fsiqodinamikuri Teoria: praqtika da gamoyeneba

fsiqopaTologia
profesiuli cxovrebis udidesi nawili froidma nevrotul aSlilobebze muSaobas Sealia.
faqtobrivad, misi Teoriis yvela principi gamoyvanilia nevrotul pacientebze dakvirvebidan, ris
safuZvelze froidma daaskvna, rom nevrotuli gadaxrebis mqone pacientebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
fsiqologiuri procesebi sulac ar aris maTi eqskluziuri Tavisebureba. ama Tu im formiT isini
yvela adamianTan gvxdeba. amdenad, Tumca misi Teoria Tavdapirvelad pacientTa qcevaze
dakvirvebis safuZvelze iqmneboda, TandaTanobiT is pirovnebis zogad Teoriad gadaiqca.
konfliqti da dacva
froidis Tanaxmad, mTeli fsiqopaTologia ukavSirdeba survils dakmayofildes instinqtebi,
romlebic ganviTarebis ufro adrindel stadiaze dafiqsirda. amgvarad, paTologiis SemTxvevaSi
individi jerac iswrafvis miiRos bavSvuri formebiT seqsualuri da agresiuli dakmayofileba.
magram warsul travmasTan paTologiis SesaZlo kavSiris gamo am survilis gamovlena SeiZleba
niSnavdes me-s mimarT muqaras da aRZravdes SfoTvis gancdas. ase iqmneba konfliqtis situacia,
romlis drosac erTi da igive moqmedeba siamovnebasac ukavSirdeba da tkivilsac. mag., sakuTari
TavisTvis seqsualuri kmayofilebis nebis micema, romelic iblokeba danaSaulis grZnobiT,
sasjelis da Seuracxyofis SiSiT, an kidev, adamians surdes sxvas daeyrdnos, masze iyos
damokidebuli, magram eSinodes, rom es mas frustraciasa da tkivils miayenebs. orive SemTxvevaSi
gvaqvs konfliqti survilsa da SfoTvas Soris. amgvari situaciis Sedegi, rogorc wesi, aseTia:
individi ver ambobs `aras~, ver avlens daJinebulobas da Tavs ubedur da araTavisufal adamianad
ganicdis.
SfoTva, arsebiTad, konfliqtis umTavresi elementia. paTologiis dros urTierTTan
konfliqtSia survili (instinqti) da safrTxis gancda (SfoTva), romelic emuqreba subieqts, Tuki
survili gamovlenili (realizebuli) iqneba. amisgan Tavis dasacavad, rogorc ukve iTqva,
gamoiyeneba dacvis meqanizmebi. xSir SemTxvevaSi konfliqti iwvevs simptomis Camoyalibebas.
simptomebi, rogoricaa sxvadasxvagvari tiki, fsiqologiuri warmoSobis damblebi an akviatebuli
moqmedebebi, daTrgunuli ltolvebis damaxinjebuli gamoxatulebebia. simptomis mniSvneloba,
instinqtis saSiSi buneba da dacvis arsi _ es yvelaferi rCeba cnobierebis miRma. aviRoT,
magaliTad, xelebis banis akviatebuli rituali, rodesac adamiani grZnobs dauZlevel survils
mudmivad ibanos xelebi. es simptomi erTdroulad SeiZleba niSnavdes survils `akeTo binZuri
saqmeebi~ da am survilisagan dacvas _ akviatebul pirad sisufTaves.
amrigad, fsiqopaTologiis fsiqoanalitikuri Teoriis Tanaxmad, pirovnebis ganviTarebaSi
xdeba Seferxebebi, romlebic survilebsa da SiSs Soris konfliqts ukavSirdeba. survilebi da
SiSebi, romlebic bavSvobis garkveuli periodisTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli, yrmobaSi da didobaSi
inacvleben. dacvis meqanizmebis meSveobiT adamiani cdilobs Tavi gaarTvas SfoTvas, romelic
konfliqtis mtkivneuli komponentia. magram Tu konfliqti Zalian Zlieria, dacviTi meqanizmebis
gamoyenebas SeuZlia gamoiwvios nevtrotuli simptomebis Camoyalibeba an fsiqozisaTvis esoden

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damaxasiaTebeli _ realobidan gasvla (gaqceva). simptomebi gamoxataven aracnobier konfliqts
survilsa (ltolvas) da SfoTvas Soris. paTologiuri qcevis yvela SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs
aracnobieri konfliqti survilsa da SiSs Soris, romelic saTaves adreul bavSvobaSi iRebs.
amrigad, Cven, ufrosebs, nawilobriv SenarCunebuli gvaqvs qcevis bavSvuri modelebi, romlebic
stresis dros SeiZleba gaaqtiurdnen da Segawuxon.
qcevis cvlileba
rogor xdeba qcevis cvlileba? Tu adamians Camouyalibda qcevis, azrovnebis da sxvadasxva
situaciaze reagirebis Taviseburi wyoba, ris xarjze SeiZleba, rom pirovneba Seicvalos?
fsiqoanalitikuri Teoriis Tanaxmad, arsebobs pirovnebis zrdis normaluri Tanmimdevroba,
romelic yalibdeba frustraciis optimaluri donis wyalobiT. rodesac frustraciebi Zalian
bevri an Zalian cotaa, pirovneba wyvets normalur ganviTarebas da fiqsirdeba ganviTarebis
miRweul stadiaze. es niSnavs, rom igi iwyebs qcevis aTvisebuli saxeebis gamoyenebas situaciaSi
momxdari cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. Tu amgvari nevrotuli Cavardna moxda, rogor
SeiZleba am Caketili wris garRveva da win waweva?
fsiqoanalituri mkurnaloba: fsiqoanalizi, rogorc Terapia
rodesac janmrTeli mozrdili axerxebs seqsualuri dakmayofilebisa da seqsualuri instinqtebis
arapirdapir sublimacias, is akmayofilebs fsiqikuri janmrTelobis ganmsazRvrel or cnobil
froidiseul kriteriums; esenia siyvaruli da samuSao. aseTi Sedegis miRweva mxolod maSin aris
SesaZlebeli, Tu ganviTarebis procesSi ar momxdara mniSvnelovani fiqsaciebi, an arsebuli
fiqsaciebi fsiqoanalitikuri mkurnalobis gziT iqna aRmofxvrili. froidi fsiqoanalizs
arqeologias adarebda. analitikuri procesi siRrmeSi Cafluli primitiuli masalis „amoTxras“
cdilobs, romelic gandevnis procesis meSveobiT iqna „Camarxuli“. „Camarxuli“ masala
cnobierebis zedapirze amoitaneba, raTa ufro ganviTarebulma egom (Terapevtma) ganixilos da
Seiswavlos. janmrTelobis miRwevis froidiseuli formulaa „sadac iyo idi, iq unda iyos ego“
(Фрейд, З. 1995).
SfoTva da masTan dakavSirebuli nevrotuli simptomebi ubiZgeben individebs, rom daxmarebisTvis
fsiqoTerapevtebs mimarTon. froidis TeoriaSi, rogorc ukve viciT, SfoTvis sami wyaroa
aRwerili: SemaSinebeli, garemoSi arsebuli safrTxis Semcveli garemoebebi (realuri SfoTva),
idSi gandevnili masalis SiSis momgvreli amoxeTqva (nevrotuli SfoTva) da danaSaulis gancdisa
da sxva usiamovno grZnobebidan momdinare safrTxe, romelsac super-ego badebs (moraluri
SfoTva). gaxangrZlivebuli an intensiuri SfoTva sust egoze miuTiTebs, romelsac ar SeuZlia
garegan problemebTan realisturad gamklaveba, an Sinagani konfliqtebis damoukideblad
mogvareba. rodesac susti ego ver axerxebs SfoTvis aRmZvrel garegan da Sinagan viTarebebTan
pirispir Sexvedrasa da maTTan gamklavebas, is dacvis meqanizmebis gamoyenebas iwyebs.
damaxinjebisa da falsifikaciis, aseve, TviTmotyuebis meSveobiT, dacvis meqanizmebi met-naklebad
amcireben SfoTvas da garkveul Svebas hgvrian mas, magram permanentuli mSvidi fsiqikuri
mdgomareoba ver miiRweva am gziT. ase didxans ver SeZlebs dasustebuli ego mdgomareobis

