Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
College of Architecture, Fine Arts and Design
Alangilan, Batangas City

SOLARI: Specializing on Rekindling the Ages

A Proposed Retirement Haven with Geriatric Hospital

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

Architectural Design 5 - Space Planning II

MEMBERS
Alcantara, Dan Gabriel
Bastante, Mariedale F.
Dayrit, Erdy Joshua A.
Dy, Jamie M.
Macanang, John Rich
Salayo, Mark Jay
Villa Del Rey, Carmela Anne A.

November 2023
 ABSTRACT

The availability of highly skilled healthcare workers and the financial

advantages that come with a low cost of living in a region rich in natural resources

make the Philippines an increasingly attractive retirement destination in Asia. A

key component of this idea for a better retirement experience is the establishment

of a hospital that goes beyond what typical medical personnel offers. However, a

number of proposed retirement housing with geriatrics hospitals remains

controversial, nor are they an antidote to ageing. Hence, the purpose of this

research project is to look into the different facets of designing and building a

hospital that will meet the needs of retirees, as well as the Caviteños themselves.

Ultimately, the goal is to maintain a dynamic, interconnected Cavite that is perfectly

integrated into the landscape, reflecting the city's unique culture and history.

The proposed project is focused on a combined independent living housing

with other amenities and commodities such as a home care, community facilities,

and recreational facilities. Creating therapeutic green spaces are considered to

engage the elderly's senses, whereas the design prioritizes regenerative and

experiential architecture that aims for a groundbreaking geriatric center.

Thus, this proposal, entitled “SOLARI: A Proposed Retirement Haven with

Geriatrics Hospital” intends to provide an accommodation to the retired population

integrating needs for their daily life routine. This aims to contribute to Dasmariñas,

Cavite, and other neighboring provinces by establishing a top-tier healthcare

facility dedicated to seniors, fostering an improved quality of life, and enhancing

the senior healthcare system in the community.

i
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract ............................................................................................................................ i

Table OF Contents ...........................................................................................................ii

List OF Tables ................................................................................................................. v

List of Figures ................................................................................................................. vii

CHAPTER 1 - The Problem and Its Setting ................................................................. 1

1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Background of the Study ........................................................................................ 3

1.3 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................... 5

1.4 Conceptual Framework .......................................................................................... 7

1.5 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................... 8

1.5.1 Major Problems................................................................................................ 8

1.5.2. Minor Problems ............................................................................................... 9

1.6 Significance of the Study........................................................................................ 9

1.7 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................ 11

1.7.1 Project Objectives .......................................................................................... 11

1.7.2 Design Objectives .......................................................................................... 12

1.8 Scope and Limitations of the Study ...................................................................... 13

1.9 Definition of Terms ............................................................................................... 14

1.9.1 Contextual Definitions .................................................................................... 15

1.9.2 Operational Definition .................................................................................... 16

1.9.3 Abbreviations ................................................................................................. 17

ii
CHAPTER 2 - Review of Related Literature ............................................................... 19

2.1 Related Literature ................................................................................................ 19

2.1.1 Foreign Review of Related Literature ............................................................ 19

2.1.2 Local Review of Related Literature ................................................................ 25

2.2 Related Research ................................................................................................ 32

2.2.1 Foreign Related Research ............................................................................. 32

2.2.2 Local Related Research................................................................................. 42

2.3 Synthesis of the Reviewed Related Literature and Research ........................... 45

CHAPTER 3 - Research Methodology ....................................................................... 48

3.1 Research Design ................................................................................................. 48

3.1.2 Research Generation .................................................................................... 49

3.1.3 Design Concept ............................................................................................. 50

3.2 Data Analysis and Presentation ........................................................................... 53

3.2.1 Site Selection ................................................................................................. 53

3.2.1.1 Site Criteria ................................................................................................. 55

3.2.1.2 System of Evaluation and Rating ................................................................ 63

3.2.1.3 Site Justification .......................................................................................... 64

3.3 Site Data .............................................................................................................. 65

3.3.1 Micro Site ....................................................................................................... 65

3.3.2 Macro Site...................................................................................................... 70

3.4 Site Analysis ........................................................................................................ 82

3.4.1 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) Analysis ............... 85

iii
 3.4.2 Summary of Site Analysis .............................................................................. 87

3.5 User’s Analysis .................................................................................................... 88

3.5.1 User’s Demographics .................................................................................... 88

3.5.1 Organizational Structure ............................................................................... 93

3.5.2 Behavioral Pattern Analysis ......................................................................... 103

Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 107

iv
 LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page

Table 3.1 Rating Scale with Equivalent Description for Natural, 60

Environmental and Physical Factors

Table 3.2 Rating Scale with Equivalent Description for Legal 61

Institutional, & Aesthetics

Table 3.3 Rating Scale with Equivalent Description for 63

Socio-economic & Cultural Factors

Table 3.4 Rating of Each Sites Based on the Rating Scale 64

for Site Criteria Indicated in the Previous Section of the Paper

Table 3.5 Lot Bearing Description of the Scale 70

for Site Criteria Indicated in the Previous Section of the Paper

Table 3.6 Leading causes of death in the Philippines 90

from January to September 2022

Table 3.7 Cavite’s Morbidity: Ten Leading Causes 92

Number & Rate/ 100,000 Population

Table 3.8 Cavite’s Mortality: Ten Leading Causes 92

Number & Rate/ 100,000 Population

v
vi
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page

Figure 1.0 Conceptual Paradigm 7

Figure 2.1 Santa Rita Geriatric Center 19

Figure 2.2 Santa Rita Geriatric Center Floor Plan 20

Figure 2.3 Exterior View of Yishun Community Hospital & 22

Geriatric Education and Research Institute

Figure 2.4 Exterior and Interior Perspective of Yishun Community Hospital 23

Figure 2.5 Amonsagana Retirement Village 25

Figure 2.6 Sagana Resort 26

Figure 2.7 Amonsagana Master Plan 27

Figure 2.8 Amonsagana Phase 28

Figure 2.9 Saint Luke’s Medical Center 29

Figure 2.10 Saint Luke's Medical Center’s Central Green Park 30

Figure 2.11 Two-Bed Patient Room of Saint Luke’s Medical Center 31

Figure 2.12 Scale Model of the Proposed GRUHAM: Living for the Elderly 36

Figure 2.13 Model of the Proposed Taiwan’s First ‘Smart’ Geriatric Hospital 41

Figure 2.15 MemoraVilla: A Village-Type Dementia Care 43

Community Designed through Neuro-Architectural Approach

Figure 3.1 Research Paradigm 49

Figure 3.2 Location Map of Site A Brgy. Conchu, Trese Martires, Cavite 54

Figure 3.3 Location Map of Site B Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas, Cavite 54

