System and Application

Software
System Software
System Software
• Works with end users, application programs and computer hardware to handle
many details relating to computer operations.
• Not a single program but a collection or system of programs, these programs
handle hundreds of technical details with little or no user intervention.
Four kinds of Systems Programs
 Operating Systems – coordinate resources, provide an interface
between users and the computer, and run programs.
 Utilities – perform specific tasks related to managing computer
resources.
 Device drivers – allow particular input or output devices to
communicate with the rest of the computer system.
 Language translators – convert programming instructions written by
programmers into a language that computers can understand and
process.
Operating Systems
 Operating System (software environments, platforms) handle
technical details.
Functions
 Managing resources
 Providing User Interface (GUI)
 Running Applications
Multitasking allow switching between different applications
stored in memory; current programs run in foreground; other
program run in background.
Features
 Booting starts (cold) or restart (warm) a computer system. The desktop
provides access to computer resources. Common features include:
 Icons
 Pointer
 Windows
 Menus
 Tabs
 Dialog boxes and
 Help
Data and programs are stored in a system of files and folders
Categories of OS
• Embedded – used with handheld computers; operating system stored
within device.
• Network (NOS) – controls and coordinates networked computers;
located on the network server.
• Stand-alone (desktop) – controls a single computer; located on the
hard disk.
Operating systems are often called software environments or
platforms.
Remember:

• To effectively use computers

competent end users need to
understand the functionality of
system software, including
operating systems, utility
programs and device drivers.
 Desktop Operating System
• Windows

• Mac Os

• Unix and Linux

• Virtualization
 Windows
• The most widely used operating system , is designed to run with Intel
and Intel compatible microprocessors. There are numerous versions of
windows. Windows 10 is the most recent version of Windows. It
provides improved handwriting recognition; taskbar with previews,
large icons and personalization features and advanced search
capabilities.
 MAC OS
• An innovative, powerful, easy-to-use operating system, runs on
Macintosh computers. Recent versions provide Spotlight, an
advanced search tool, and Dashboard Widgets, a collection of
specialized programs. Some versions of MAC OS X come with Boot
Camp, which allows Macintosh computers to run both Mac OS and
Windows Operating Systems.
 UNIX and Linux
 UNIX was originally designed to run on minicomputers in network
environments. Now, it is used by powerful microcomputer and
servers on the Web. There are many different versions of UNIX. One
version, Linux, a popular and powerful alternative to the Windows
operating system, is open-source software. Google’s Chrome OS is
based on Linux and designed for netbooks and cloud computing.
 Virtualization
• Is a process that allows a single physical computer to support multiple
operating systems that operate independently. Virtualization
software creates virtual machines. Host operating systems run on
the physical machine. Guest operating systems operate on virtual
machines.
 Mobile Operating System
Mobile OS are embedded in every smartphone. These systems
are less complicated and more specialized for wireless
communication than desktop operating systems.
 Types of Mobile OS
• Symbian
Originated in Japan with Nokia, Sony and others. It controls more
smartphones world wide than any other mobile OS.

• Blackberry OS (RIM OS)

Originated in Canada. It was designed as the platform for
Blackberry handheld computers.
• iPhone OS - was developed by Apple to support iPhone, iPod Touch,
and iPad. It is one of the fastest growing mobile OS.
• Android - was originally developed by Android Inc. and later
purchased by Google. It is one of the fastest growing mobile OS.
• Windows Phone 7 – followed Windows CE and Windows Mobile. It is
designed for social networking and instant messaging.
Utilities
• Utilities make computing easier. The most essential are
troubleshooting (diagnostic), antivirus, uninstall, backup and file
compression.
Windows Utilities
• Windows operating systems are accompanied by several utility
programs, including Backup and Restore, Disk Cleanup and Disk
Defragmenters(eliminate unnecessary fragments; tracks are
concentric rings; sectors are wedge-shaped).
• Utility Suites –combine several programs into one package.
Computer viruses are dangerous programs.
Device Drivers
• Device drivers (drivers) allow communication between hardware
devices. Add a Device Wizard gives step-by-step guidance to install
printer drivers. Windows update automates the process of updating
device drivers.
Basic Computer
Application
 Application Software