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SenarCunebas. sinamdvileSi, dacvis meqanizmebi sapirispirod moqmedeben: vinaidan isini
cnobierebamde ar uSveben realur emociebs, impulsebs, survilebsa da a. S., izRudeba insaitebis,
gagebis, realobis gaanalizebisa da sxva SesaZlo makoregirebeli da produqtuli qcevebis
ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba. es, Tavis mxriv, ufro da ufro amZimebs pirovnebis mdgomareobas
da misi problemebi sul ufro mwvavdeba da mZimdeba (Nye, R. D., 2000).
rodesac SfoTvis gamomwvevi pirobebi narCundeba an Zlierdeba da iseTi simptomebis Camoyalibebas
uwyoben xels, rogoricaa gamofitva, depresia, danaSaulis gancda, Tavis tkivilebi, seqsualuri
problemebi an damcirebulobisa da araadekvaturobis grZnobebi, pirovnebam SeiZleba Tavad
gadawyvitos an vinmem urCios, rom mimarTos fsiqoanalitikoss.
cxadia, yvela analitikosi erTnairad ar muSaobs. zogierTi maTgani naklebad tradiciulia,
sxvebTan SedarebiT; es niSnavs imas, rom zogadi fsiqoanalitikuri orientaciis miuxedavad,
romelic, ZiriTadad, froidianulia, isini inovaciuri teqnikebiT avseben TavianT saqmianobas (Nye,
R. D., 2000).
qvemoT mokled mimovixilavT fsiqoanalituri mkurnalobis koncefcias, teqnikebsa da ZiriTad
momentebs, romlebic froidis klasikur, tradiciul fsiqoanalizSia aRwerili.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, 1880-ian wlebSi froidi hipnozis gamoyenebam miizida. ioseb breierTan
erTad is ikvlevda emociuri aSlilobebis kaTarzisis anu emociebis gamonTavisuflebis meSveobiT
mkurnalobis SesaZleblobebs. amas isini imiT aRwevdnen, rom pacienti hipnoturi transis
mdgomareobaSi saubrobda sakuTari problemebis Sesaxeb. droTa ganmavlobaSi froidi ufro da
ufro ukmayofilo iyo hipnoziT, rogorc mkurnalobis meTodiT, vinaidan aRmoaCina, rom misi yvela
pacienti ar eqvemdebareboda hipnotur zemoqmedebas, zogierTi ki arasakmarisad Rrma hipnotur
mdgomareobaSi gadadioda da amitom veRar aRwevda stabilur, mdgrad Sedegebs (gankurnebas).
miuxedavad amisa, aRsaniSnavia, rom man bevri ram iswavla hipnotizirebul pacientebze
dakvirvebisas da uaRresad mniSvnelovan daskvnebamde mivida. kerZod, man daaskvna, rom dinamikuri
fsiqikuri Zalebi aracnobierad operireben pirovnebaSi, ris Sedegadac warmoiqmneba
sxvadasxvagvari nevrotuli simptomi (Nye, R. D., 2000; Фрейд, З., 1995).
aracnobierSi SeRweva, Tavisufali asociaciebi da sizmrebis interpretacia
fsiqoanalitikosi fsiqikuri determinizmis principze dayrdnobiT muSaobs, raTa miakvlios
pacientis aracnobier ideebsa da konfliqtebs, romlebic warsulSi iReben saTaves da amwyoSi
uSlian xels adekvaturad cxovrebaSi. fsiqoanalitikosi amiT exmareba pacients, raTa man SeZlos
warsulis gameorebis nevrotuli kompulsiisgan gaTavisufleba, romelic simptomis an simptomTa
nakrebis saxiT aris warmodgenili, da amis nacvlad iswavlos awmyoTi cxovreba (Cloninger, S. C.,
2004). am miznis misaRwevad klasikuri fsiqoanalizi or ZiriTad teqnikas iyenebs, esenia:
Tavisufali asociaciebis meTodi da sizmrebis interpretacia, rac klinikuri intervius
farglebSi xorcieldeba. Terapiul garemoSi cnobieri kontrolis Semcireba aracnobieri Zalebis
SedarebiT Tavisuflad gamovlenis saSualebas iZleva, romlebic Cveulebriv pirobebSi
ewinaaRmdegebian gacnobierebas da, Sesabamisad, SeuZlebelia maTze uSualod dakvirveba.

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pirovnebis fsiqologia
froids Tavisufali asociaciebis meTodi da sizmrebis interpretacia fsiqoanalizis wamyvan
meTodad miaCnda. Tavisufali asociaciis meTodi mdgomareobs SemdegSi: pacienti, romelic
moxerxebulad wevs taxtze, SeZlebisdagvarad aTavisuflebs gonebas da uwyvetad aRwers sakuTar
azrebs, survilebs, fizikur SegrZnebebsa da warmodgenebs. meTodma rom saTanadod imuSaos,
pacienti unda daTanxmdes Semdegi fundamenturi wesis dacvaze: man, SeZlebisdagvarad, Tavi unda
daanebos cnobier winaaRmdegobas, uari Tqvas racionaluri azrovnebis procesze da Tavisuflad
gamoTqvas yvelaferi, rac TavSi mouva, miuxedavad imisa, Tu ramdenad trivialuria, erTmaneTTan
daukavSirebeli an samarcxvinoa maTi Sinaarsi. Tavisuflad asocirebisas gamoxatvis spontanuroba
ukiduresad mniSvnelovania da fundamenturi wesi swored imisTvis aris mowodebuli, rom
pacientebma yvela Rone ixmaron, rom spontanurebi iyvnen.
raki asociaciebi ar aris SemTxveviTi, analitikosis amocanaa Tvali gaadevnos maT da
ubralo sityvebis miRma nagulisxmevi realuri mniSvneloba amoicnos. pacients Zlieri grZnobebis
gamoxatvis saSualeba eZleva, rac, rogorc wesi, misTvis mniSvnelovan avtoritetul figurebzea
mimarTuli da romlebic gandevnil iqnen cnobierebidan dasjis an samagieros mizRvevis SiSiT.
nebismier emociur ganmuxtvas, rac xdeba Terapiul garemoSi am an sxva procesis Sedegad
kaTarzisi ewodeba.
rogorc aRiniSna, am procesSi froidi iyenebda e. w. analitikosis taxts, romelic stereotipuli
fsiqoanalitikosis erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili atributia, mowodebuli imisaTvis, rom pacientma
miaRwios maqsimalurad Rrma relaqsacias. amasTan, taxtze ganTavsebul pacientsa da analitikoss
ar uwevT erTmaneTisTvis mudmivad saxeSi yureba da isini uSualo da uwyvetad ar ekontaqtebian
erTmaneTs. amiT kidev ufro relaqsirebuli atmosfero iqmneba da ar xdeba analitikuri procesis
gawyveta (magaliTad, pacienti ar reagirebs analitikosis saxis gamometyvelebis cvlilebaze).
sainteresoa, rom froids Tavisi pirovnuli mizezic hqonda, rom taxti gamoeyenebina. 1913 wels
gamosul naSromSi „fsiqoanalizis teqnikis damatebiTi rekomendaciebi“ is wers, rom ver
gadaitanda, yoveldRe rva da meti saaTis ganmavlobaSi misTvis pirdapir saxeSi rom eyurebinaT
(Nye, R. D., 2000).
sizmrebis interpretacia
aracnobierSi SeRwevis `samefo gzad~ froids sizmrebi miaCnda, anu misi xiluli Sinaarsidan
faruli Sinaarsis gaucnobierebeli survilebis amokiTxva, da amisTvis isev Tavisufali
asociaciebis meTodis gamoyeneba. misi Teoriis mixedviT, sizmris Sinaarsi ordoniania.
manifestirebuli anu xiluli Sinaarsi sizmris cnobieri aspeqtia, romelic adamians gaRviZebis
Semdeg axsovs da analitikur seansze yveba. sizmris latenturi anu faruli Sinaarsi
fsiqoanalizisTvis yvelaze saintereso aspeqtia _ esaa misi dafaruli, aracnobieri mniSvneloba.
sizmrebi, froidis mixedviT, aracnobieri survilebis gamoxatulebas warmoadgenen. is, rac
cnobierebis zedapiramde aRwevs, damaxinjebulia da simboluri formiT aris gadmocemuli (Фрейд,
З., 1995). amitom realur mniSvnelobamde CasaRwevad saWiroa sizmris xiluli Sinaarsidan faruli
Sinaarsisken svla Tavisufali asociaciebisa da sizmris analizis gamoyenebiT.