Figure 3.4 Location Map of Site C Brgy. San Agustin, Dasmariñas, Cavite 65

Figure 3.5 Location Map of Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas, Cavite 65

vii
Figure 3.6 East View of the Site 67

Figure 3.7 View of the Molino-Paliparan Road 67

Figure 3.8 Local Commercial Building 68

Figure 3.9 Molino-Paliparan Intersection 68

Figure 3.10 The District Dasmariñas by Ayala Malls 68

Figure 3.11 Slope Map of Dasmariñas, Cavite 78

Figure 3.12 Rain-induced Hazard Map of Dasmariñas, Cavite 79

Figure 3.13 Earthquake-induced Hazard Map of Dasmariñas, Cavite 80

Figure 3.14 Ground-shaking Hazard Map of Dasmariñas, Cavite 81

Figure 3.15 Sun and Wind Path Analysis of the site location in 82
Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas, Cavite

Figure 3.16 Neighboring Analysis of the site location in 83

Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas, Cavite

Figure 3.17 Vehicular Traffic Analysis of the site location in 84

Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas, Cavite

Figure 3.18 Noise Analysis of the site location in Brgy. 85

Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas, Cavite

Figure 3.19 General Organizational Structure for the Proposed 93

Retirement Haven with Geriatrics Hospital in Dasmariñas City, Cavite

Figure 3.20 Organizational Structure of the Administration of the 94

Retirement Haven in connection with the Commercial Management

Figure 3.21 Organizational Structure of the Administration of the 94

Retirement Haven in connection with the Target Users

Figure 3.22 Organizational Structure of the Residential Management of 95

the Retirement Haven

viii
Figure 3.23 Organizational Structure of the Business Management 95

in connection with the Restaurants within the Retirement Haven

Figure 3.24 Organizational Structure of the Business Management 96

in connection with Retail Shops within the Retirement Haven

Figure 3.25 General Organizational Structure of Geriatric Hospitals 96

Figure 3.26 Organizational Structure of the Administrative 97

Department Services

Figure 3.27 General Organizational Structure of Medical Service 102

Figure 3.28 General Organizational Structure of Nursing Service 102

Hospital Operations and Patient Support Service

Figure 3.29 General Organizational Structure of Hospital 103

Operations and Patient Support Service

Figure 3.30 General Organizational Structure of Finance Service Department 103

Figure 3.31 Resident’s Behavioral Pattern Analysis 104

Figure 3.32 Visitor’s Behavioral Pattern Analysis 104

Figure 3.33 Restaurant/Cafeteria Manager’s Behavioral Pattern Analysis 104

Figure 3.34 Security Guard’s Behavioral Pattern Analysis 105

Figure 3.35 Maintenance & Utility Worker’s Behavioral Pattern 105

Figure 3.36 Head Office Department’s Behavioral Pattern Analysis 106

Figure 3.37 Clinical’s Patient Behavioral Pattern Analysis 106

Figure 3.38 In-Patient’s Behavioral Pattern Analysis 106

Figure 3.39 Doctor’s Behavioral Pattern Analysis 107

ix
 CHAPTER 1

The Problem and its Setting

1.1 Introduction

In an era when there is a rising emphasis on the well-being and quality of life of

elders and locals alike, the potential of establishing an innovative retirement center in the

dynamic province of Cavite, Philippines, has become apparent as an exciting and a

significant endeavor. This project is motivated not only by the deep cultural values of the

Filipino people, paying homage to the elderly and acknowledging family as the primary

social unit. Moreover, the pressing need for universal welfare services that are affordable

for all drastically increases, particularly for those living in rural or low-income areas.

In emerging and transitional countries, there are two primary demographic trends:

the urbanization (the expansion of metropolitan population) and aging (the increase in the

number of people over 70 years old due to increased life expectancy). It is believed that

there are still issues with these two tendencies that relate to health, happiness, and quality

of life (Barba & Rabuco, 2021). The field of architecture must align with the world's

significant transformations in solving modern day problems. The development of

healthcare, residential housing, social regulations, leisure, and recreational facilities are

all impacted by these issues.

All human activities take place in some sort of shelter or structured open space,

which are the contributions of architecture to the built environment and the economic

1
progress of the country. Architecture and design are among the key sectors of economic

growth in any country. The magnitude of this issue in developing economies such as the

Philippines is immense and immeasurable.

The Philippines' enticement as a growing retirement destination in Asia is

enhanced by the availability of highly qualified medical professionals and the financial

benefits that come with a low cost of living in an area endowed with an abundance of

natural resources. A fundamental aspect of this concept for an improved retirement

experience is the creation of a hospital that extends beyond the traditional duty of medical

professionals. Therefore, the goal of this study project is to investigate the various aspects

of planning and constructing a hospital that will serve the requirements of both the Cavite

community and retirees. This facility will be perfectly integrated into Cavite's landscape,

reflecting its unique culture and history, in accordance with the ultimate objective of

preserving a vibrant, connected society. On top of that, the project aims to be inclusive

by providing retirement facilities that can accommodate a significant population of at least

25,000 people and also accommodates those living outside the area.

In conclusion, the following sections will explore the critical facets of this research,

spanning from the identification of an optimal site for development to the delineation of

design objectives harmonizing with the evolving requirements of seniors and the broader

community.

This project signifies the researchers’ dedication to fostering the welfare,

autonomy, and active participation of retirees and local residents, all the while making

substantial contributions to the economic prosperity and cultural tapestry of the province.

2
As the architects and visionaries of this endeavor, we wholeheartedly embrace the

opportunity to sculpt the future of senior living and healthcare in Cavite, guided by the

enduring principles of respect, inclusivity, and sustainability.

