First Quarter Long Test in Grade 10 Science

Directions: Read each statement/question carefully. Choose and write the BIG letter of the answer before the number.

1. Which of the following is to be considered as the epicenter of an earthquake?

a. the location along a fault where the first motion of an earthquake occurs
b. the point on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake’s focus
c. the last place that motion in an earthquake is detected
d. a seismic wave that travels along the surface of Earth
2. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely found in which locations?
a. plate boundaries b. in oceans c. in the middle of continents d. in the middle of plates 3. How many seismic
station/s is/are needed to find the location of an epicenter?
a. one b. two c. three d. four
4. If you were provided with data showing the arrival time of the P and S waves recorded from three seismic stations, Which of these can you
possibly determine?
a. the intensity of the earthquake c. the location of the epicenter
b. the distance of the earthquake d. the damage at the focus
5. In relation to the continents, earthquakes and volcanoes are located mostly if not entirely ___________________. a. along the edge of the pacific
plate
b. in the middle of the continents
c. along the edges of continents
d. in the north and south poles
6. How will you compare the location of majority of earthquake epicenters with the location of volcanoes around the world?
a. Mountain ranges are found in places where volcanoes and/or earthquake epicenters are also located.
b. Mountain ranges are far from the places where earthquake epicenter/s are located.
c. Their locations are not relative to each other.
d. We cannot determine their locations

For numbers 7-9, refer to the figure below:

(Source:
http://earthsci.org/processes/geopro/introgeo/oceancont.gif)

7. Why does the oceanic crust sink beneath the continental crust?
a. The continental crust has a more magnetic composition.
b. The oceanic crust has a greater density.
c. The oceanic crust has a lighter density.
d. The oceanic crust is hotter.
8. Volcanoes are most likely to occur along a _______________ boundary.
a. convergent b. divergent c. transform d. transform – fault 9. Which of the following occurs when
two plates come together and the denser one is forced under back into the mantle?
a. conduction b. convection c. reduction d. subduction 10. Which of the following occurs in a collision between two
pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary?
a. deep ocean trench b. mid – ocean ridge c. mountain ranges d. rift valley 11. Which geologic process
formed the Himalayas?
a. movement at a transform fault boundary c. a tectonic plate moving over a hot spot
b. an earthquake in a subduction zone d. two continental plates converging
12. Which of the following is NOT a primary tectonic plate?
A. African Plate B. Arabian Plate C. Eurasian Plate D. Indo-Australian Plate
13. Plates A and B are classified as primary plate while Plates C and D are classified as secondary plate. Which of the following must be TRUE
about these plates?
A. Plates A and B are larger plates while Plates C and D are smaller plates
B. Plates A and B are smaller plates while Plates C and D are larger plates
C. Plates A and B are denser plates while Plates C and D are less dense plates
D. Plates A and B are less dense plates while Plates C and D are denser plates
14. Which statement CORRECTLY describes a primary wave?
A. It is a transverse wave C. It travels through solid materials only B. It is faster than a secondary wave D. It is
observed only at the ground surface
15. Which of the following type of seismic wave is recorded first in a seismic station?
A. P-wave B. S- wave C. Love wave D. Rayleigh wave
16. From a seismic recording station, the distance to the epicenter can be determined by measuring the ____. A. speed of the surface wave
B. arrival time of surface wave
C. ratio of the amplitude of the largest P- and S- waves
D. difference in the arrival times of the first P- and first S- waves
17. What makes up the lithosphere?
A. upper mantle C. crust and upper mantle

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FirstQuarter Long Test in Grade 10 Science
 B. continental crust D. oceanic crust and continental crust
18. The data about two crustal samples are shown on the table below. Which of the following must be TRUE?
Sample A Sample B
3
It has a density of about 3.0 g/cm and is primarily It has a density of about 2.7 g/cm3 and is primarily
composed of basaltic rocks composed of granitic rocks