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pirovnebisTvis Zalze Zneli gadasatani iqneba, Tu misi aracnobieri seqsualuri da agresiuli
impulsebi da survilebi uSualod, pirdapir gamoixateba cnobier doneze. amitom saqmeSi sizmris
muSaoba erTveba. sizmris muSaobis Sedegad aracnobieri latenturi Sinaarsi SedarebiT misaReb
manifestirebul Sinaarsad gardaiqmneba. am dros ramdenime procesi operirebs. erT-erTi maTgania
Sededeba-SemWidroeba, rodesac ramdenime faruli elementi erT xilul elementSi erTiandeba.
Canacvlebis Sedegad faruli sizmris martivi elementi xilul SinaarsSi Zalze mniSvnelovan
elementad SeiZleba iyos warmodgenili. SesaZlebelia sapirispiro mimarTulebac: mniSvnelovani
latenturi elementi Zalze umniSvnelod da trivialurad gamoiyureba xilul SinaarsSi.
dramatizacia aris procesi, romliTac aracnobieri elementebi sizmarSi situaciebis saxiT
mowodebul vizualur xatebad an suraTebad gardaiqmneba. sizmris muSaobis am procesebis garda,
mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs meoradi gadasinjva. aq saubaria SinaarsSi arsebuli Cavardnebis
Sevsebisa da kavSirebis damyarebis tendenciaze, ris Sedegadac manifestirebuli sizmris
elementebi xSirad (magram ara yovelTvis) uwyvetad, erTamenTTan dakavSirebulad gamoiyureba
(Nye, R. D., 2000; Фрейд, З., 1995).
froidi miiCnevda, rom manifestirebuli Sinaarsi savsea simboloebiT, romlebic upiratesad
aracnobier seqsualobas ukavSirdeba. magaliTad, xilul SinaarsSi penisi SeiZleba warmodgenili
iyos, rogorc joxi, gveli, iaraRi an raime sxva mogrZo sagani. ureTras simbolo SeiZleba iyos
Rruiani sagani, rogoricaa yuTi, Rumeli, ujra an karada. qalis simbolur gamoxatulebas
SeiZleba warmoadgendes saxli an oTaxi, romlis kari sxeulis xvrelebis simbolizacia iqneba.
sqesobrivi aqtis simbolod gamodgeba baRis morwyva an kibeebze asvla. mtruloba SeiZleba
sikvdiliT an ubeduri SemTxveviT simbolizirdes. es magaliTebi SedarebiT sworxazovani da
Zalze TvalsaCinoa. realur sizmrebSi simboloebi xSirad gacilebiT rTulia da erTmaneTSia
gadaxlarTuli. amitom analitikosis mxridan interpretaciis ostatobasa da did gamocdilebas
moiTxovs1 (Nye, R. D., 2000).
froidis TeoriaSi manifestirebuli sizmrebi, rogorc nevrozebis TeoriaSi simptomebi,
kompromisuli warmonaqmnebia. sizmrebi, simptomebis msgavsad, gaucnobierebeli survilebis
maskireba da nawilobrivi ganxorcielebaa. sizmrebSi adamians SeuZlia daikmayofilos sakuTari
agresiuli da seqsualuri miswrafebebi SeniRbuli, da amdenad, usafrTxo formiT. mag., imis
nacvlad, rom TviTon klavdes vinmes sizmarSi, mas esizmreba, rom saZulvel adamians klaven. am
SemTxvevaSi survilis amocnoba ase Tu ise SeiZleba, sxva SemTxvevaSi ki igi SeiZleba gacilebiT
ukeT iyos SeniRbuli. es niSnavs imas, rom aracnobier survils, garkveulwilad, eZleva gamoxatvis
saSualeba, magram mxolod damaxinjebuli formiT. ego sizmarSic ki axorcielebs cenzuras da
amiT xels uSlis miuRebeli aracnobieri masalis Tavisi realuri akrZaluli formiT zedapirze
amotivtivebas. rodesac ego saTanadod veRar asrulebs cenzuris samuSaos, Sedegad adamiani Ramis
koSmars (anu, fsiqoanalituri terminebiT, „SfoTvian sizmars“) xedavs. aseT SemTxvevebSi ego ver

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aucileblad unda iTqvas, rom Tavad fsiqoanalitikosebSi arsebobs azrTa sxvadasxvaoba
sizmrebis froidiseuli xedvis validurobasTan dakavSirebiT. SemoTavazebulia sizmrebis
sxvagvari interpretaciebic, magram es Zalian rTuli sakiTxia da aq ar ganvixilavT.
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axerxebs Tavisi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani funqciis Sesrulebas: daicvas Zili imiT, rom aracnobier
daZabulobas mxolod umtkivnelo da nawilobrivi reducirebis saSualeba misces (Nye, R. D., 2000).
nevrotuli simptomebi
rogorc zemoT vaxseneT, mxolod manifestirebuli sizmrebi ar warmoadgenen kompromisul
warmonaqmnebs. froidi Tvlida, rom aseTive kompromisis Sedegia nevrotuli simptomebi. sxva
sityvebiT, isinic aracnobieri, akrZaluli survilebis damaxinjebuli da gaukuRmarTebuli
reprezentaciebia (Nye, R. D., 2000). simptomi aris kompromisuli qceva idsa da super-egos, an egosa
da realobas Soris warmoqmnili konfliqtur situaciaSi. rodesac erTmaneTs ejaxeba ori
urTierTsapirispiro survili, impulsi, grZnoba an moTxovnileba da rodesac orive sakmaod
Zlieria, Sedegad yalibdeba nevrotuli simptomi, rogorc ganxorcielebuli qcevis kompromisuli,
Sualeduri varianti, romelic, erTi SexedviT, moklebulia azrs, magram detaluri SeswavliTa anu
analiziT (Tavisufali asociaciebiTa da sizmrebis interpreaciiT) SesaZlebelia maTi realuri
mizezisa da funqciisTvis migneba (Фрейд, З., 1995).
Terapiuli procesi
aracnobierSi Rrmad dafluli grZnobebis cnobierSi amotanis process kaTarziss uwodeben. es
grZnobebi, SiSisa da dardis CaTvliT, xSirad Tan axlavs daviwyebul mogonebebs (Cloninger, S. C.,
2004). fsiqoanalituri mkurnaloba insaitebs iZleva. sxva sityvebiT, adamiani wvdeba, acnobierebs
sakuTar WeSmarit motivebs, romlebic aracnobier konfliqtebs warmoadenen. Terapiuli efeqti
rom hqondes, insaits aucileblad unda sdevdes Tan emociuri gacnobiereba. Tumca, unda
gvaxsovdes, rom iseTi insaitebic ki, romlebic emociuri kaTarzisis TanxlebiT mimdinareobs da
aracnobieri motivaciebis gacnobierebiT sruldeba, ver mogvcems erTxel da samudamod
gankurnebis garantias. amasTan, Tanamedrove fsiqoanalitikosebi acnobiereben, rom aracnobier
konfliqtebs isev da isev unda davupirispirdeT fsiqoanalituri mkurnalobisas. pacientma unda
„daamuSaos, gadaamuSavos“ („gadaxarSos“) konfliqti: aRmoaCinos uamravi viTareba, romelzec
imoqmeda am konfliqtma da arsebiTad gadaawyos sakuTari pirovneba am aracnobieri iracionaluri
determinantebis metad racionaluri, gonivruli da mowifuli motivaciebiT Canacvlebis gziT
(Cloninger, S. C., 2004).
analitikuri Terapiis procesSi kombinirebulad gamoiyeneba Tavisufali asociaciebi da sizmrebis
analizi. analitikosma pacients SeiZleba sTxovos, rom sizmris xiluli Sinaarsis romelime
aspeqti aiRos da masze daiwyos Tavisuflad asocireba, rac, savaraudod, faruli Sinaarsis
Sesaxeb raime informaciis momtani iqneba. orive teqnikis mizans im aracnobieri masalis
cnobierebaSi amotana warmoadgens, romelic pacients problemas uqmnis. analitikur mkurnalobaSi
mniSvnelovani win gadadgmuli nabijia masalis gacnobiereba, rac masTan awmyoSi gamklavebis
SesaZleblobas qmnis. gandevnili impulsebi, survilebi da konfliqtebi aracnobieridan cnobier
doneze unda iqnas amotanili.
analitikosi cdilobs, rom gamgebi da neitraluri msmenelis pozicia daikavos, rodesac pacienti
Tavisuflad asocirebs sakuTar sizmrebTan an sxva gamocdilebebTan mimarTebaSi. Terapevtisa da