1.2 Background of the Study

With the Philippines becoming a desirable country for local and foreign retirement

locations, the government and investors are now seeing the country as one of the

emerging retirement locations in all of Asia and began investing and putting much more

attention in the retirement sector. Based on the 2018 study of the Philippine Institute for

Development Studies predicted that by 2032, at least 7% of the country's population

would be 65 years of age or older, indicating an aging population in the Philippines. This

indicates that an increasing number of people, via either public or private pension

schemes, will be dependent on pension benefits.

Regretfully, there is still much that needs to be done to strengthen the retirement

systems in the Philippines. There are about 7.6 million Filipinos in the Philippines who are

60 years of age or older, while under the retirement program of the Philippine Retirement

Authority (PRA), common nationalities who retired in the country are Chinese, American,

Korean, Japanese, and European. PRA offers a Special Resident Retirement VIsa

(SSRV), where the international retirees are entitled to multiple- entry privileges with the

right to stay permanently in the Philippines. Hence, there is a great chance of a growing

economy with retirement housing and a healthcare facility.

According to the 2020 NSO Census on Population, the City of Dasmariñas, Cavite

had recorded a total population of 703,141. As data was gathered in the 2020 Census,

3
the data shows that there are 39,787 senior citizens in Dasmariñas, Cavite. This means

that senior citizens make up 6.04% of the city’s total population. Insights from the 2023

Cavite Statistical Yearbook indicate that 53.2% of Dasmariñas City's workforce is

engaged in the services industry, mirroring the provincial trend observed its neighboring

municipalities. This statistic highlights the city's significant reliance on the services sector,

offering a promising outlook for sustained job opportunities in line with the broader

provincial pattern.

Cavite has become a leading agri-industrial province, transforming from its

agricultural roots. Its northern cities have evolved into suburbs of Manila, driven by

urbanization trends in the late 20th century. This has made it an integral part of the

Greater Manila Area, attracting people seeking relief from traffic and pollution from the

cityscapes. Its growth and infrastructure development have created investment

opportunities in healthcare, medical tourism, and tourism facilities such as retirement

villages, hotels, theme parks, and resorts. With more seniors desiring vibrant communities

with easy access to retail, healthcare, and entertainment, senior housing projects are

increasingly being incorporated into mixed-use developments. These projects provide

flexibility to meet seniors' evolving needs at different stages of retirement, fostering

independence and engagement in their golden years.

Dasmariñas City, dubbed as Cavite’s "university capital," has witnessed the

establishment of numerous large educational and health institutions, along with

subdivisions. Despite the limited presence of retirement homes, the city hosts nursing

facilities such as MMMS Home for Elderly Center and Angel's Care Home for the Elderly.

The availability of specific places or amenities catering to the elderly population in

4
Dasmarinas remains unclear. Consequently, a significant concentration of elderly

individuals in the city could benefit from access to a retirement haven equipped with a

geriatric hospital. Proposing such an initiative holds the potential to not only enhance the

city's economy but also position it as a distinguished retirement destination for foreign

nationals.

1.3 Theoretical Framework

“All possible measures are to be taken to relate the form and plan of the design to

the site, the region and the climate. Measures are to be taken to “heal” and augment the

ecology of the site. Accommodations are to be taken to relate the form of building to a

harmonious relationship between the inhabitants and nature.”

– Charles Simon

“The best architecture comes from a synthesis of all the elements that separately

comprise a building.”

– Norman Foster

Architectural designs that are effective in welcoming and satisfying both local and

international users are those that utilize and reflect its surrounding environment in order

to provide a better experience for its users. Analyzing the site, prior to the planning and

designing process, allows the proponents to understand what factors must be taken into

consideration, what elements in the location can be taken advantage of in terms of

planning and designing, and what actions can be taken to solve existing problems that

could be detrimental to the project’s construction and or long-term functionality. Moreover,

5
taking into account the climate, culture, and community life that surrounds the chosen site

is helpful in planning and designing a structure that gives importance to its appearance

and aesthetics as much as it does to its functionality and safety. The overall goal of the

proponents is to be able to conceptualize a design that uniquely stands out within its

immediate vicinity but still manages to be harmonious with its surrounding environment.

At its core, architecture has always been made for the people. Whether it be a

small, privately-owned residential building, or a massive public structure, the goal of

architecture has always been to understand how to best cater to the people, and how to

execute these ideas and designs in a way that allows the structure to remain relevant and

functional for a long period of time. The entire process of selecting and analyzing the site,

planning the interior and exterior spaces, and conceptualizing intricate architectural

details and facades are all done with the people, specifically the target users, as the most

significant factor to consider. This is especially important in cases where the project is

aimed towards a specific demographic. Taking into consideration how the people will

make use of the structure, how people will interact inside and outside the structure, the

type of community life and culture that the people in the area have, etc., will allow the

proponents to create a design that is effective in merging function, aesthetics,

sustainability and safety.

Architecture is most compelling when it is able to merge multiple factors and ideas

into one design. A structure with a carefully conceptualized design is able to provide what

is necessary to satisfy its target users, stand out and appeal to those in the community,

have a safe and welcoming environment for its users, utilize sustainable methods and

6
materials that prevent further damage to its natural surroundings, and achieve longevity

of its function and structural stability.

1.4 Conceptual Framework

Figure 1.0 Conceptual Paradigm

Figure 1.0 shows the paradigm of the study in conceptualizing the design of the

Proposed Retirement Haven with Geriatrics Hospital. The input contains the major

problems and the minor problems of the study in which major problems entail the design

approach, factors that affect the future generation, amenities needed, and benefits of the

proposed project while the minor problems include the planning strategies, innovation,

design methods, and sustainability. Dependent and independent elements are shown on

7
the above figure. Shown on the figure are the major and minor problems encountered in

the design process as well as the design considerations that serve as the basis for the

architectural design. These two serve as the independent elements for the study. The

dependent elements are the design process for the Proposed Retirement Haven with

Geriatrics Hospital.

1.5 Statement of the Problem

In designing the proposed project, a number of issues are encountered. Prior to

the establishment of the retirement haven with a geriatric hospital project, the researchers

diligently identified a range of issues. Following extensive observation and in-depth

investigation, it became evident that addressing a set of issues, encompassing both major

and minor concerns, would provide valuable insights. These issues are outlined as

follows:

1.5.1 Major Problems

1.5.1.1 Which architectural strategies ought to be established considering

the anticipated issues connected to the objectives of the project?

