t-distribution/studentized-range-
distribution/

The resource pack can be downloaded for free from the website.

Charles

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Reply

carlo
February 5, 2016 at 3:11 am

I downloaded the package…but the QINV or QCRIT is not available…

Reply

Charles
February 5, 2016 at 8:26 am

Carlo,
What version of the software are you using? The Mac version?
Charles

Reply

Amy
February 23, 2022 at 4:26 am

I’ve had this same issue, I have the Excel 16.58 version on Mac, I’ve made
sure that both the Solver add-in and the XRealStats-Mac add-in are ticked
but the QCRIT or QDIST functions don’t seem to be there ?

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Charles
February 24, 2022 at 10:36 am

Hi Amy,
What do you see when you enter the formula =VER() in any cell?
Charles

Erik van Rensbergen / Flanders / Belgium

January 23, 2016 at 3:11 pm

Hi Charles,
I have been trying to come to a better understanding of Tukey’s HSD and
wonder if you can aggree with what I wrote hereunder:
Given a panel of n judges scoring each of k wines means X1, …, Xi, … Xk were
found.
After sorting those means from largest to smallest, the test hypotheses for the
k(k-1)/2 differences are:
Ho: mu-i minus mu-j = 0
H1: mu-i minus mu-j larger than 0, and not “different from zero” like I found
on some sites.
So reject Ho if Xi – Xj >= q-alpha*S-w/square root n, seems to me being a one-
sided test. Is this correct ? Is your table 3 made up in that sense ?
Thank you very much, this is a brillant site,
Erik

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Reply

Charles
February 19, 2016 at 7:47 pm

Erik,
I am very please that you like the site and I appreciate your calling it
“brilliant”.
I believe that Tukey’s HSD is a two-tailed test and not a one-tailed test.
The reason for the sorting that you refer to is that the test is essentially set up
to compare the group with the smallest mean with the group with the largest
mean.
Charles

Reply

Myra Villaflor Gutierrez

August 16, 2015 at 5:35 am

good day. i have this little question. How can be the q critical value be
computed without depending on the tukey’s distribution table? Is there an
existing formula that can be used? what is it? thanks for your response 🙂

Reply

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Charles
August 16, 2015 at 5:49 am

The Real Statistics Resource Pack provides the QINV function which
calculates the critical values. See the webpage
Studentized Range Distribution
Charles

Reply

Iris Jimenez
April 10, 2015 at 7:44 pm

How can i get the critical value if my df=42 and n=3, with alpha=0.05? I can
see 40 and 60 but I don’t know how I can get the exact value for that? What is
my critical value then? Thanks!

Reply

Charles
April 13, 2015 at 7:19 pm

Iris,

I can offer you two choices:

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(1) interpolate the values in the table between the values for 40 and 60. Since
42 is a lot closer to 40 than 60, the appropriate value should be closer to the
value in the table for 40.

(2) Install the Real Statistics Resource Pack. You can then use either the
QCRIT or QINV function. QCRIT will do the interpolation for you and QINV
will directly calculate an estimated value for df = 42.

Charles

Reply

Jess
March 7, 2015 at 2:42 pm

Are these tables also applicable to games-howell post hoc tests?

Currently my df values are below 4 and a similar table I found only went to 5 as
a minimum, which proved hard finding the correct Q value.
If so, when choosing the the Q value for example if the df was 4.65, would 4 or 5
on the table be most accurate?
I understand with games howell, you must first calculate the df, between each
pair, followed by the qcrit value for each pair, before using in the final equation
(see link):
http://www.unt.edu/rss/class/Jon/ISSS_SC/Module009/isss_m91_onewayan
ova/img138.png to get the minimum significant difference.

Can someone please confirm if this equation is correct?

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I followed the guidelines from this website:

http://www.unt.edu/rss/class/Jon/ISSS_SC/Module009/isss_m91_onewayan
ova/node7.html

However in the final calculation of minimum significant difference for games

howell, (down the bottom of the webpage) I noticed in place of their qcrit, they
used the calculated df value instead, despite in the formula saying q crit. I
wonder if this is a mistake, or if this is what one is meant to do.

Any guidance would be greatly appreciated and if anyone has a better

calculations example for games-howell please share.

Warm regards, Jess

Reply

Charles
March 8, 2015 at 10:26 am

Jess,
Yes, these tables are applicable to Games-Howell. If your df is between 4 and 5
you can interpolate between the values in the table.
Sorry but I haven’t had time to look at the references you provided regarding
your other questions.
Charles

Reply

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Jess
March 8, 2015 at 11:16 am

Dear Charles,
Thank you kindly for that!
I have since downloaded the program onto my mac and have attempted to
use QCRIT formula, however every time I type the function with the values,
separated by commas, it shows up as #NAME and says ‘compile error in
module: look up’.
Any guidance please?

Reply

Jess
March 8, 2015 at 11:17 am

Apologies the message is #VALUE!, not name that shows up.