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pirovnebis fsiqologia
pacientis urTierToba unda emyarebodes ndobas, romelic pacients usafrTxoebis gancdas gauCens.
es aucilebeli pirobaa imisaTvis, rom man SeZlos Tavisi yvelaze siRrmiseuli grZnobebis
gamoxatva yovelgvari SfoTvisa da SiSis gareSe, ganurCevlad imisa, Tu ra grZnobebzea saubari
(Nye, R. D., 2000).
fsiqoanalituri mkurnaloba, zogadad, xangrZlivi da mZime procesia, romelic xSirad kviraSi
ramdenime seanss saWiroebs ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi. pacienti Rrmad emociuri bunebis mqone
ganaTlebis gamocdilebas iRebs. Terapiis miznebia meti TviTcnobierebis, patiosnebis, sakuTari
impulsebis ukeT kontrolis, metad efeqturi interpersonaluri urTierTobebis damyarebis,
SesaZleblobebis realisturad Sefasebisa da imis miRebis unaris formireba, rasac veRar
SevcvliT. bedniereba, rogorc absoluturi mdgomareoba, ar aris fsiqoanalizis mizani. froidis
mixedviT, adamiani ar aris im mdgomareobaSi, rom mas SeeZlos aseTi absoluturi mdgomareobis
miRweva. Cven unda viswavloT sakuTari da sxvebis garkveuli sisusteebisa da SezRudvebis miReba.
sakmarisad Zlieri egos mqone pirovnebas SeuZlia amis gakeTeba da fsiqoanalituri mkurnaloba
swored egos gaZlierebisTvis aris gankuTvnili.
aucileblad unda iTqvas, rom fsiqoanalizi yovelTvis ar gamoiyeneba zemoT aRwerili
standartuli, klasikuri formiT. magaliTad, Sesityveba “fsiqoanalituri fsiqoTerapia” xSirad
aRniSnavs midgomas, romelic nakleb dros saWiroebs da analitikossa da pacients Soris,
savaraudod, metad uSualo, pirispir urTierTqmedebas moiazrebs, rodesac analitikur
interpretaciebTan erTad, pacients rCevebsa da SeTavazebebsac aZleven. es midgomebi konkretuli
pacientis moTxovnilebebsa da saWiroebebs SeiZleba moergos da SeiZleba gulisxmobdes: Terapiul
seansebs Soris ufro did Sualedebs, riTac Tavidan irideben uaryofiT transferebs (rac
axangrZlivebs Terapias); pirovnebis garemos cvlilebebis dagegmvas; simptomebis Sesamsubuqeblad
medikamentebis gamoyenebas; an am yvelafris kombinacias (Nye, R. D., 2000).
fsiqoanalitur midgomebs, romlebic viwrod erT konkretul problemaze fokusirdebian da metad
direqtiulia da SezRuduli drois pirobebSi (daaxloebiT 12 seansis moculobiT) mimdinareoben,
xanmokle dinamikur Terapiebs uwodeben. sainteresoa, rom Tavad froidi iyenebda xanmokle da
xangrZlivi periodebisTvis gaTvlil Terapiul midgomebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom fsiqoanalizma
xangrZlivi (ramdenime wlis manZilze) da intensiuri (kviraSi ramdenime erTsaaTiani Sexvedra)
mkurnalobis saxeli daimkvidra. cnobilia, rom froidis analizi varirebda kviraSi erTidan eqvs
Sexvedramde 4-4,5 wlis ganmavlobaSi; zogierTi misi SemTxveva ki ufro xangrZliv periodis
moicavs. miuxedavad am variaciebisa, froidi Tvlis, rom fsiqoanalizi xangrZliv mkurnalobas
saWiroebs da es klasikuri analizis maxasiaTebelia (Nye, R. D., 2000).
winaaRmdegoba
rodesac aracnobieri masala cnobierSi iwyebs gadmosvlas, rogorc wesi, pacientis mxridan
amas Tan sdevs masalis Semdgomi gacnobierebisTvis winaRmdegobis gaweva. is SeiZleba amtkicebdes,
rom es yovelive imdenad umniSvnelo, absurduli, Seusabamo an Zalze arasasiamovnoa, rom ar Rirs
masze laparaki. sxva sityvebiT, man SeiZleba mentaluri blokebi Seqmnas, Secvalos sagani, sxva

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pirovnebis fsiqologia
mimarTulebiT waiyvanos saubari, Seecados Semdegi seansis gadadebas da a. S. am winaaRmdegobebs,
SesaZloa, sxvadasxva mizezi hqondes da bevri maTgani aracnobieri iyos: ukiduresad usiamovno,
dafaruli impulsebi an mogonebebi gacnobierebis zRvarze iyos; gacnobierebis Tanmdevi SfoTva
aRavsebdes egos, romelic Seuracxmyofel masalas damcav barierebs ugebs. aseT SemTxvevebSi
pirovneba jer ar aris mzad sakuTari Tavis ama Tu im aspeqtis misaRebad (Nye, R. D., 2000).
fsiqoanalizis mizania dasZlios pacientis winaaRmdegoba da misces mas SesaZlebloba Tvali
gausworos am mtkivneul azrebs, survilebsa da gancdebs.
amrigad, Terapiuli cvlilebis procesi fsiqoanalizSi niSnavs Serkinebas emociebTan da
survilebTan, romlebic manamde, pacientisaTvis SedarebiT umtkivneulo viTarebaSi, ar
cnobierdeboda. Tu fsiqopaTologia moicavs SeCerebas anu fiqsacias ganviTarebis adreul
stadiaze, maSin fsiqoanalizis proceduris daxmarebiT individi Tavisufldeba am fiqsaciisagan,
raTa fsiqologiuri ganviTarebis normalur gzas daubrundes. Tu fsiqopaTologia moicavs
instinqtebis gzaze dabrkolebebis Seqmnas da fsiqologiur dacvaze energiis uzomo xarjvas,
fsiqoanalizi axdens energiis imgvarad gadanawilebas, rom meti energia rCebodes ufro nayofier
saqmianobaze, romelic Tavisufali iqneba danaSaulis gancdisgan da metic, kmayofilebis momtani
iqneba. Tu fsiqopaTologia moicavs konfliqtebs da dacvis meqanizmebs, fsiqoanalizi xels uwyobs
konfliqtebis Sesustebas da pacientis gaTavisuflebas am SezRudvebisagan, rac dacvis procesebs
ukavSirdeba.
analizis procesi sxvadasxva tipis Cveuli winaaRmdegobebiT xasiaTdeba. faqtobrivad, isini
warmoadgenen pirovnebaSi arsebul Zalebs, romlebic ewinaaRmdegebian pozitiuri cvlilebis
process. usiamovno masalis zedapirze amosvlisTvis egos mier xelis SeSlis mcdelobis garda,
winaaRmdegobis mizezi SeiZleba iyos Semdegi situaciebi (Nye, R. D., 2000):
1. rodesac analitikosi ar akmayofilebs pacientis ararealistur molodinebs, is ukmayofilo da
frustrirebuli xdeba; Sedegad naklebad midis TanamSromlobaze;
2. iseTi nevrotuli simptomebi, rogoricaa intensiuri SfoTva, mudmivi Tavis tkivilebi, qronikuli
daRliloba da depresia, SeiZleba pirovnebis miznebs emsaxurebodes im faqtis miuxedavad, rom
isini amasTanave diskomfortsac iwveven. maTgan pacienti, SesaZloa, e. w. meorad sargebels iRebdes,
rac pasuxismgeblobebis Tavidan acilebas, sxvebis yuradRebis mipyrobasa da simpaTias moiazrebs.
amitom pacienti advilad ar Seeleva maT. pacienti aseTi simptomebisgan pirvelad sargebelsac
iRebs, radgan isini miuRebeli aracnobieri impulsebis erTgvari dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas
iZlevian. vinaidan nevrotuli simptomebisgan pacienti pirvelad sargebels iRebs, man SeiZleba
aracnobierad Seaferxos sakuTari progresi;
3. SeiZleba TviTdamangreveli stimuli moqmedebdes saziano qcevebisa da cnobierebis
mdgomareobebis SesanarCuneblad, romlebic, froidis TqmiT, bazisuria adamianis bunebisTvis;
4. SesaZloa super-egom moaxdinos gavlena, ris Sedegadac pacients xandaxan uCndeba Rrmad
gamjdari grZnoba, TiTqos is momavalSic unda daitanjos sxvadasxva codvebis gamo.