1.5.1.2 What are the different site factors that could affect the growth and

development of the proposed project?

1.5.1.3 What design considerations need to be taken into account in order

to achieve the project's objective of providing the target users with

adequately planned amenities?

8
 1.5.1.4 What innovations may be featured in the project to promote

economic growth in the province where the proposed project is

located?

1.5.2. Minor Problems

1.5.2.1 How will the proposed project transform the area of the site into an

advanced and economically viable environment, given the area's

current state and problem?

1.5.2.2 Which architectural style should be utilized in the proposed project

in order to respect and fulfill the demands of the culture, history, and

customs of the community, as well as the intended users?

1.5.2.3 Which methods should be taken to mitigate the development's

medium- to long-range consequences after it is established?

1.5.2.4 How will the project at hand be functionally constructed to meet the

demands of the intended users and support the province's growth?

1.6 Significance of the Study

Through this study, the proposed project seeks to establish a superior healthcare

institution dedicated to serving the elderly in Dasmariñas, Cavite and its neighboring

provinces. This initiative not only aims to elevate the healthcare landscape for seniors but

also to enhance the local community's overall quality of life. The benefits of this endeavor

include:

9
● To the community members of Dasmariñas, Cavite the proposed retirement

haven with a geriatric hospital will provide extraordinary lifestyle experience.

Incorporating the commercial areas and senior housing projects into mixed-use

development will provide more job opportunities and provide lifestyle and

services to all local, foreign, and Balikbayan retirees in the place catering for

more business and tourism ventures from local to international.

● To the City of Dasmariñas, Cavite, this research will be beneficial to the city to

develop more healthcare institutions and utilize the findings of this study to make

new ordinances that can be implemented not only on the selected site, but also

to the related future developments in the city.

● To the students of Bachelor of Science in Architecture, this study helps as they

learn new knowledge about the way of living of the locals, the growth and

development mostly in terms of architectural structures of city of Dasmariñas,

Cavite. Moreover, this research will serve them as a guide as they acquire new

information concerning planning and designing, gathering data in researching

retirement havens and geriatric hospitals.

● To the future researcher, this study will be beneficial to the future researchers

as it serves as a reference material in gathering related studies to similar

research. This study will contribute to share important details pertaining to

mixed-use developments and application to the design proper.

10
1.7 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study are sectioned into two parts such as the project

objectives and the design objectives. This matter is presented for readers to perceive why

the study is conducted.

1.7.1 Project Objectives

General Objectives:

The primary aim of this project is to create a retirement haven with a

specialized geriatric hospital that enhances the lifestyle and caters to the

diverse needs of the retired population on their housing, health, and leisure

needs through innovative architectural solutions.

Specific Objectives:

● To design and establish a state-of-the-art geriatric hospital that prioritizes

the highest standards of healthcare, comfort, and accommodation,

specifically tailored to meet the needs of retirees and elderly citizens from

local and international.

● To address the socio-economic considerations associated with the

planning and development of the retirement haven and geriatric hospital,

ensuring accessibility to all segments of the community.

● To expand commercial activities and enlarge industries in order to provide

more employment opportunities that soon will help out in uplifting the

economic status and quality of living for the people of Dasmariñas, Cavite.

11
 ● To champion the integration of eco-friendly and sustainable architectural

concepts, contributing to the overall progress of tourism and

environmental features of the community, thus fostering a harmonious

coexistence between nature and the built environment.

1.7.2 Design Objectives

General Objectives:

The proposed project aims to design a geriatric hospital within a

retirement haven while incorporating the principles of regenerative and

experiential architecture. It also seeks to create a specialized healthcare

and accommodation facility that focuses on a combination of independent

and assisted living.

Specific Objectives:

● To develop an energy-efficient and sustainable architectural design that

establishes connections among the architectural elements, natural

environment, and the users promoting a sense of well-being and

harmony.

● To design the retirement haven and geriatric hospital as a catalyst for

improving the health and wellness of the residents, and foster not just a

sense of community but a sense of “home”.

12
 ● To create an institution that is suitable to the varied culture and character

of retirees from different countries and a harmonious relationship to the

existing environment.

● To be able to house and strengthen the old population worldwide and

provide facilities that offer an enjoyable and interesting environment

diverting loneliness.

● To incorporate innovative features and amenities into the facilities and

spaces, making both the retirement haven and the geriatric hospital a

standout establishment that excels in functionality and accessibility.

1.8 Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study focused on physical, social, environmental, cultural and economic

aspects of the project. The study covers the following:

1. Designing of structure of a retirement haven and a geriatric hospital for the

sick and elderly in Dasmariñas and also includes space programing,

planning and proper zoning of necessary spaces which is a requirement to

create a retirement haven with geriatric hospital.

2. Conceptualization of ideas.

3. Gathering information and site analysis of Dasmariñas, Cavite.

The scope of the development of the project were the following:

1. Retirement Housing Area and Amenities

2. Commercial Areas

13
 3. Geriatric Hospital

The study is delimited to the following:

1. Estimates

2. Electrical Details

3. Plumbing Details

4. Structural Details

5. Sanitary Details

6. Mechanical Details

7. Other Engineering Works

1.8.1 Delimitations

This study focuses on architectural planning and designing a retirement

haven with a geriatric hospital for Dasmariñas, Cavite but the necessary drawings

and plans will be provided to support the feasibility of the project and its concept.

This study was limited on details regarding engineering planning, analysis and

works such as electrical, plumbing, mechanical and electronics detailing, and

structural and seismic analysis on the reaction of the structure to earthquake,

sanitary designs, and specifications writing of materials used unless supporting

details were provided to support the design concept.

1.9 Definition of Terms

The findings of this study were applied in a practical manner as a guide for

designing the proposed retirement haven with a geriatric hospital. Prior to a review of the

14
literature relevant to the research and design project, definitions are provided for several

key terms that are used throughout this thesis.

The following terms are conceptually or operationally defined to enhance the

understanding of the readers of this study.

1.9.1 Contextual Definitions

Energy-Efficient. It is the goal to reduce the amount of energy required to provide

products and services.

