EE 363 Formula Sheet

Universal Constants: Spherical Coordinates (R, θ, φ)

1 √ 1
c = 3 × 108 m/s, µ0 = 4π × 10−7 H/m, 0 = 36π
× 10−9 F/m, c = 0 µ0
∂V ∂V 1 ∂V
∇V =aR
+ aθ + aφ
∂R R∂θ R sin(θ) ∂φ
Useful Vector Identities
1 ∂ 1 ∂ 1 ∂Aφ
A·B×C=B·C×A=C·A×B ∇·A= 2 (R2 AR ) + (Aθ sin θ) +
R ∂R R sin θ ∂θ R sin θ ∂φ
A × (B × C) = B(A · C) − C(A · B)
aR aθ R aφ R sin θ
∇(ψV ) = ψ∇V + V ∇ψ 1 ∂ ∂ ∂
∇×A= ∂R ∂θ ∂φ
∇ · (ψA) = ψ∇ · A + A · ∇ψ R2 sin θ
AR RAθ (R sin θ)Aφ
∇ × (ψA) = ψ∇ × A + ∇ψ × A 1 h ∂ ∂Aθ i
=aR (Aφ sin θ) −
∇ · (A × B) = B · (∇ × A) − A · (∇ × B) R sin θ ∂θ ∂φ
∇ · ∇V = ∇2 A 1 h 1 ∂AR ∂ i
+ aθ − (RAφ )
R sin θ ∂φ ∂R
∇ × ∇ × A = ∇(∇ · A) − ∇2 A
1h ∂ ∂AR i
∇ × ∇V = 0 + aφ (RAθ ) −
R ∂R ∂θ
∇ · (∇ × A) = 0 1 ∂  2 ∂V  1 ∂  ∂V  1 ∂2V
2
Z I ∇ V = 2 R + 2 sin θ + 2 2
∇ · Adv = A · ds R ∂R ∂R R sin θ ∂θ ∂θ R sin θ ∂φ2
V
IS
dv = R2 sin θdRdθdφ
Z
Differential volume: dv = dxdydz dv = rdrdφdz
(∇ × A) · ds = A · dl
S C
I
ρ Q
Gradient, Divergence, Curl and Laplacian ∇·E= E · ds =
Electrostatics in Free Space 0 S 0
Cartesian Coordinates (x, y, z) I
∂V ∂V ∂V ∇ × E =0 E · dl = 0
∇V =ax + ay + az C
∂x ∂y ∂z Z Z Z
1 ρ 1 ρ 0
∂Ax ∂Ay ∂Az E= aR dv 0 E = −∇V V = dv V =− E · dl
∇·A= + + 4π0 V0 R2 4π0 V0 R
∂x ∂y ∂z
ax ay az Z Z Z
∇×A= ∂ ∂ ∂ 1 1 1
∂x ∂y ∂z We = ρV dv = D · Edv = E 2 dv
Ax Ay Az 2 V0 2 V0 2 V0
 ∂A ∂Ay   ∂A ∂Az   ∂A ∂Ax  1 1 Q2
=ax
z
− + ay
x
− + az
y
− Q = CV We = CV 2 = QV =
∂y ∂z ∂z ∂x ∂x ∂y 2 2 2C
FQ = −∇We dW = −dWe = FQ · dl FV = ∇We
∂2V ∂2V ∂2V
∇2 V = + +
∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂z 2
Cylindrical Coordinates (r, φ, z) Solution of Electrostatic Problems
∂V ∂V ∂V Poisson’s Equation ρ
∇V =ar + aφ + az ∇2 V = −
∂r r∂φ ∂z 
2
1 ∂ ∂Aφ ∂Az di = ad (Location of the image line charge to replace a line
∇·A= (rAr ) + + Method of images charge at a distance ”d” from the axis of a parallel, conducting,
r ∂r r∂φ ∂z
circular cylinder of radius a where d > a)
ar aφ r az
1 ∂ ∂ ∂
∇×A= ∂r ∂φ ∂z
r
Ar rAφ Az ρl
a
 ∂A
z ∂A  φ
 ∂A
r ∂Az  1 ∂ ∂Ar  c2 = a2 + b2
=ar − + aφ − + az (rAφ ) −
r∂φ ∂z ∂z ∂r r ∂r ∂φ
b
1 ∂  ∂V  1 ∂2V ∂2V
∇2 V = r + 2 +
r ∂r ∂r r ∂φ2 ∂z 2 c
BV problems
Laplace’s Equation ∇2 V = 0 Λ
Z
µ0
I I
dl1 · dl2
L= Λ = NΦ = N B · ds L12 =
I S 4π C1 C2 R
Z Z
Cartesian 1 2 1 1
kx2 + ky2 + kz2 = 0 Wm = LI Wm = A · Jdv 0 Wm = H · Bdv 0
2 2 V0 2 V0
kx2 kx X(x) Exp form
0 0 A0 x + B 0 Force and torque
Soln of X 00 (x) + kx2 X(x) =0
+ k A1 sin(kx) + B1 cos(kx) C1 ejkx + D1 e−jkx
dl1 × (dl2 × aR21 )
I I I
µ0
- jk A2 sinh(kx) + B2 cosh(kx) C2 ekx + D2 e−kx Fm = I dl × B T=m×B F12 = I1 I2 2
Cylindrical C 4π C1 C2 R21
0 0 ∂2V FΦ = −∇Wm FI = ∇Wm = I1 I2 (∇L12 )
Vn (r, φ) = rn (An sin nφ + Bn cos nφ) + r−n (An sin nφ + Bn cos nφ), n 6= 0, for ∂z 2
=0