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es CamonaTvali arasrulia, magram gviCvenebs, rom pacientis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas Zalebis
mTeli rigi ewinaaRmdegeba. pacienti sxvadasxva odenobiT SeiZleba acnobierebdes winaaRmdegobis
arsebobas, sruliad cnobieridan aracnobieramde.
Tu Terapia unda Sedges, maSin analitikosma unda aRmofxvras winaaRmdegoba da aracnobieris
ufro da ufro Rrma Sreebi unda iqnas gacnoberebuli. teqnika, romelsac am mizniT iyeneben, aris
interpretacia: analitikosi cdilobs, auxsnas pacients misi winaaRmdegobis iracionaluri
Tvisebebi. interpretaciisas mniSvnelovania drois ganawileba da drouloba. Tu Zalian adre
daiwyo, aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios winaaRmdegobis mateba; an pacientma SeiZleba Zalian martivad
miiRos miwodebuli axsnebi (da ifiqros, rom „ganikurna“); anda mxolod inteleqtualur (da ara —
emociur) doneze miiRos. Terapevtma unda daarwmunos pacienti, daTmos poziciebi da Tavi daanebos
winaaRmdegobis gawevas, Tu surs miaRwios progress da Cawvdes Tavisi nevrotuli simptomebis
safuZvelSi mdebare dinamikas (Nye, R. D., 2000).
Terapiuli procesi: gadatana/ transferi
amrigad, fsiqoanalizi ganixileba, rogorc swavlis procesi, ris Sedegad individi ubrundeba da
agrZelebs ganviTarebis process, romelic SeaCera nevrozma. ZiriTadi principia davabrunoT
pacienti, magram axla ufro xelsayrel viTarebaSi, im emociur situaciebSi, romlebsac man
warsulSi Tavi ver gaarTva. fsiqoanalitikuri mkurnaloba, praqtikulad, pacientis warsulis
xelaxla gacocxlebasa da gancdas moicavs. bavSvobis grZnobebi da konfliqtebi cocxldebian
aracnobieris siRrmeebidan. es, faqtobrivad, emociuri regresiaa. rodesac pacienti xelaxla
ganicdis Zvel emociebs, is am emociebis TerapevtisTvis „mibmis“ tendenciiT xasiaTdeba. am
process transferi anu gadatana ewodeba, rac fsiqoanalitikuri mkurnalobis procesis erT-erTi
ZiriTadi Tanmdevi fenomenia. termini gadatana exeba pacientis mxridan garkveuli damokidebulebis
Camoyalibebas Tavisi analitikosisadmi: igi yalibdeba mSoblebisadmi adre Camoyalibebuli
damokidebulebis darad. Tu SevxedavT gadatanas rogorc warsuli gamocdilebis gavleniT
amJamindeli realobis damaxinjebas, igi xSiria yoveldRiur cxovrebaSic da yvela formis
fsiqoTerapiasa da fsiqokonsultaciaSi. Tumca gadatana Terapiis mravalricxovan formaTa da
maTSi warmoqmnili urTierTobebis mxolod nawilia. fsiqoanalizi imiT gamoirCeva, rom igi
gadatanas aqtiurad iyenebs da eyrdnoba mas rogorc cvlilebebis mamoZravebel Zalas:
fsiqoTerapevtis myudro kabinetSi pacientis taxtze wola, xSiri Sexvedrebis reJimi (kviraSi 4-5
Sexvedra), uzrdis pacients am urTierTobis emociur muxts. dabolos, is faqti, rom pacienti
emociurad ejaWveba Tavis analitikoss, romelsac, rogorc adamians, faqtobrivad arcki icnobs,
metyvelebs imaze, rom pacientis emociuri reaqciebi mTlianad misive nevrotuli konfliqtebiT
aris nasazrdoebi. xatovnad rom iTqvas, analitikosi sarke an sufTa ekrania, razec individi
Tavisi survilebis Tu SfoTvebis proeqcias axdens. sxvadasxva dros pacienti analitikosSi
SeiZleba xedavdes damsjel mamas, momTxovn dedas, macdunebel sayvarelsa da a. S. es emociuri
mijaWvulobebi unda gaanalizdes anu „gadaixarSos“, „gadamuSavdes“, raTa mkurnalobam Sedegi

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pirovnebis fsiqologia
gamoiRos. transferis „gadamuSavebisas“ pacients adreuli urTierTobebis xelaxla gancdis da
metad damakmayofilebeli Sedegis/gamosavlis miRebis Sansi eZleva (Фрейд, З., 1995).
gadatanis provocireba xSirad iwvevs gadatanis nevrozs. swored aseT dros mTeli ZaliT
gaaTamaSebs pacienti Tavis Zvel konfliqtebs. analitikosTan urTierTobebSi pacienti warsulidan
gamoyolili survilebiTa da mSfoTvare gancdebiT Semodis. xolo mizans imaSi ki ar xedavs, rom
gamojanmrTeldes, aramed imaSi, rom miiRos fsiqoanalitikosisagan is, rac daaklda da ris
gareSec uwevda yofna bavSvobaSi. mag., nacvlad imisa, rom surdes sxvebisagan ufro damoukidebeli
gaxdes, aiZulebs analitikoss sxvaze damokidebulebis misi moTxovnileba daukmayofilos.
Tavdapirveli bavSvobisdroindeli konfliqtebis cvlileba xdeba maSin, rodesac pacienti
inteleqtualur da emociur doneze Tavisi konfliqtis raobas xvdeba da amJamad Tavi ufro
Tavisufali hgonia saimisod, rom daikmayofilos sakuTari ltolvebi produqtiulad,
ukonfliqtod, radgan axla igi sakuTar Tavs da samyaros, gare sinamdviles axleburad xedavs.
Tu warsulSi SfoTva da danaSaulis grZnoba xels uSlida pirovnebis ganviTarebas,
analitikuri situacia saSualebas aZlevs mas Zvel konfliqtebze reagireba axleburad moaxdinos.
ratom iqneba am jerze reaqcia sxvagvari? ZiriTadad sami fsiqoTerapiuli faqtoris wyalobiT:
1. analizis dros konfliqti aRar aris iseTi intensiuri, rogoric is amosaval situaciaSi iyo;
2. analitikosi ar eqceva pacients ise, rogorc mas mSoblebi eqceodnen;
3. analizis momentisTvis pacienti gaizarda da amJamad ukve SeuZlia Tavisi me-s is mxareebi
gamoiyenos, romlebic sakmarisad ganuviTarda, rom Tavisi qcevis ganuviTarebel mxareebs moerios.
es sami faqtori safuZvelia imisa, rasac `makoregirebeli emociuri gamocdileba~ ewodeba.
fsiqoanalitikuri Terapiis da Teoriuli varaudiT, koreqcia xdeba Semdegi pirobebisa da
mizezebis gamo: xdeba Zvel konfliqtebSi Terapevtis SeRweva; pacients esmis, rom mas surs
moTxovnileba infantiluri xerxiT daikmayofilos; pacienti acnobierebs sakuTar potenciur
SesaZleblobebs, rom SeuZlia ufro `mowifuli~ xerxebiT daikmayofilos igi; acnobierebs
warsulSi gamjdar SfoTvebs da esmis, rom es Zveli SfoTvebi aranairad ar ukavSirdeba
amJamindel realobas. swored amitom pacientebi aRweven imas, rom SeuZliaT maqsimalurad
daikmayofilon instinqtebi (moTxovnilebebi), romlebsac zRvars mxolod realoba da sakuTari
moraluri Sexedulebebi daudebs.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom transferi, Cveulebriv, ar operirebs TvalsaCinod da pirdapir. ufro
mosalodnelia, rom Terapevtis mimarT pacientis emociebi Zalze natifi gzebiT vlindeba. am
SemTxvevaSic analitikosi Zalze mgrZnobiare da yuradRebiani unda iyos am SeumCneveli
gamoxatulebebis mimarT da mxolod marTebul, saTanado dros unda miawodos pacients maTi
interpretaciebi. aseve, man kontrtransferisganac anu pacientis mimarT emociuri reaqciisganac
unda daicvas Tavi. analitikoss unda SeeZlos obieqturobis SenarCuneba pacientis mxridan
Tayvancemis, Seqebis, gakritikebis, risxvisa da sxva emociebis gamoxatvis pirobebSi.
fsiqoanalitikuri swavlebisas mTavari moTxovnaa, rom momavalma analitikosma Tavad gaiaros
analizi. am piradi analizis mizani profesiul saqmianobaSi sakuTar gadauWreli konfliqtebis

