TRAFFIC
ENGINEERING
What is TRAFFIC ENGINEERING?
TRAFFIC ENGINEERING is a branch of
civil engineering that uses engineering
techniques to achieve the safe and
efficient movement of people and
goods. It addresses the planning, design
and operation of roads, railway tracks,
bridges, streets and highways, their
networks, adjacent land uses and
interaction with other modes of
transportation and their terminals, and
other traffic structures like traffic signs
and traffic lights.
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The Traffic Control Devices
- Traffic Signs
- Traffic Signals
- Road Markings
TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES
Traffic Control Devices include street
signs, traffic signals, and road markings.
These signs, signals, and stripes guide
drivers in navigation and control of
their vehicles. Each traffic control
device is governed by standards of
design and usage; for example, stop
signs always have a red background
and are octagonal in shape.
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Classification of Traffic Control Devices
1. The TRAFFIC SIGNS – they provide REGULATORY SIGNS
local information to drivers. It is made
from reflective material in high- WARNING SIGNS
contrast colors, they are highly visible
in headlights at night. Signs may use INFORMATIVE SIGNS
words and symbols to communicate
meaning. The shape of a traffic sign EXPRESSWAYS SIGNS
communicates important information
about the sign’s message as well. INSTURUCTIONAL SIGNS
HAZARD SIGNS
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TRAFFIC SIGNS
PEDESTRIAN SIGNS
RIGHT OF WAY SERIES
1. REGULATORY SIGNS
These signs require the driver to obey SPEED SERIES
the signs for the safety of other road
users. These signs are also called MOVEMENT/DIRECTIONAL SERIES
MANDATORY SIGNS because they
inform users of a law, and drivers must STOP SIGNS & PARK SIGNS
obey these signs.
PROHIBITIVE/RESTRICTIVE SIGNS
MISCELLANEOUS SIGNS
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1. REGULATORY SIGNS
A. RIGHT OF WAY SERIES
This includes two unique signs that assign the right of way to the selected
approaches of an intersection. They are the STOP sign and GIVE WAY sign. These
are also known as PRIORITY SIGNS.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
1. REGULATORY SIGNS
B. SPEED SERIES
This used to limit the speed of the vehicle on the road.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
1. REGULATORY SIGNS
C. MOVEMENT/DIRECTIONAL SERIES
It contains a number of signs that affect specific vehicle maneuvers.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
1. REGULATORY SIGNS
D. STOPPING SIGNS & PARKING SIGNS
It includes parking signs which indicate not only parking prohibitions or
restrictions, but also indicate places where parking is permitted, the type of
vehicle to be parked, duration for parking etc.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
1. REGULATORY SIGNS
E. PROHIBITIVE/RESTRICTIVE SIGNS
It indicates no entry for either all vehicles or specific
traffic units. It also indicates movements that are not
allowed on the particular segment of the road.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
1. REGULATORY SIGNS
F. PEDESTRIAN SERIES
It includes both legend and symbol signs. These signs are meant for the safety of
pedestrians and include signs indicating pedestrian only roads, pedestrian
crossing sites etc.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
1. REGULATORY SIGNS
G. MISCELLANEOUS SIGNS
It indicates road closures, signs restricting vehicles carrying hazardous cargo or
substances, signs indicating vehicle weight, and height limitations etc.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
TRAFFIC SIGNS
HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT SIGNS
2. WARNING SIGNS
These signs are for safety and inform ROAD WIDTH SIGNS
users of hazards. It is also known as
CAUTIONARY SIGNS that give ROAD OBSTACLES SIGNS
information to the driver about the
impending road condition. OTHER WARNING SIGNS
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2. WARNING SIGNS
A. HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT SIGNS
It indicates approaching curve road structures.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
2. WARNING SIGNS
B. ROAD WIDTH SIGNS
It indicates approaching road width structures.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