Mixed-use Building. It aims to combine three or more uses into one structure

such as residential, hotel, retail, parking, transportation, cultural, and

entertainment. Whatever the combination, it brings together several uses

within either one building or a small area.

Land Use. It is the human use of land. Land use involves the management and

modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment

such as settlements and semi-natural habitats such as arable fields,

pastures, and managed woods.

Regenerative Architecture. It is the practice of engaging the natural world as the

medium for, and generator of the architecture.

Sustainable Building. An outcome of a design philosophy which focuses on

increasing the efficiency of resource use — energy, water, and materials —

while reducing building impacts on human health and the environment

15
 during the building's life cycle, through better sitting, design, construction,

operation, maintenance, and removal.

Vernacular Architecture. Can be characterized as a style of building that is done

locally or regionally and makes use of customary resources and building

materials from the surrounding area. As a result, this architecture is

significantly impacted by its surroundings and is cognizant of its unique

geographic characteristics as well as cultural aspects. It is also tightly linked

to its setting.

Zoning. It relates to the division of an area into zones, as to restrict the number

and types of buildings and their uses.

1.9.2 Operational Definition

Deep Zone. Areas that require asepsis to perform the prescribed services.

Development Plan. The Development Plan sets out our policies for the

development and use of land within the City. This includes the Structure

Plan and the Local Plan, both of which are important when determining

planning applications.

Gerontology. The study of elderly people. As life expectancy has increased, the

study of gerontology has changed. This discipline employs a wide group of

researchers with backgrounds in public health, psychology, social science,

physiology, and policy.

Geriatric Hospital. Specialized healthcare facilities that focus on the care of older

adults. Designed to meet the unique needs of this population, which can
16
 include complex medical conditions, multiple medications, and functional

impairments.

Inner Zone. Areas that provide nursing care and management of patients.

Outer Zone. Areas that are immediately accessible to the public.

Retirees. The person who has retired from an occupation or profession.

Retirement Housing. Designed specifically for older adults. It can offer a variety

of services and amenities to help residents live independently and

comfortably.

Second Zone. Areas that receive workload from the outer zone.

Service Zone. Areas that provide support to hospital activities: dietary service,

housekeeping service, maintenance and motor pool service, and mortuary.

They shall be located in areas away from normal traffic.

1.9.3 Abbreviations

CDMP – Conceptual Master Development Plan

CLUP – Comprehensive Land Use and Development Plan

DOH – Department of Health

ER – Emergency Room

EENT – Eye Ear Nose Throat

FOIL – Functional Optimization towards Independent Living

GSIS – Government Service Insurance System

17
I.C.U. – Intensive Care Unit

I.P.D. – Inpatient Department

NSO – National Statistics Office

PACOSY – Patient Communications System

PRA – Philippine Retirement Authority

O. P. D. – Outpatient Department

O.R. – Operating Room

R.R. – Recovery Room

SSRV – Special Resident Retiree's Visa

SSS – Social Security System

WHO – World Health Organization

18
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Related Literature

This chapter presents the case study reviewed by the proponent of the study. Both

foreign and local research related to the proposal project are considered here to gain

insights of the study.

2.1.1 Foreign Review of Related Literature

Santa Rita Geriatric Center

Figure 2.1 Santa Rita Geriatric Center

https://www.archdaily.com/24725/santa-rita-geriatric-center-manuel-ocana

The Santa Rita Geriatric Center is a Deinstitutionalization and Person-

Centered Care facility that reflects the concept of deinstitutionalization in

healthcare design by breaking away from the usual hospital-like appearance of

geriatric centers. It is practically created on a single ground-level floor,

19
emphasizing total accessibility, physical autonomy, and respect for individual

privacy. Despite maintaining solitude, it emphasizes innovative architecture that

minimizes the usage of traditional corridors and doors, fostering an open and

interconnected sense of space. This approach is consistent with current trends in

hospital architecture, with the goal of creating settings that reduce architectural

barriers and enable a more fluid and adaptable use of space. Santa Rita Geriatic

Center also used the concept of "polyatmospheric circulation space," which

generates the notion of an innovative manner to serve the users' cognitive and

emotional demands.

Figure 2.2 Santa Rita Geriatric Center Floor Plan

https://www.archdaily.com/24725/santa-rita-geriatric-center-manuel-ocana

The stated geriatric center design deviates from traditional institutionalized

care settings by emphasizing a more human-centered, accessible, and

emotionally supportive approach. This method is consistent with current

20
healthcare and architectural trends, emphasizing the necessity of enhancing the

well-being, comfort, and dignity of older inhabitants. Santa Rita Geriatric Center

aims to provide twice as much essential space as other comparable projects for

the same money in order to enhance the level of wellness supplied to a fully aided

user. At Santa Rita Geriatric Center, the user is given an abundance of circulation

possibilities, including various paths from point A to point B.

Elderly patients in healthcare settings face a range of prevalent diseases,

such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), respiratory infections, skin and soft tissue

infections, gastrointestinal ailments, and various syndromes. Notably, the

incidence of UTIs is noteworthy, affecting long-term care facility residents,

hospitalized elderly individuals, and older women within the community, with

variations influenced by gender and age. Furthermore, respiratory infections,

specifically Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), represent a substantial

proportion of hospitalizations among the elderly demographic.

To address these health challenges effectively, specialized care rooms

designed for the treatment of specific diseases are essential to administer tailored

care to patients. This approach involves a collaborative effort among a diverse

team of healthcare professionals, including generalists, geriatricians, and

specialists, depending on the nature and severity of the ailment. Applying the

research to the design plans and concept of the Santa Rita Geriatric Center, this

comprehensive and specialized approach ensures that elderly patients receive the

necessary care and support required to ensure their holistic well-being.

21
Yishun Community Hospital & Geriatric Education and Research Institute

Figure 2.3 Exterior View of Yishun Community Hospital & Geriatric Education
and Research Institute
https://www.kahlerslater.com/expertise/health-care/yishun-community-hospital-
the-geriatric-education-and-research-institute

The Yishun Community Hospital (YCH) and the Geriatric Education and

Research Institute (GERI) situated in Singapore is a two high-rise, multi building

with 428-bed facilities. It offers dementia care, palliative care, rehabilitation, and

sub-acute care. The main goal of the project is to transform healthcare by utilizing

cutting-edge geriatric and rehabilitative patient care, research, and education.