A. Both Sample A and Sample B are oceanic crust

B. Both Sample A and Sample B are continental crust
C. Sample A is continental crust while Sample B is oceanic crust
D. Sample A is oceanic crust while Sample B is continental crust
19. Which of the following refers to the smaller sections of Earth’s lithosphere?
A. asthenosphere B. crust C. mantle D. plate
20. How many recording stations are needed to accurately locate an earthquake epicenter?
A. at least 1 B. at least 2 C. at least 3 D. at least 4
21. You were asked to locate the epicenter of a recent earthquake. Which sequence of events should you follow?
i. Determine the difference in the arrival time of P- and S- waves recorded from each of the seismic
recording stations
ii. Use triangulation method to locate the epicenter
iii. Obtain data from three different seismological stations iv. Determine the distance of the epicenter from
the station
A. i, iii, ii, iv B. iii, iv, i, ii C. iii, i, iv, ii D. iv, ii, i, iii
22. Which is NOT TRUE among the following statements?
a. The earth’s crust is continually changing.
b. The change in the surface of the earth is due to natural process.
c. The outflow of molten magma beneath the ocean becomes new ocean floor.
d. When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate both plates sink.
23. Which of the following is associated with the convergence of two oceanic plates?
a. mountains b. ocean ridge c. rift valley d. tsunamis
24. You are an oceanographer and want to map the ocean floor on the east coast of the Philippines. As you do your study, you notice that there is a
portion in the ocean floor which is relatively much deeper than the rest. What most likely is that deeper part?
a. linear sea b. oceanic ridge c. rift valley d. trench
25. If you visit a place in the Pacific known to be along converging plates, which of these should you NOT expect to see?
a. active volcanoes b. mountain ranges c. rift valleys d. volcanic islands 26. Which of the following
can occur at a divergent plate boundary?
a. fault b. folded mountains c. mid – ocean ridge d. trench 27. Which of the following occurs when
two continental plates pull apart?
a. mountain ranges b. rift valley c. subduction zone d. volcanoes
28. The San Andreas Fault is a crack in the Earth’s crust that runs the length of California. Which of the following plate boundary features caused
this?
a. an inactive convergent boundary c. an active transform-fault boundary
b. an active convergent boundary d. a volcanic eruption
29. Key to an effective disaster prevention is ____.
A. assessment B. budgeting C. evaluation D. planning
30. Which of the following actions is LEAST important in case an earthquake occurs?
A. Duck, cover and hold C. Move quickly but orderly during evacuation B. Gather
all your school things D. Move away from cabinets, shelves and windows
31. Refer to the table below. Which household is LEAST prepared in case an earthquake suddenly occurs?
Household Preparation done by the household
Household W Prepared a survival kit good for one day
Household X Oriented the family members where to meet in case of emergency
Household Y Participated in earthquake drills regularly
Household Z Retrofitted their house to fit with engineering standards
A. Household W B. Household X C. Household Y D. Household Z
32. Which of the following does not support the seafloor spreading theory?
A. paleoclimate data
B. magnetic reversal strips
C. increasing thickness of sediments away from the ridge
D. varying age of the rocks relative to its location from the mid-ocean ridge
33. The lithospheric plates are believed to be slowly moving. What is the driving force that facilitates this movement?
A. magnetic force at the poles C. convection current in the mantle B. gravitational force of the moon D. force
exerted by the atmosphere
34. Which of the following best illustrates the convection current occurring in the mantle?
A.
B. C. D.

35. At subduction zone, what force pulls the slab to move further towards the mantle?
A. buoyant force B. gravitational force C. magnetic force D. weight of slab

36. Which statement BEST describes ridge push?

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FirstQuarter Long Test in Grade 10 Science
 A. The tension force at the ridge pushes the plates to move away from each other
B. The ocean currents push the lithosphere adjacent to a ridge to move towards its direction
C. The weight of the ridge pushes the adjacent plates to move towards the subduction zones
D. The gravitational force pushes the raised part of the ridge causing the plates to move further
37. The theory of continental drift was initially rejected as its proponent cannot explain the mechanism why the continents moved. At 1960s, it
was found that the continents moved because of ____.
A. wind B. pull of gravity C. rotation of Earth D. seafloor movement
38. Which of the following lines of evidence were presented to support the Continental Drift Theory?
i. fitting edges of continents and rock formation
ii. distribution of fossils of plants and animals iii. glacial and coal deposits
A. i and ii B. ii and iii C. i and iii D. i, ii, and iii
39. The continental drift theory was validated through studies that showed that ____.
A. deep trenches were discovered on the ocean floor
B. plates move at the same speed as Wegener proposed
C. countries on opposite sides of the ocean shared common ancestors
D. rocks and fossils on the coastlines across oceans have the same age and sequence but are currently far
apart.
40. If you are a cartographer, what will give you an idea that the continents were once joined?
A. ocean depth C. shape of the continents
B. position of south pole D. size of the Atlantic Ocean
41. The magnetic pattern of ocean-floor rocks on one side of an ocean ridge is ____.
A. younger than the other side
B. a mirror image of the other side
C. at right angles to the ocean ridge
D. much different from the magnetic pattern found in rocks on land
42. While studying the ocean floor, scientists found alternating bands of magnetism. What does this imply? A. The earth’s magnetic field flips
and symmetrical ocean floor is formed at the either side of the ridge
B. The earth’s magnetic field flips and asymmetrical ocean floor is formed at the either side of the ridge C. The earth’s magnetic
field is unchanged and symmetrical ocean floor is formed at the either side of the ridge
D. The earth’s magnetic field is unchanged and asymmetrical ocean floor is formed at the either side of the ridge
43. Which of the following is NOT one of the main principles of plate tectonics? Plate movements cause ____.
A. continents to drift C. mantle convection
B. seafloor to spread D. earthquake, volcanoes, and mountain belts
44. Which of the following is associated with transform-fault boundary?
a. earthquake b. islands c. mountains d. volcanoes
45. Which of the following describes a place where an unusually hot part of the mantle rises through the crust causing volcanic activity?
a. divergent boundary b. hot spot c. convergent boundary d. transform boundary
46. In a hot spot, Volcano A is on top of the mantle plume, Volcano B is 10 km farther from A while volcano C is the farthest.
What can you infer about the ages of the volcanoes?
a. Volcano A is older than C c. Volcano B is the youngest
b. Volcano B is the oldest d. Volcano B is
younger than C