Reply

Charles
March 13, 2015 at 10:36 pm

Jess,
I have just checked on my Windows.based computer and the QCRIT

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function works fine. I can’t think of any reason why it wouldn’t work on the
Mac, but
unfortunately, since I don’t own a Mac I can’t test the QCRIT on the Mac
until the next time I borrow a Mac from a friend. In any case, you can try to
use the QINV function which estimates the value of the inverse
Studentized Range value without doing a table lookup.
Charles

Reply

Gurumani
December 31, 2014 at 3:15 am

Thank you for your service! I am interested to known about ANOVA post-hoc Q
test. Is it possible to run this test for more than 20 treatments (groups)? Where
do I get a Q table that provides values for a>20? Can I calculate table Q value?
How? Is there an “infinite a” Q value? Will you please help me?

Reply

Charles
December 31, 2014 at 10:27 am

Gurumani,
The Real Statistics Resource Pack provides the function QINV(p, k, df, tails)
which calculates the table value for any value of k (= # of groups), even for k >
20. The values of Q for infinite df are given in the table on the referenced
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webpage. You can download the Real Statistics Resource Pack for free from
the website.
Charles

Reply

hemn
December 29, 2014 at 4:53 pm

what mean of tukey HSD and tukey-b

Reply

Charles
January 6, 2015 at 10:49 am

I don’t understand your question. Please explain further.

Charles

Reply

Lina Nur Hayati

December 16, 2014 at 5:24 am

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thanks a lot prof. i can finish my task about this :).

Reply

Sarah
November 24, 2014 at 9:24 pm

Can someone please tell me what the Q statistic is for alpha=0.05, df=156 and
k=4? I can’t find it in the reference table.

Reply

Charles
November 24, 2014 at 10:09 pm

Sarah,

You would need to interpolate between the table values for df = 120 and df =
240. Q-crit for df = 120 is 3.685 and the Q-crit for df = 240 id 3.659. A linear
interpolation would give the value 3.6772, which can be calculated using the
Real Statistics formula =QCRIT(4,156,0.05,2).

The Real Statistics formula =QINV(0.05,4,156,2), which does not use the
table, will usually give a more accurate answer, which in this case is 3.6726.

Charles

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Reply

hemn
September 26, 2014 at 12:28 pm

Second group of q tables 0.01 k=40

thanks

Reply

Charles
September 28, 2014 at 3:05 pm

This comes from reference [Ha] on the Bibliography webpage of the Real
Statistics website.
Charles

Reply

hemn
September 26, 2014 at 12:26 pm

how found Second group of tables 0.05 k=40

thanks
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Reply

Charles
September 28, 2014 at 3:04 pm

This comes from reference [Ha] on the Bibliography webpage of the Real
Statistics website.
Charles

Reply

Adeniran Seyi
September 7, 2014 at 4:34 pm

how can i get df 45, i can only see 40 and then 60. thanks

Reply

Charles
September 8, 2014 at 4:38 pm

You have to interpolate. E.g. if the table value for 40 is .2 and the table value
for 60 is .4 then the value for 45 would be .25.

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Alternatively you can use the QCRIT or QINV functions provided in the Real
Statistics Resource Pack which carry out this work for you. See the webpage
https://real-statistics.com/students-t-distribution/studentized-range-
distribution/.

Charles

Reply

binxu
July 7, 2014 at 1:49 am

Can anyone please tell me what the Q statistic is for alpha 0.05, df 75 and k 23?
I have not found it in any reference table.

Reply

Charles
July 7, 2014 at 6:17 am

These are outside the range of values found in the table. You can use the Real
Statistics Resource Pack’s QINV function to find the approximate value. The
formula =QINV(0.05,23,75) gives the value 5.306308907. More details can be
found at https://real-statistics.com/students-t-distribution/studentized-
range-distribution/.
Charles

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Reply

nano
May 22, 2014 at 2:41 am

hello
Can you please tell me what the Q statistic is for two way anova (25×2), alpha
0.05, and df 200 ? Thx 😀

Reply

Charles
May 24, 2014 at 7:30 am

I don’t know of a q statistic for two-way Anova. The q statistic is used in

various Anova follow-up tests (e.g. Tukey HSD). These are described
elsewhere on the website, but they apply to one-way as well as two-way Anova,
although perhaps you are referring to some test that I am not familiar with..
For more information see https://real-statistics.com/one-way-analysis-of-
variance-anova/unplanned-comparisons/ and https://real-
statistics.com/two-way-anova/contrasts-two-factor-anova/.
Charles

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Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Table

Mann-Whitney Table

Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Table

Runs Test Table

Shapiro-Wilk Tables

One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Table

Two Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Table

Studentized Range q Table

Spearman’s Rho Table

Kendall’s Tau Table

Durbin-Watson Table

Lilliefors Test Table

One-Sample Anderson-Darling Test Table

Two-Sample Anderson-Darling Test Table

Pearson’s Correlation Table

Dunnett’s Table

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Table

Engle-Granger Table

Interpolation

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