Through the development of an interactive healing environment based on

the Functional Optimization towards Independent Living (FOIL) paradigm, the

project was implemented into an innovative approach intended for patient care.

22
FOIL is a model that prepares the residents to get ready to “get back to life” and

carry out everyday tasks on their own.

Figure 2.4 Exterior and Interior Perspective of Yishun Community Hospital

https://www.kahlerslater.com/expertise/health-care/yishun-community-hospital-
the-geriatric-education-and-research-institute

Since YCH serves as the residents’ extended home away from home, a

number of unique elements are taken into account to ensure the comfort of the

patients and their families. The distinct “home, community, neighborhood, and

village” themed areas make it easier for locals to move throughout the expansive

area.

The application of the sustainable concept stems from the principles of both

practical and self-sustaining gardens; design with the needs of people and nature

in mind; and incorporating elements that are environmentally friendly, resource-

efficient, and energy-efficient. In order to guarantee that patients and staff are

always treated to garden views from various angles and to provide a serene

environment that calms and revitalizes, the project provided landscape footprints

at every floor.

23
 This innovative “hospital for the future” offers a stimulating patient

experience entailing an enhanced patient’s health and enables them to live with

special design features such as multi-level living garden, lounge, and dining space

with sky garden regions and panoramic views of Yishun pond. All these unique

design elements enable efficiency, ease, safety, and intuitive complex

architecture.

In Singapore, a local study spanning 2009 to 2017 reported a significant

surge in older adults aged 60 and above experiencing three or more chronic

diseases. Conducted by the Transitions in Health, Employment, Social

Engagement, and Intergenerational Transfers in Singapore (Signs) Study in

collaboration with Duke-NUS Medical School's Centre for Ageing Research and

Education and the Ministry of Health, the survey encompasses aspects of physical

and psychological health, social networks, participation, and inter-generational

support. Among the elderly, common chronic conditions include high blood

pressure, high blood cholesterol, cataracts, joint pain, arthritis, rheumatism, nerve

pain, and diabetes.

This research underscores the burgeoning healthcare challenges

confronted by Singapore's aging populace. Addressing these issues necessitates

the development of specialized care rooms for tailored treatment of specific

diseases and heightened attention to manage the complexities of multiple chronic

conditions. Notably, this demographic shift is anticipated to result in a quarter of

the population surpassing the age of 65 by 2030, emphasizing the imperative to

meet the multifaceted healthcare demands of the elderly in Singapore. To tackle

24
 these challenges effectively, the design principles applied to the Yishun

Community Hospital & Geriatric Education and Research Institute serve as a

strategic approach aimed at conquering these pressing healthcare challenges.

2.1.2 Local Review of Related Literature

Amonsagana Retirement Village

Figure 2.5 Amonsagana Retirement Village

https://mphrealty.com.ph/amonsagana-retirement-village-house-and-lot-balamban-cebu-
house-and-lot-near-tsuneishi-house-balamban-cebu-retirement-village-cebu/

Since 1995, Syntech Properties Inc. has been responsible for building a

new haven for nature and wellness in Cebu City, with Amonsagana as its idea.

Amonsagana sits 200 meters above sea level in the scenic Mandayao Hills of

Balamban, affording a stunning view of the west and the majestic mountain ranges

to the east. Its natural, secure location on solid limestone rock formation defends

it from eastward typhoons, and it is advantageously located near the provincial

administrative capital, Capitol.

25
 Figure 2.6 Sagana Resort
https://www.amonsagana.com/?fbclid=IwAR1-
3uOLLgcMk2FeyFr8C5G1bG9_b21tQ2OvlSWO6bFGvmUoQbIXNEaSIRY

Amonsagana's future facilities include the impressive Sagana resort,

featuring the main clubhouse, swimming pool, and other amenities, as well as an

eco-zone with recreational and educational facilities, all designed for the

enjoyment and benefit of its residents.

26
 Figure 2.7 Amonsagana Master Plan
https://www.amonsagana.com/?fbclid=IwAR1-

3uOLLgcMk2FeyFr8C5G1bG9_b21tQ2OvlSWO6bFGvmUoQbIXNEaSIRY

The detailed master plan covers 38 hectares of titled freehold property, with

a large section dedicated to road networks, parks, open spaces, the Sagana

Resort, and the eco-zone, displaying a strong dedication to environmental

preservation. The phased development strategy demonstrates a well-planned

strategy for construction and community development.

27
 Figure 2.8 Amonsagana Phase 1
https://www.amonsagana.com/?fbclid=IwAR1-
3uOLLgcMk2FeyFr8C5G1bG9_b21tQ2OvlSWO6bFGvmUoQbIXNEaSIRY

Saga Tierra, the first phase, features 66 individual housing lots for the

elderly placed on elevated terrain. This phase has already created a thriving

community with the opportunity for additional investment. Saga Tierra's name

ingeniously connects the project's lofty location to its identity, highlighting the

importance of the land.

To sum it up, Amonsagana emerges as a practical and well-planned real

estate development supported by SYNTECH PROPERTIES INC. The master

plan's environmental focus effectively communicates its vision, attributes, and

benefits to discerning investors and prospective residents.

28
 Saint Luke’s Medical Center
A Geriatric Center in the Philippines

Figure 2.9 Saint Luke’s Medical Center

https://www.hksinc.com/what-we-do/case-studies/saint-lukes-medical-center/

Saint Luke's Medical Center provides comprehensive and specialized

geriatric care services. Their Geriatric Center is committed to addressing the

unique healthcare needs of older adults, offering high-quality and accessible

medical care. A team of experts diagnoses and treats physical and psychological

ailments in the elderly, with a focus on the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

(CGA), a multi-disciplinary approach for holistic diagnosis and long-term treatment

planning.

Additionally, the hospital extends its geriatric care to patients at home

through a dedicated Home Care program, conducting home visits for bed-bound

or mobility-challenged individuals. This program serves patients with various

medical conditions, including dementia, neuromuscular diseases, cancer,

29
 diabetes, heart diseases, joint ailments, infections, and terminally ill individuals.

It also assists frail elderly patients and those recently discharged from the

hospital who face difficulties in attending follow-up visits.