For numbers 47-53, refer to the figure below:

(Source:http://slideplayer.com/slide/5897792/19/ images/1/
Layers+of+the+Earth+Crust+Mantle+Outer+Core+Inner+Core.jpg)

47. How do you compare the densities of the Earth’s crust, mantle and core?
a. The mantle is denser than the core but less dense than the crust.
b. The mantle is less dense than the core but denser than the crust.
c. The mantle is less dense than both the core and the crust.
d. The mantle is denser than both the core and the crust.
48. Which of the following refers to the soft, weak upper portion of the mantle where the lithospheric plates float and move around?
a. asthenosphere b. atmosphere c. lithosphere d. mantle
49. Which of the following element is the most abundant in the Earth’s crust?
a. aluminum b. oxygen c. potassium d. sodium
50. What makes up the lithosphere?
a. continental crust b. crust and the upper mantle c. upper mantle d. oceanic crust and continental crust 51. Which of the following
materials make up the inner core?
a. Na and K b. O and Al c. Mg and Fe d. Fe and Ni

52. Which of the following marks the boundary between the mantle and the outer core?
a. Mohorovicic Discontinuity b. Lehman Discontinuity c. Gutenberg Discontinuity d. Lithosphere 53. Which of
the following is the ONLY layer of the earth that is liquid?
a. crust b. mantle c. outer core d. inner core

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FirstQuarter Long Test in Grade 10 Science
For numbers 54-55, refer to the figure below:

(Source: http://www.scientus.org/images/Pellegrini_Wegener_880_16.png)