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pirovnebis fsiqologia
Setanis albaTobis Semcirebis saSualebas warmoadgens. analitikosi sakmarisad distancirebuli
unda iyos pacientisgan, raTa SeZlos zedmiwevniT, yuradRebiTa da siRrmiseulad moaxdinos
pacientis iracionaluri da TviTdamangreveli qcevebis interpretacia (Nye, R. D., 2000).
cxadia, analitikosic adamiania da ara — zeadamiani. is Tavisi pacientebis mimarT sxvadasxva
emocias ganicdis. Tumca, mas unda esmodes am kontrtransferebis anu kontrgadatanebis buneba da,
froidis Tanaxmad, Tavs unda aridebdes maT farglebSi moqmedebas. froidi miiCnevda, rom
pacientisTvis emociuri pasuxis gacema damRupvelia analizis procesisTvis. dResdReobiT
arsebobs azrTa sxvadasxvaoba pacientebisTvis kontrgadatanis gamoxatvis aucileblobasa da
sargeblianobasTan dakavSirebiT. zogierTi tradiciul froidianul poziciaze dgas, magram zogs
miaCnia, rom emociuri reaqciebis gamoxatvas SesaZlo dadebiTi Sedegebic unda hqondes. magaliTad,
pacientis mimarT grZnobebis gamJRavnebam SeiZleba gazardos analitikuri Sexvedrebis siRrme da
gulwrfeloba, rac daexmareba pacients, ukeT dainaxos, Tu rogor epyroba igi sxvebs (Nye, R. D.,
2000).
Teoriis Sefaseba
fsiqoanalizis pirovnebis Teoriis Sefasebisas unda gvaxsovdes, rom is TavisTაvad
mravalkomponentiani, rTuli Teoriaa. mxedvelobaSi unda viqonioT is distancia, rac
fsiqoanalizs rogorc Teorias da fsiqoanalizs, rogorc Terapiul meTods Soris arsebobs.
udavoa, rom froidma didi wvlili Seitana fsiqologiaSi: daamkvidra iseTi axali teqnikebi,
rogoricaa Tavisufali asociaciebi, sizmrebis interpretacia, biZgi misca specialuri
sadiagnostiko testebis SemuSavebas da, rac mTavaria, fsiqoanalizma aRmoaCina da Seiswavla
aracnobieris axali fenomenebi. froidis mTeli namoRvawaris pirveli da mTavari Rirsebaa
dakvirvebebis simdidre, yuradReba qcevis ufaqizesi detalebisadmi. TviTon froidis, rogorc
mecnieris Rirseba imaSia, rom Tumca man amocanad daisaxa yovelismomcveli Teoriis Seqmna, mas
adamianis qcevis gamartiveba ar ucdia. piriqiT, adamianis qcevis sirTulis gaazrebidan warmoiqmna
Teoria, romelmac adamianis qcevis TiTqmis yvela aspeqti moicva.
Teoriis naklovanebebidan, Cveulebriv, aRniSnaven ors. es aris mecnieruli sizustis
nakleboba da meTodis arasrulyofileba. froidisTvis es kritikuli mosazrebebi cnobili iyo.
igi gulubryvilo mecnieri ar yofila, magram miaCnda, rom kvlevis sawyis etapebze mecnieri
iZulebulia aRweros fenomenebi da aseT dros uzustobebi gardauvalia. is, rom fsiqoanalizis
safuZvelze ufro advilia qcevis axsna-interpretacia, vidre winaswarmetyveleba _ am braldebasac
froidi eTanxmeboda. sakuTari Teoriis Camoyalibebisas froids ar miuRia daxmareba
fsiqologiisgan, rogorc samecniero disciplinisgan _ froidi ufro viwro samedicino wreSi
trialebda, magram misi mecnieruli ambiciebi gacilebiT didi iyo.
fsiqoanalizs akritikebdnen, agreTve, humanisturi frTis fsiqologebi da fsiqologiisa da
fsiqiatriisadmi egzistencialuri midgomis momxreebi. maTi azriT, warmodgena adamianze, rogorc
daZabulobis Semcirebaze orientirebul energetikul sistemaze, sruliad arasworia, rodesac
laparakia individis SemoqmedebiT miswrafebebze an pirovnebis TviTaqtualizaciaze. sayveduroben

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pirovnebis fsiqologia
imasac, rom fsiqoanalizi zedmetad uRrmavdeba individis SigniT moqmed Zalebs da ugulebelyofs
Zalebs, romlebic ojaxSi da ufro farTo sazogadoebaSi moqmedebs. sagulisxmoa feministuri
poziciidan froidis kritikac, radganac mas miaCnda, rom zogierTi pirovnuli niSani _
STabeWdilebianoba, sxvebze damokidebuleba, mgrZnobeloba, pativmoyvareoba, morCileba _ qaluri
orientaciis maCvenebelia da rom es Tvisebebi qalis xasiaTis biologiurad ganpirobebuli
nawilia. miuxedavad imisa, rom fsiqoanalizs daundoblad akritikeben feministebi, swored
fsiqoanalitikur mimarTulebas hyavda sxvebTan SedarebiT gacilebiT meti cnobili qali-
Teoretikosebi, rogorebic iyvnen ana froidi, helen doiCi, greta bibringi, margaret malesi, klara
tompsoni da frida from-raixmani.
fsiqodinamikuri midgomebis monaTesave mimdinareobebi
fsiqoanalizis istoriaSi moqmedebda skolebi da jgufebi, romlebsac erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavebuli, xSirad antagonisturi Sexedulebebi hqondaT. Tavisi profesiuli karieris
msvlelobaSi TviTon froidsac araerTxel gadausinjia fsiqoanalitikuri Teoriisa da Terapiis
zogierTi aspeqti. bevr sakiTxSi Tavis mimdevrebTan aSkara dapirispirebac hqonia. garkveuli
TvalsazrisiT, fsiqoanalizi hgavda religiur an politikur moZraobas: tradiciul mimdevrebs
WeSmarit morwmuneebad miiCnevdnen, xolo is, vinc fuZemdeblur principebs mtkiced ar misdevda,
moZraobidan iriyeboda. urTierTobaTa amgvari sistema Camoyalibda froidis sicocxleSive da misi
sikvdilis merec gagrZelda.
imisTvis, rom froidis fsiqoanalizs miekuTvnebodes, Terapevtma erTgulad unda gaiziaros
Semdegi cnebebi: seqsualuri da agresiuli instinqtebi, aracnobieri, ganviTarebis stadiebi.
analitikosebma, romelTa Sexedulebebs qvemoT ganvixilavT, eWvis qveS daayenes froidis Teoriis
ZiriTadi cnebebi da adamianis gagebas da mkurnalobas Taviseburad miudgnen.
adreuli periodis analitikosebs Soris, romlebmac kavSiri gawyvites froidTan da Tavisi
skolebi Seqmnes, iyvnen alfred adleri da karl iungi. ganxeTqilebis mizezi iyo is, rom isini ar
eTanxmebodnen froidis mier seqsualuri instinqtis fsiqikuri cxovrebis qvakuTxedad
gamocxadebas. maTi Teoriebi Cveni momdevno leqciis Temaa.
karen horni (1885-1952)
karen horni Seecada ganeviTarebina froidis fsiqoanalitikuri sistema da SeimuSava
fsiqoanalizis sakuTari mimarTuleba da swavlebis programa. misi da froidis Sexedulebebs
Soris mTavari winaaRmdegoba mdgomareobda imaSi, rom hornisTvis miuRebeli iyo biologiuri
Zalebis prioritetulobis idea kulturul gavlenebTan SedarebiT. `rodesac vacnobierebT
kulturuli garemoebebis udides rols nevrozebis warmoqmnaSi, biologiuri da fiziologiuri
faqtorebi, romlebic froids nevrozebis wyarod miaCnda, ukana planze ixevs~ _ am daskvnamde
germaniidan amerikaSi emigrirebuli karen horni Teoriuli mosazrebebis garda, empiriulma
dakvirvebam miiyvana. evropeli da amerikeli pacientebi pirovnuli struqturiT mniSvnelovnad
gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisagan, rac, misi varaudiT, kulturaTa Soris gansxvavebis Sedegi iyo.