2. WARNING SIGNS
C. ROAD OBSTACLE SIGNS
It indicates approaching road having obstacles.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
2. WARNING SIGNS
D. OTHER WARNING SIGNS
This focuses on low clearance signs which are installed on structures where the
vertical above the road pavement is 4.4 m. or less to warn motorists of the
restricted height of the approaching structures.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
TRAFFIC SIGNS
3. INFORMATIVE SIGNS
ROUTE MARKERS
These signs provide information to the
driver about the facilities available DESTINATION SIGNS
ahead, and the route and distance to
reach the specific destinations. These
SERVICE GUIDE SIGNS
are also called GUIDE SIGNS, they are
provided to assist the drivers to reach
their desired destinations. TOURIST INFORMATION SIGNS
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3. INFORMATIVE SIGNS
A. ROUTE MARKERS
These are used to identify numbered highways. They have designs that are
distinctive and unique. They are written black letters.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
3. INFORMATIVE SIGNS
B. DESTINATION SIGNS
These are used to indicate the direction to the critical destination points, and to
mark important intersections. Distances in kilometers are sometimes marked to
the right side of the destination.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
3. INFORMATIVE SIGNS
C. SERVICE GUIDE SIGNS
They give information to the
driver regarding various
services such as food, fuel,
medical assistance etc. They
are written with white letters
on a blue background.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
3. INFORMATIVE SIGNS
D. TOURIST INFORMATION SIGNS
These are used to indicate information and directions for tourists. They are
written on white letters with a brown background.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
TRAFFIC SIGNS
EXPRESSWAY APPROACH SIGNS
4. EXPRESSWAYS SIGNS EXPRESSWAY INFORMATION SIGNS
These signs are important for the driver
ADVANCE EXIT SIGNS
to have an advanced information to
ensure that they can position their EXPRESSWAY EXIT DIRECTION SIGNS
vehicles in the correct lanes while
driving on an expressway.
EXPRESSWAY SERVICE SIGNS
EXPRESSWAY INSTRUCTIONS &
REGULATORY SIGNS
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4. EXPRESSWAY SIGNS
A. EXPRESSWAY APPROACH SIGNS
These are signs installed in advance or at the nearest intersection or interchange
leading to the expressway.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
4. EXPRESSWAY SIGNS
B. EXPRESSWAY INFORMATION SIGNS
This includes lane direction, toll charges, and prohibited on expressways signs.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
4. EXPRESSWAY SIGNS
C. ADVANCE EXIT SIGNS
These are signs placed in advance of an exit.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
4. EXPRESSWAY SIGNS
D. EXPRESSWAY EXIT DIRECTION SIGNS
These are signs posted overhead before the exit ramp of the interchange
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
4. EXPRESSWAY SIGNS
E. EXPRESSWAY SERVICE SIGNS
These signs include advance information for service center, truck parking
services and other services or facilities of the expressway.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
4. EXPRESSWAY SIGNS
F. EXPRESSWAY INSTRUCTIONS & REGULATORY SIGNS
These special signs are normally seen exclusively for expressways.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
TRAFFIC SIGNS
1-WAY HAZARD MARKER
5. HAZARD MARKERS
2-WAY HAZARD MARKER
These are used to emphasize to the
approaching driver a marked change in
the direction of travel and the presence WIDTH MARKER
of an obstruction.
OBSTRUCTION MARKERS
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5. HAZARD MARKERS
A. ONE-WAY HAZARD MARKER
It indicates to the approaching driver the only direction allowed at the end of
the road.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
5. HAZARD MARKERS
B. TWO-WAY HAZARD MARKER
It warns the driver ahead that the road is about to change direction.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
5. HAZARD MARKERS
C. WIDTH MARKER
It warns the driver about narrowing width clearance.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
5. HAZARD MARKERS
D. OBSTRUCTION MARKERS
It warns the driver about road closure ahead.
TRAFFIC SIGNS emerjhon d. hernandez criminology files