54. One kind of evidence that supports Wegener’s hypothesis is that _______________.
a. Fossils of the same organism have been found of different continents.
b. The same magnetic directions exist on different continents.
c. Land bridges still exist that connect major continents.
d. Major rivers on different continents match.
55. Which of the following is NOT one of the fossils found that supported Wegener’s hypothesis of Continental Drift?
a. mesosaurus b. glossopteris c. cynognathus d. megaladon
56. Which of the following can you infer from the continuous movement of the lithospheric plates over the asthenosphere?
a. All the continents will cease to exist. c. The continents will not be located in the same place as they are now.
b. All the volcanoes in the Philippines will become inactive. d. The islands of the Philippines will become scattered all over the world.
57. In 1912, Alfred Wegener proposed a theory that the Earth was once a single landmass. What is the name of the Mesozoic Supercontinent that
consisted of all of the present continents?
a. Eurasia b. Laurasia c. Pangaea d. Gondwanaland
58. The figure below shows a triangulation based on the information received from three different seismic stations. Where is the most likely
location of the epicenter of the earthquake?
A. Point A B. Point B C. Point C D. Point D
59. The seismic data from three recording stations are shown on the table. Which station is farthest from the epicenter of the earthquake?
Recording Station Time Difference in the Arrival Time of P- and S- waves
Station Q 1 min 20 s
Station R 45 s
Station S 2 min 30 s
A. Station Q B. Station R C. Station S D. cannot be determined
60. Which of the following is TRUE about the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts when they are
plotted on a world map?
The active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts are distributed ____.
A. near or along the equator C. near or along coast lines
B. on the edges of the continents D. near or along plate boundaries
61. The following were used by scientists as basis for dividing the lithosphere into several plates EXCEPT:
A. political boundaries B. mountain formation C. seismic activity D. volcanism 62. On Earth’s surface, volcanoes and earthquakes seem to
be ____.
A. concentrated at the poles C. randomly scattered on oceanic plates only B. randomly scattered near plate boundaries
D. randomly scattered on continental plates only 63. Where are earthquakes most likely to occur?
A. in the center of an oceanic plate C. in the middle of the lithospheric plate
B. on any part of a continental plate D. at the boundaries between lithospheric plates
64. Geologic phenomena occur because the entire lithosphere is broken into numerous segments called plates that move slowly and continuously,
and interact with each other. What does this statement refer to?
A. Plate Tectonic Theory C. Continental Shift Theory
B. Continental Drift Theory D. Sea Floor Spreading Theory
65. Which of the following is the BEST location to evacuate to immediately after an earthquake?
A. an open field B. in the rest room C. the nearest hospital D. the hallway or lobby 66. When plates move away
from each other, they are said to be ____.
A. demonstrative B. destructive C. conservative D. constructive
67. The Himalayas mountain range was formed due to the interaction between the Eurasian Plate and Indian Plate. What type of boundary depicts
the movement of Eurasian Plate relative to Indian Plate?
A. demonstrative B. destructive C. conservative D. constructive
68. Crustal plate A is moving away from crustal plate B. What is the expected average rate of change in position between A and B?
a. a few centimeters per year c. a few millimeters per century
b. a few meters per month d. a few millimeters per day
69. What was the main reason why Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis was rejected?
a. He could provide only illogical explanations for the movement of the continents.
b. He could not provide a mechanism for the movement of the continents.
c. He was not well-liked by other scientists.
d. His evidence was incorrect.
70. What type of evidence was NOT used by Alfred Wegener to support his continental drift hypothesis?
a. evidence from landforms c. evidence from fossils
b. evidence from coal deposits d. evidence from human remains
71. Which of the following BEST describes the hypothesis of continental drift?
a. The continents were once joined together in a single landmass.
b. Earth’s surface is made up of seven major land masses.
c. Earth is slowly cooling and shrinking.

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FirstQuarter Long Test in Grade 10 Science
 d. The continents do not move.
72. Which of the following DOES NOT provide evidence that the continents were once joined together?
a. Ancient maps left by early humans showing only one large continent.
b. Different continents having rocks of the same age and type.
c. Fossils of the same reptiles found on different continents.
d. Coastlines of the same continents matching up.
73. Why do earthquakes usually occur at plate boundaries?
a. The boundaries between tectonic plates have been seismically active for millions of years.
b. The rock on the edges of tectonic plates is soft and gives in easily to various pressures.
c. Rock in environments near tectonic plate boundaries experience great stress.
d. Rock in environments near tectonic plate boundaries experience little stress.
74. Who were the two scientists who proposed the theory of seafloor spreading in the early 1960s?
a. Charles Darwin and James Hutton c. John Butler and Arthur Smite
b. Harry Hess and Robert Dietz d. Vine and D. Mathews
75. The driving forces behind plate tectonics, a subject that plagued Wegener, continue to be a matter of debate today. Which of the following is
NOT a possible cause of plate motion?
a. convection b. gravity c. earthquake activity d. mantle upwelling
76. What is the BEST characteristic of an earthquake that make it so damaging?
a. Cities can’t afford to rebuild right away, as a result the physical damage may linger for many years.
b. Earthquakes occur with little or no warning and the ground shaking can be felt for a long way.
c. Many cities do not have enough first responders to address the damage and injuries.
d. Landslides and mudslides destroy habitats along their paths.
77. Which of the following states that the Earth’s crust is in constant, slow motion driven by movement in the mantle?
a. the theory of continental drift c. the theory of plate boundaries
b. the theory of plate tectonics d. the theory of Pangaea
78. Scientists recently found coal deposits in eastern Antarctica. This discovery provides evidence of________.
a. coastal erosion c. ocean currents
b. plate tectonics d. global warming
79. Which observation was NOT instrumental in formulating the hypothesis of seafloor spreading?
a. depth of the ocean c. magnetization of the oceanic crust
b. identifying the location of glacial deposits d. thickness of seafloor sediments 80. Which of the
following is used as evidence of seafloor spreading?
a. fossil evidence b. climate clues c. rock clues d. magnetic pole reversals
81. The youngest rocks on the seafloor are most likely found____________.
a. closest to a mid-ocean ridge c. near the coastlines
b. farthest from a mid-ocean ridge d. closest to a deep sea trench
82. When a ship passes over seafloor that has a “reverse” magnetic polarization, how does this affect the magnetic field reading?
a. The strength of the magnetic field is slightly stronger than usual.
b. The strength of the magnetic field is slightly weaker than usual.
c. The magnetic field is directed south.
d. The magnetic field is directed east.