To further support elderly patients' well-being, Saint Luke's General

Hospital offers the Grandma and Grandpa Club, an adult day care program

designed to enhance their social and cognitive health.

Figure 2.10 Saint Luke's Medical Center’s Central Green Park

https://www.hksinc.com/what-we-do/case-studies/saint-lukes-medical-center/

Saint Luke's Medical Center is an example of how healthcare quality and

community integration may coexist. With a strong emphasis on diversity and

creativity, its incredible path to become an international healthcare beacon is

defined by its dedication to improving the links between healthcare and the

communities it serves. The design philosophy of Saint Luke's Medical Center is

based on innovation. Innovation plazas are deliberately placed amongst different

building typologies in the hospital's layout. These areas have been intentionally
30
constructed to foster communication and collaboration among healthcare

professionals, staff, and patients. The center guarantees that the most recent

medical innovations are smoothly integrated into patient care, ultimately leading to

better outcomes by breaking down barriers and facilitating discussion.

Its central green park serves as a gathering place for both the public and

the hospital. This natural paradise provides a reprieve from the metropolitan

environment and a space for people to meet, rest, and revitalize. The center has

strengthened the community's connecting tissue by opening its doors to the

neighborhood and offering much-needed green space. This inviting approach goes

beyond the usual hospital concept, instilling a sense of belonging in patients and

the surrounding community.

Figure 2.11 Two-Bed Patient Room of Saint Luke’s Medical Center

https://www.hksinc.com/what-we-do/case-studies/saint-lukes-medical-center/

31
 Saint Luke's Medical Center is not just a beautiful space but a world-class

healthcare institution. With 600 inpatient beds and a comprehensive range of

clinical inpatient and outpatient services, the center is equipped to provide top-

notch medical care. Furthermore, it holds the distinction of being the first in the

Philippines and only the second in Asia to receive accreditation from Joint

Commission International (JCI), the international arm of the Joint Commission

on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO). This accreditation

speaks volumes about the center's commitment to excellence, safety, and

patient-centered care.

The entire approach to healthcare at Saint Luke's Medical Center, which

emphasizes community inclusion, green areas, innovation, and excellence, is a

great example for hospitals globally. The center has transformed the hospital

experience and set new benchmarks for healthcare delivery by putting people

at the center of its operations.

2.2 Related Research

2.2.1 Foreign Related Research

GRUHAM: Living for the Elderly

Shivani (2023) demonstrated in his research, GRUHAM: Living for the

Elderly, the lack of elderly people from age-appropriate design debates in public

forums. The researcher report's comprehensive conclusion is that, in order to

construct aging-friendly architectural designs, a multidisciplinary team including

building builders, architects, care planners, and dependent elders must work
32
together to create architecturally significant spaces for the aged. The application

of this method is as well as philosophically dynamic. In line with this, the proponent

aimed to develop a comprehensive guideline for the designs that enhance the

sensory experience of the elderly who are sick, abandoned by their family and

homeless.

The research indicated that while creating the idea and design for an

assisted living facility, it is necessary to carefully take into account a number of

aspects, such as the target users' demands, the resources at hand, and the

applicable regulations. The following factors shaped the researcher’s design

concept:

I. Gerontology

Researchers and practitioners may create plans to encourage

healthy aging and enhance the quality of life for senior citizens by looking

at each of these elements. Architecture and building design are merely two

fields of life where the idea of mind, body, and soul may be used. Here are

some examples of how this idea may be used to the design of buildings:

Mind: Natural light, views of the outdoors, and peaceful areas for

introspection may all aid in fostering calm and lowering tension.

Furthermore, depending on how the area is going to be used, adding

color psychology aspects might assist create a relaxing or exciting

environment.

33
 Body: Components such as furniture with an ergonomic design,

Temperature adjustments and movable lighting can both aid to

increase physical comfort and lessen pain.

Soul: Incorporating components like wood and stone, as well as

designing areas for concentration and meditation, can help achieve

this. A sense of community and connection may also be fostered by

integrating art and culture into the architecture.

In architectural design, the notion of mind, body, and soul aims to

create environments that enhance the general health and well-being of its

residents.

A comprehensive approach that prioritizes addressing the distinctive

demands of the elderly is necessary when designing a retirement

community. Thus, the proponent had taken into consideration the following:

● Site Inferences

The following criteria have been taken into account when placing various

components on the site based on the site analysis.

● Zoning

It establishes the degree of public intrusion and the private spaces available

to each resident; the zoning of the land is a crucial component of the overall

34
 design. It facilitates simple movement and builds a barrier between the

public from non-subsidiary space.

● Barrier Free Design

Barrier-free architecture is an important consideration when building

homes for the elderly. Its objective is to get rid of physical barriers so that

senior folks may live in safer and more accessible environments. A senior

home's barrier-free design should take the following factors into account:

accessibility, flooring, lighting and bathroom safety.

● Vernacular Architecture

Using vernacular design in senior care facilities may help the elderly

feel more at ease and at home. Using vernacular elements in their design,

architects may help the residents of an aged care facility feel at ease and

familiar. Through the use of vernacular architecture, old age houses may

be constructed to give senior citizens a cozy and sustainable place to live.

A range of methods was used in the study, such as review of related

literature, precedent research and analysis of the surrounding environment.

Therefore, the proponent proposed that the entire complex be planned to

provide people a setting that is comparable to their neighborhood and helps

them feel as near to home as possible.

35
 Figure 2.12 Scale Model of the Proposed GRUHAM: Living for the Elderly

https://elibrary.tucl.edu.np/bitstream/123456789/19023/1/GRUHAM%20LIVING%
20FOR%20THE%20ELDERLY.pdf

The structures are created as a blend of modern and traditional

architecture, with mud plaster, brick, bamboo, and slope roofing contributing

to the minimalist traditional style. In order to provide tenants a feeling of

community and a "home" instead of an institution, apartment buildings are

also created with influence from the terai region's indigenous architecture.

Futuristic Geriatric Hospital

As the issue of super-aging looms, the number of significant geriatric

symptoms remains such as delirium, falls, immobility resulting in extended,

intricate, and expensive acute hospital admission requiring both extensive

rehabilitation and post-acute care. Based on the study of Rajesh G (2012) entitled

“Futuristic Geriatric Hospital'', these acute hospitalizations can perhaps be

prevented with improved and timely suitable geriatric communal care.