There are two basic types of

software. System Software focuses on
handling technical details. Application
Software focuses on completing specific
tasks or applications. Two categories are
basic applications and specialized
applications.
 Common Features
You control and interact with a program using a user interface. A
graphical user interfaces (GUI) uses icons selected by a mouse-
controlled pointer. A window contains a document, program, or
message. Most software programs also have:
• Menus - present commands listed on the menu bar.
• Dialog box – provides additional information or requests user input.
• Toolbars – contain buttons for quick access to commonly used
commands.
 Microsoft Office 2010 uses an interface introduced with
Microsoft Office 2007 that includes.
• Ribbons – replace menus and toolbars.
• Tabs – divide ribbons into major activity areas organized into groups.
Contextual tabs automatically appear when needed.
• Galleries – displays graphic representations of alternatives.
Some applications support speech recognition allowing voice
input.
WORD PROCESSORS
Word Processors allow you to create, edit, save, and print text based
documents, including flyers, reports, newsletters, and Web Pages.
Features
Word wrap is a basic feature that automatically moves the insertion
point to the next line. Editing features include
 Thesaurus provides synonyms, antonyms, and related words
 Find and Replace locates (finds), removes, and insert (replaces)
another word(s).
 Spelling and grammar checkers – locate spelling and grammatical
problems.
Formatting features include
• Font – Design of characters. Font size is the height of characters.
• Character effects – include bold, italic, and colors.
• Styles – feature that quickly applies predefined formats.
• Bulleted and numbered lists – used to present sequences of topics or
steps.
SPREADSHEETS
Spreadsheet programs are used to organize, analyze, and graph
numeric data.
Features
Principal spreadsheet features include the following
 Workbook files– consist of one or more related worksheets.
 Worksheets –also known as spreadsheet or sheets , are rectangular
grids of rows and columns. Rows are identified by numbers, columns
by letters.
 Cells are formed by the intersection of a row and column; used to
hold text and numeric entries.
• Text Entries (labels) provide structure and numeric entries can be numbers
or formulas.
• Formulas are instructions for calculations.
• Functions are prewritten formulas
• Range is a series of cells
• Analytical graph (charts) represent data visually
• Recalculation occurs whenever a value changes in one cell that affects
another cell(s).
• What –if analysis is the process of observing the effects of changing one or
more values.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
A database is a collection of related data. A database
management system (DBMS), also known as a database manager,
structures a database and provides tools for manipulating data.
FEATURES
Principal database management system features include the following
• Relational database organizes data into related tables.
• Tables have rows (records) and columns (fields)
• Sort is a tool to rearrange records
• Filter is a tool to display only those records meeting specified
conditions
• Query is a question or request for specific data contained in a
database.
• Forms are used to enter and edit records
• Reports are printed output in a variety of forms.
PRESENTATION GRAPHICS
Presentation graphics combine a variety of
visual objects to create attractive, visually
interesting presentations. They are excellent tools
to communicate a message and to persuade
people.
FEATURES
Principal presentation graphics features include the following:
• Slides – individual pages or screens of a presentation.
• Design templates – professionally selected combination of color
schemes, slide layouts and special effects.
• Content templates – provide suggested content to each slide.
• Animation – adds action to text and graphics
• Transitions – animate moving from one slide to the next.
INTEGRATED PACKAGES
An Integrated package, also known ad personal or home software, is a
single program that provides the functionality of several application
packages.
Some important characteristics include:
• Functions that typically include word processing, spreadsheet, database
manager, and more. Each functions is not as extensive or powerful as a
single function application program.
• Less expensive than purchasing several individual application programs and
simple to use
• Popular with home users who are willing to sacrifice some advanced
features for cost and simplicity.
SOFTWARE SUITES
A software suite is a collection of individual application packages
sold together.
• Productivity suites (office software suites or office suites) contain
professional – grade application programs.
• Cloud suites (online office suites) are stored on servers and available