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sabolood, igi mivida daskvnamde, rom pirovnebaTa Soris urTierTobebs centraluri adgili
ukavia nebismieri _ janmrTeli Tu nevrotuli – pirovnebis cxovrebaSi.
oidiposis kompleqss horni ukavSirebs ara seqsulaur-agresiul konfliqts mSobelsa da
Svils Soris, aramed SfoTvas, romelic Cndeba bavSvis dedasa da mamasTan urTierTobebs Soris
bazisur darRvevebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoricaa uaryofa, hiperproteqcia, dasja. agresia, froidis
Sexedulebisagan gansxvavebiT, ar aris Tandayolili, aramed sakuTari usafrTxoebis dacvis
saSualebas warmoadgens. narcisizmi sinamdvileSi Tavis TavSi Seyvarebuloba ki ar aris, aramed
essaa TviTgandideba da zemaRali TviTSefaseba, romlebic safrTxis SegrZnebasTan dakavSirebiT
Cndeba.
nevrotuli pirovnebis funqcionirebaSi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas karen horni aniWebda
imas, Tu rogor cdilobs individi daZlios sabazo SfoTva _ grZnoba, romelsac ganicdis bavSvi,
rodesac is potenciurad saSiS samyaroSi aRmoCnda izolirebuli da umweo. nevrozebis misi
Teoriis Tanaxmad, nevrotuli pirovneba sabazo SfoTvaze reagirebis sam xerxs Soris konfliqts
ganicdis. es sami varianti, anu nevrotuli tendenciebi, cnobilia rogorc moZraoba raRacisaken,
moZraoba raRacis winaaRmdeg da moZraoba raRacisagan.
samive tendenciisTvis damaxasiaTebelia sixiste da individualuri potencialis sruli
realizebis SeuZlebloba, rac yvela nevrozis arsia. `moZraobisas raRacisken~ adamiani cdilobs
daZlios SfoTva akviatebuli miswrafebiT, rom adamianebma igi miiRon, moiwonon, raTa man Tavi
saWiro adamianad igrZnos. aseTi adamianebi Tavganwirvisadmi arian midrekilni. `moZraobisas
raRacis winaaRmdeg~ adamiani gadawyvets, rom mis garSemo yvela mteria da cxovreba sxvebTan
brZolaa. mTeli misi qceva mimarTulia imis demonstrirebaze, rom mas aravin sWirdeba da igi
medgaria. `moZraobisas raRacisagan~ _ adamiani realobas zurgs aqcevs, iketeba, cdilobs ar
CaerTos emociur urTierTobebSi. Tumca yoveli nevrotiki misi pirovnebisaTvis specifikur ama Tu
im tendencias avlens, problema imaSia, rom sabaziso SfoTvis daZlevis am sam tendencias Soris
garduvali konfliqtia. hornis Tanaxmad, janmrTel adamians ZaluZs am sam orientacias Soris
konfliqtis daZleva maTi integrirebis gziT, radgan isini urTierTgamomricxavni ar arian.
nevrotiki ki ufro Zlieri sabazo SfoTvis gamo iZulebulia mimarTos iracionalur, arabunebriv
xerxebs: (1) is acnobierebs mxolod erT-erT tendencias da uaryofs an gandevnis danarCenebs; an (2)
qmnis me-s idealizirebul xats, romelSic winaaRmdegobrivi tendenciebi gamqralia, sinamdvileSi
ki es ase ar aris. idealizirebuli me-s arajansaR Sedegebad hornis miaCnda, magaliTad, didebis
mopovebis survili, avadmyofuri damokidebuloba sxvebze, TviTdaknineba. konfliqtis daZlevis
kidev erTi nevrotuli xerxia (3) Sinagani konfliqtebis eqsternalozacia. Sedegad, adamiani
ambobs: “me ki ar msurs sxvebis eqspluatacai, aramed sxvebs undaT gamiwion eqspluatacia”. amgvari
xerxi warmoSobs konfliqts adamiansa da gare samyaros Soris.
es konfliqtebi ar aris garduvali da daZlevadia, Tu bavSvi Tavis ojaxSi grZnobs
usafrTxoebas, ndobas, siyvaruls, pativiscemas, Semwynareblobas da siTbos. konfliqti –

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socialuri pirobebis Sedegia da ara _ adamianis bunebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli movlena, rogorc
amas miiCnevdnen froidi da iungi.
sagulisxmoa karen hornis naSromi `qalis fsiqologia~. horni Tavidanve Znelad egueboda
qalis fsiqologiis Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb froidis `patriarqalur~ Sexedulebebs, rom
qalebisTvis imTaviTve Cveulia xasiaTis sisuste, morCilebisadmi da mazoxisturi
urTierTobebisadmi midrekileba. horni ar eTanxmeba am Sexedulebas da zogadad uaryofs froidis
biologiur determinizms socialuri, pirovnebaTaSorisi midgomis sasargeblod. SesaZloa, amitom
igi ufro optimisturad uyurebs adamianis cvlilebisa da TviTrealizaciis unars.
axali mimarTulebebi tradiciuli fsiqoanalizis CarCoebSi
froididan moyolebuli dRemde, fsiqoanalizis ganviTareba klinikur kvlevebs anu
individualuri SemTxvevebis analizs efuZneboda. mniSvnelovani nabiji gadaidga maSin, rodesac
fsiqoanalizi gavrcelda im asakobriv jgufebze, romelsac froidi da misi mimdevrebi iSviaTad
hkidebdnen xels, anu es iyo bavSvebi. situacia mniSvnelovnad Seicvala ana froidisa da melani
klainis wyalobiT, romlebmac fsiqoanalitikuri koncefciebi bavSvTa mkurnalobaSi gamoiyenes.
dResac bavSvTa da mozardTa fsiqoTerapia aSS-sa da inglisSi fsiqoanalitikur koncefcias
emyareba.
imis garda, rom klinikurma praqtikam moicva bavSvebi, fsiqoanalizs sul ufro xSirad
uwevda klientebis imgvar problemebze muSaoba, romlebic gansxvavdebodnen im problemebisgan,
rasac froidTan misuli klientebi uCiodnen. erT-erTi analitikosis azriT, dRevandeli
pacientebi sul sxva socialur da kulturul konteqstSi cxovroben, vidre froidis epoqa iyo,
da, Sesabamisad, maTi problemebic gansxvavebulia: isini akiTxaven fsiqoanalitikoss ara mxolod
`tipuri nevrozebiT~, aramed iTxoven gankurnebas depresiisagan, dacarielebulobis gancdisa da
cxovrebis xalisis dakargvis gamo. klientTa problemebis amgvari cvlileba moiTxovs axlebul
Teoriul gaazrebas, da es xdeba ara imitom, rom froidis Teoria da meTodi `ar varga~, aramed
imitom, rom amJamad sxva klinikuri problemebia gasaanalizebeli da gadasaWreli.
obieqt-mimarTebis Teoria
pacientTa Soris TviTgamorkvevasa da TviTpativiscemasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis
moWarbebam ubiZga analitikosebs dainteresebuliyvnen, Tu rogor iZens bavSvi adreul asakSi me-s
gancdas da Semdeg ukve misi mTlianobis SenarCunebas cdilobs. am problemebze momuSave
analitikosebi obieqt-mimarTebis Terapevtebad arian miCneulni. sityva obieqti aq adamianebs
ganekuTvneba da ara fizikur sagnebs. aq saqme exeba imas, rom warsulSi mniSvnelovan adamianebTan
urTierTobis gamocdileba aisaxeba me-Si, xolo Semdeg adamianebTan awmyo damokidebulebebs
gansazRvravs. xazgasmiT aRiniSneba, rom adamianisTvis gacilebiT ufro damaxasiaTebelia
pirovnebaTaSorisi urTierTobebis damyarebisadmi swrafva, vidre seqsualuri da agresiuli
instinqtebis dakmayofileba.