Spherical Time Varying Fields

∂2V
Vn (R, θ) = [An Rn + Bn R−(n+1) ]Pn (cos θ), for
I Z I
=0 dΦ ∂B ∂ρ
∂φ2 V=− = E0 · dl = − · ds + (u × B) · dl ∇·J=−
n Pn (cos θ) dt C S ∂t C ∂t
0 1
I
Legendre Polynomials 1 cos θ ∂B dΦ
1 ∇×E=− E · dl = −
2 2
(3 cos2 θ − 1) ∂t C dt
1 3 θ − 3 cos θ)
3 2
(5 cos ∂D
I Z
∂D
∇ × H =J + H · dl = I + · ds
Steady Electric Currents Maxwell’s Equations ∂t C S ∂t
Z Z I
J = N qu = ρu J = σE I= J · ds ∇·J=0 P = E · Jdv 0 ∇ · D =ρ D · ds = Q
S V0 IS
∇ · B =0 B · ds = 0
Steady Magnetic Fields S
Potential Functions
Z
µ0 J 0
F = q(E + u × B) B=∇×A ∇·A=0 ∇2 A = −µ0 J A= dv
4π V0 R ∂A
 0  B=∇×A E = −∇V −
µ0 I dl × aR
I I
∂t
B= dB = 2
C0 C0 4π R ∂V ∂2A ∂2V ρ
∇ · A + µ =0 ∇2 A − µ 2 = −µJ ∇2 V − µ =−
Magnetostatics in Free Space ∂t ∂t ∂t2 
ρ(t − R/u) 0 J(t − R/u) 0
Z Z
I 1 µ
∇ · B =0 B · ds = 0 V (R, t) = dv A(R, t) = dv
S 4π V 0 R 4π V0 R
I Source Free:
∇ × B =µ0 J B · dl = µ0 I 1 ∂2E 1 ∂2H
C ∇2 E − 2 =0 ∇2 H − 2 =0
u ∂t2 u ∂t2
Magnetic Dipole Moment
m = an IS ρ
Time-harmonic EM ∇ × E = − jωµH ∇·E=

µ0
Z
Jm 0 µ0
I
Jms 0 ∇ × H =J + jωE = jωc E ∇·H=0
A= dv + ds Jm = ∇ × M Jms = M × an √ ω σ
4π V 0 R 4π S 0 R k = ω µ = c =  − j
I Z u ω
1 ρms 0 1 ρm 0
Vm = ds + dv ρms = M · an ρm = −∇ · M −ρ
4π S 0 R 4π V 0 R ∇2 V + k 2 V = ∇2 A + k2 A = −µJ

Z Z
1 ρ exp (−jkR) 0 µ J exp (−jkR) 0
B V (R) = dv A(R) = dv
H= −M B = µ0 (1 + χm )H = µ0 µr H 4π V0 R 4π V0 R
µ0 σ
tan δc ∼
=
ω