For numbers 83 - 8 4 , refer to the figure below :

(Source: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9iUicHMkBv0/VdsH4W4ZjkI/AAAAAAAAACo/YubKnLg2XVo/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2015-08-25%2Bat%2B12.01.59%2Bam.png)

83. What causes convection current?

a. heat from the inner layers of the earth b. movement of plates c. rocks d. minerals
84. Which part of Earth’s interior is inferred to have convection currents that cause tectonic plates to move?
a. crust b. mantle c. inner core d. outer core
85. What type of stress is experienced by rocks at convergent boundaries?
A. compression B. confining C. shear D. tension
86. What type of stress is experienced by rocks at conservative boundaries?
A. compression B. confining C. shear D. tension
87. Why does Earth size remain the same despite of the movement of plates away from each other at oceanic ridges?
A. The edges of the continents are maintained
B. It is composed of continental and oceanic crust of constant size
C. The movement in oceanic ridge is too slow to cause change in Earth size
D. Creation of crust at divergent margins is balanced by the destruction at convergent margins

88. When a continental plate and an oceanic plate collide, the oceanic plate dives down under the continental plate. Which statement BEST
explains this observation?
A. The oceanic plate is denser than the continental plate
B. The continental plate exerts pressure on the oceanic plate
C. The weight of the continental plate pushes down the oceanic plate
D. The top portion of the oceanic plate is wet, so it tends to slide down the continental plate

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FirstQuarter Long Test in Grade 10 Science
89. Which of the following might happen when two oceanic plates collide? A. The older oceanic plate will subduct below the younger oceanic plate
B. The younger oceanic plate will subduct below the older oceanic plate
C. No subduction will happen because the interacting plates are both oceanic
D. Both plates will interact to any nearby continental plate for the subduction process to take place
90. The Alps and the Himalayas are formed because of the collision between ____.
A. two oceanic plates C. any two tectonic plates
B. two continental plates D. a continental plate and an oceanic plate
91. Mid-Atlantic ridge is formed because South American Plate and African Plate are moving away from each other. How does this event affect
the size of the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean?
A. Both Atlantic ocean and Pacific ocean are getting wider
B. Both Atlantic ocean and Pacific ocean are getting narrower
C. The Atlantic ocean is getting wider while the Pacific ocean is getting narrower
D. The Atlantic ocean is getting narrower while the Pacific ocean is getting wider
92. Which figure depicts the movement of plates at a convergent plate boundary?
A. B. C.
D.

93. A slab of rock thrusts into the mantle. What process is described in this statement?
A. convection B. convergence C. divergence D. subduction
94. Which of the following is formed due to plates that slide past each other?
A. Andes Mountains B. Marianas Trench C. Mid-Atlantic Ridge D. San Andreas Fault

For numbers 95-99, refer to the figure on the right:

Plates A and F are continental while Plates B, C, D, and E are oceanic.

The arrows represent the relative plate movement.

95. Consider the interaction between Plate D and Plate F. Which of the following
statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Trench is formed on Plate D
B. Plate D will subduct beneath Plate F
C. Volcanic islands will be formed on top of Plate D
D. Volcanic mountains will be formed on top of Plate F
96. Consider the interaction between Plate B and Plate C. If volcanic island arc was formed on top of Plate B, which of the following statements
must be TRUE?
A. Plate B is denser than Plate C C. Plate B is lighter than Plate C
B. Plate B is less dense than Plate C D. Plate B is heavier than Plate C
97. Consider the interaction between Plate A and Plate F. Which of the following statements must be TRUE? A. Plate A will subduct beneath Plate
F C. Plate A and Plate F will have no interaction B. Rift valleys are formed between the plates D. Mountain range is
formed at the collision site
98. Which pair of plates might produce a mid-ocean ridge?
A. Plates D and F B. Plates B and C C. Plates C and D D. Plates E and F
99. Consider the interaction between Plate A and Plate C. Which of the following BEST describes the processes that occur along their boundaries
A. The leading edge of Plate A subducts forming volcanic islands on top of Plate C
B. The leading edge of Plate C subducts forming mountain ranges on top of Plate A
C. The crusts both Plates are compressed, and they can generate deep earthquakes
D. The crusts of both Plates are neither created nor destroyed but it can generate shallow earthquakes 100. Which of the following items
should be included in an emergency kit?
I. Flashlight II. Diary III. Personal Documents IV. Food
a. I and IV b. II and III c. I, II, and III d. I, III, and IV

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FirstQuarter Long Test in Grade 10 Science