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 narcisizmi da narcistuli pirovneba
me-s gancdis darRvevebisadmi interesis gamo fsiqoanalizSi wamoyenebulia `narcisizmis~ da
~narcistuli pirovnebis~ cnebebi. am sferoSi momuSave yvelaze metad cnobili figurebia hainc
kohuti da oto kenbergi. me-s jansaRi grZnobis da jansaRi narcisizmis Camoyalibebis SemTxvevaSi
individi iZens sakuTari me-s mkafio gancdas, misTvis damakmayofilebel da sakmaod stabilur
TviTSefasebas, amayobs sakuTari miRwevebiT da, amasTanave, acnobierebs sxva adamianTa
moTxovnilebebs da angariSs uwevs maT. xolo narcistuli pirovnebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia
darRvevebi me-s gancdaSi, myife TviTSefaseba, moTxovnileba, rom sxvebi misiT iyvnen aRtacemulni,
da amasTanave, sxva adamianTa grZnobebisa da moTxovnilebebisadmi empaTiis ararseboba.
narcistuli pirovnebisaTvis arc Tu iSviaTad, damaxasiaTebelia sakuTari usargeblobis da
uniaTobis (sircxvilisa da damcirebis) intensiuri gancdebi da, amasTanave, sakuTari
grandiozulobis gancda da sakuTari udidesi warmatebebis warmosaxva. xSirad amgvari adamiani
miiCnevs, rom sxvebi mis winaSe davalebulebi arian, rom is aRtacebas imsaxurebs, rom igi
erTaderTi da ganumeorebelia. narcistul pirovnebas SeuZlia axloblebis, iseve, rogorc
sakuTari Tavis idealizeba, magram, sazogadod, adamianebisadmi pativiscemiT ar gamoirCevian _
ufro piriqiT.
emociuri mijaWvulobis Teoria da zrdasrulTa piradi urTierTobebi
am TeoriaSi muSavdeba Semdegi problema: pirovnebis ganviTarebaze adreuli gamocdilebis
gavlena da pirovnebis Semdgom funqcionirebasTan maTi kavSiri.
Teoria ZiriTadad emyareba britaneli fsiqoanalitikosis jon boulbis Sromebsa da
ganviTarebis fsiqologiis specialistis meri einsuorTis empiriul monacemebs. boulbi
dainteresda im gavleniT, rasac axdens mSoblebTan bavSvebis adreuli ganSoreba bavSvis
pirovnebis ganviTarebaze. es seriozuli problema iyo inglisSi II msoflio omis dros, sadac
asobiT bavSvi daaciles mSoblebs da gaxiznes soflebSi, raTa isini qalaqebis saaviacio
dabombvebisagan daefaraT.
boulbis Teoriis Tanaxmad, ganviTarebis procesSi bavSvi gadis masze mzrunvelis,
Cveulebriv, dedisadmi mijaWvulobis ganviTarebis fazebis serias, da agreTve iyenebs mzrunvels
rogorc `usafrTxoebis bazas~ garesamyaros sakvlevad da sakuTari avtonomizaciisaTvis.
mijaWvulobis qceviTi sistema (mqs) ganixileba, rogorc Sinagani programa, Cveni evoluciuri
memkvidreobis nawili, romelic adaptaciisTvis didi Rirebulobis mqonea. igi uzrunvelyofs
rogorc dedasTan mWidro kontaqtis SenarCunebas, aseve garemos gamokvlevas am usafrTxo
poziciidan.
mqs-s ganviTarebis Semdgom fazaze bavSvi iqmnis Sinagan operatiul modelebs anu sakuTari
Tavisa da masze mTavari mzrunveli pirebis fsiqologiur xatebs. adreuli bavSvobis
urTierTobebis gamocdilebaze damyarebuli es modelebi adamianebTan Semdgom
urTierTqmedebasTan dakavSirebul molodinebs ayalibebs.

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 metad sagulisxmoa procedura, romelic SeimuSava meri ensourTma da rasac `ucnauri
situacia~ uwoda. es aris sistematuri dakvirveba imaze, Tu rogor reagirebs bavSvi an mzrunvelis
wasvlaze (masTan daSorebaze) anda dabrunebaze (masTan SeerTebaze). am dakvirvebis mixedviT
bavSvebi mijaWvulobis sam kategoriad iyofa. Tavdajerebuli (bavSvebis 70%), mSfoTvare-Tavis
amridebeli _ bavSvebis 20% da mSfoTvare ambivalenturi bavSvebi (10%). martivad rom vTqvaT,
Tavdajerebuli bavSvebi mgrZnobiareni arian dedis wasvlisadmi, magram uxariaT misi dabruneba,
dedis wasvlas advilad eguebian da amis mere SeuZliaT TamaSi gaagrZelon. amis sapirispirod,
mSfoTvare _ Tavis amridebeli bavSvebi dedasTan ganSorebas didad ar aprotesteben, magram
dabrunebul dedas gaurbian _ zurgs aqceven an masTan ar Cerdebian. dabolos, mSfoTvare-
ambivalentur bavSvebs uWirT orive situaciaSi _ dedasTan ganSorebisas da dedasTan Seyrisas.
rac gansakuTarebiT sagulisxmoa maT qcevaSi _ es aris moTxovnilebis ucnauri nazavi _ aiyvanon
xelSi da iqve iatakze daabrunon mas Semdeg, rac pirveli moTxovnileba dakmayofildeba.
kvlevam aCvena, rom mijaWvulobis tipi gavlenas axdens pirovnebaTa Soris urTierTobebze
didobaSi. kerZod, mijaWvulobis Tavdajerebuli stili ukavSirdeba bednierebis, megobrobis,
ndobis gancdebs: Tavis aridebis stili _ siaxlovis SiSs, emociur aRma-daRma svlebs da
eWvianobas; xolo mSfoTvare-ambivalenturi stili _ emociur ukiduresobebs, undoblobasa da
eWvianobas. mijaWvulobis tipi gavlenas axdens agreTve TviTSefasebaze, xolo TviTSefaseba, Tavis
mxriv, didwilad gansazRvravs sxvadasxva sferoebSi adamianis warmatebas. mijaWvulobis stili
kavSirSi aRmoCnda partnioris arCevasTan da sasiyvarulo urTierTobis stabilurobasTan,
depresiis ganviTarebasTan da imasTanac, Tu rogor umklavdeba individi kriziss.
gamokvlevebidan ikveTeba azri, rom es stili genetikuri faqtorebiT ar aris gansazRvruli,
aramed ojaxSi gamefebuli atmosferos Sedegia.

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