through the Internet.
• Specialized suites – focus on specific applications such as graphics.
• Utility suites – include a variety of programs designed to make
computing easier and safer.
Specialized Application
Software
GRAPHICS
• Professionals in graphic arts use specialized graphics programs
Desktop Publishing
• Desktop publishing programs (page layout programs) mix text and
graphics to create professionals
Image editors (photo editors) create and modify
bitmap (raster) image files. Images are recorded as
dots or pixels.
Illustration Programs, also known as drawing
programs, modify vector images (vector
illustrations). In a vector file, images are recorded as
a collection of objects such as lines, rectangles, and
ovals.
• Images galleries are libraries of electronics images,
widely available from the Web. Two types are stock
photographs and clip art.
• Graphics Suites – A graphic suite is a collection of
individual graphics program sold as a unit.
AUDIO AND VIDEO
Recent advances in video and audio technology allow individuals to
assemble near-professional quality video and audio footage. You can
create your own compilation movies .
Video Software - Video editing software allows you to reorganize, add
effects, and more to digital video. Apple iMovie and Windows Movie
Maker are commonly used video editing programs.
• Audio Software – Audio editing software allows you to create and edit
audio clips. You can add audio effects like filters, to your tracks. You can
filter out pops or scratches in an old recording. You can create MP3.
Apple Garage Band and Sony ACID are commonly used audio editing
programs.
Multimedia
• Multimedia integrates all sorts of media into one presentation. An
essential feature is user participation or interactivity.
• Links and Buttons. A multimedia presentation is organized as a series of
related pages. Pages are linked, or connected, by clicking buttons
• Multimedia Authoring Programs. Multimedia authoring programs bring
together video, audio, graphics and text elements in an interactive
framework.
Web Authoring
Blogs are personal Web sites. Creating Web sites is called Web
authoring . It begins with Web site design, followed by creating a
document file that displays the Web site content.
Web Site Design. Web sites are an interactive multimedia form of
communication.
Graphical maps use linked blocks to represent a Web site’s overall content.
Typically, blocks represent individual Web pages and links indicate relationships
between related pages.
The first Web page (home page) usually introduces the site and supplies
a table of contents. Multimedia elements are added to pages.
Animations are moving graphics. Flash is a widely used application for
Web animation.
Web Authoring Programs. Web sites can be created using a simple text
editor or word processor. Word authoring programs, also known as
Web Page editors or HTML editors, are specifically designed to create
Web sites. They provide support for Web site design and HTML coding.
Some offer WYSIWYG ( what you see is what you get) editors.
 Artificial Intelligence
• AI attempts to develop computer systems that mimic human senses,
thought processes and actions.
• Virtual Reality
• Virtual reality (VR, artificial reality, or virtual environments) creates a computer- generated
simulated environment using sensory equipment, including head gear and gloves.
• Applications include recreational and other areas such as aviation,
surgical operations, spaceship repair and nuclear disaster cleanup.
Some applications strive for immersive experiences and can be viewed
on virtual reality walls.
• Knowledge-Based (Expert) Systems are programs that duplicate the
knowledge that humans use to perform specific tasks. Knowledge bases
are databases containing facts and rules. Fuzzy logic allows users to
respond to questions in very humanlike way.
• Robotics. Robotics is concerned with developing and using robots.
Robots are computer controlled machines that mimic the motor
activities of living things. Four types of robots are perception system,
industrial, mobile and household.
 Cell Phone Apps
• Cell phone apps, also known as cell phone applications, are add-on
features that perform a variety of tasks not associated with typical cell
phone use. Introduction of smart phones and wireless Internet
connections have expanded cell phone capabilities and the number of
specialized apps.
 Apps. Some of the most widespread cell phone apps for text messaging. Internet
browsing, and connecting to social networks. Thousands of other specialized apps
are available.
 Apps Stores
 App stores are typically Web sites providing access to specific apps for a fee or free. The two best known
stores are Apple’s App Store and Android Market. Many app stores focus on apps for particular lines of cell
phone. Other less known stores provide apps for a variety of cell phones.
GOD BLESS US ALL…