36
 Inevitably, hospitals combine human labor, procedures, and technology

given its complex functions. Hence, it must provide a seamless integration of

healthcare standards with concerns to building planning and designing. The

research listed some of the futuristic patterns for obtaining flexibility and

expandability:

● Patient will be the focus. The hospital's design would value human

beings over technology. The living spaces for patients will provide

them privacy, comfort, safety, security and enable them to be in

touch with nature. It should be a humanizing one, which is a friendlier

and a responsive place providing customized care based on patients

needs and values. Adoption, adaptation and implementation of

technologies would also be patient focused.

● Assisted living - A way of life in the future. The assisted living

residences will accommodate residents with a range of cognitive and

physical abilities and offer facilities which will maximize the quality of

life, independence, autonomy, safety, dignity, choice and privacy.

● Change - An essential feature. Universal/ multipurpose/ modular

design would enable the golden architectural principle of

indeterminacy to be followed, i.e. enabling buildings to grow with

order and change with calm. Hospital buildings will be adaptable to

changing requirements and designed so as to inhibit change of

function least.

37
● Environment friendly and green institutions. The hospitals of

tomorrow will be green buildings, i.e. they will incorporate excellent

features that result in environment protection, water conservation,

energy efficiency, usage of recycled products and renewable energy.

● Impact of emerging technologies. It is envisaged that technologies

such as nanotechnology will impact on the hospitals of tomorrow in

areas such as infrastructure, staffing, and space programming.

● Aesthetics – An essential requisite. Aesthetics, perceived by our

senses and intellect, should be planned for all its dimensions as

follows:

○ Psychological aesthetics which includes happiness, joy and

pleasure.

○ Spiritual aesthetics, which suggests hope, contentment and

peace

○ Physical aesthetics implies well-being, ease and convenience

○ Intellectual aesthetics inspires humor, interest and

contemplative delight

● Healing Architecture. The physical environments of the hospital

should fulfill the following two conditions: it should do no harm and it

should facilitate the healing process. Exposure to nature through

interaction or access to view has a positive healing effect. Hospitals

should provide a cheerful and inviting ambience and a caring and

healing environment.

38
● Environmental Modification. An integration of a modified built

environment that is barrier free and safe, coupled with social, health

and other services can allow the older person to remain independent.

. It would be prudent to recommend slip resistant floorings in the

bathrooms. These could be textured ceramic tiles. If the existing floor

cannot be changed, then mats may be used to cover at least those

spaces where water is likely to wet. The outside path should be

smooth, hard & with a leveled surface. Irregular surfaces such as

cobblestones, coarsely exposed aggregate concrete and bricks

should be avoided.

● Light and vision. The lights in the entrances should be bright during

the day and switch to lower levels during the night to decrease the

sharp contrast of light inside and outside of the building. Well-lit

rooms and passages in which the colors of various objects, which

are in contrast to the walls of the house, make them easily visible

and identifiable. If the flooring in passages, long corridors and

pathways in the open have defined edges by the use of different

colors or textures, it will help the short sighted to walk steadily and

independently. Similarly, the stairways having contrasting colors at

the beginning and end of stairs also help the elderly with weak vision.

● Colors and contrast. Glare and extensively bright light worsen

impaired vision. Hence, the built environment should have adequate

and well-distributed lighting. Using net curtains, can cut off glares

39
 from windows. It is advisable to minimize the use of shiny floor

finishes and highly polished surfaces to reduce reflections which may

hurt the eyes. Electrical switches should be large and piano-type with

embossing for differentiation of switches for fan, light and bell etc.

● Sound and hearing. Like vision, many elderly people suffer from

loss of hearing. It would be highly beneficial if the rooms should be

provided with sound absorbing materials which will help reduce the

reverberations of sound and make normal speech audible to elderly.

Many curtains, mats, carpets or fabric wall coverings in the form of

paintings or decorations, can achieve this.

● Joint stiffness and mobility. As many elderly people suffer from

arthritic hands causing finger and hand impairments, reduction of

strengths and dexterity, it is recommended that all taps, door knobs,

hand rails etc. should be of such design that need very little wrist

action or finger grip. Most elderly persons suffer from stiff knee joints.

It is ideal to provide western type of water closet which is installed at

least 45 cm above ground level. This facilitates minimum bending of

knees and the people can get up easily without straining oneself too

much.

● User-centered Interface Design and Elderly. A pilot system for an

interactive patient communications system (PACOSY) is utilized.

The patients were able to retrieve and enter information interactively

via a touch screen panel PC connected to the Hospital Intranet. The

40
 Interface was designed for patients with little or no computer

experience.

Considering all these, a “Smart Care” Hospital for elderly in Tainan’s

National Cheng Kung University (NCKU) is among the first geriatric facilities

to offer some of such services.

Figure 2.13 Model of the Proposed Taiwan’s First ‘Smart’ Geriatric Hospital

https://highlights.ncku.edu.tw/innovation/ncku-medical-centre-with-quanta/

Dubbed as Taiwan's first green building for medical use, the

hospital’s design and color scheme are intended to help visitors to forget

that the establishment is a hospital and feel that they are a part of the local

community. According to Architecture Formosana founder Chang Ching-

hua, maintaining a bright, light-filled environment filled with greenery can

serve to lighten the patients’ mood and facilitate their recovery.

41
 Each floor will ensure that all levels have ample sunlight and gardens

for the patients to walk through, adding that this would also afford patients

with fantastic views of the nearby area.The hospital has also designed

spaces around nursing stations for patients to socialize and interact with

each other to relieve pressure. The hospital also hopes to facilitate the

integration of smart medicine in the region and contribute to the

government’s “Greater South” initiative, as well as becoming a model center

for the development of smart medicine.

2.2.2 Local Related Research

St. Anthony Wellness Park: A Proposed Retirement Haven and

Geriatrics Center in Antipolo City

As stated by Magarcia (2014) in his proposed project research, the

Philippines has the potential to become an excellent location for locally and

internationally esteemed retirement havens in Asia. This is due to the country

being recognized for its quality healthcare service, good infrastructure, service

culture, low living cost, moderate climate, accessibility to neighboring countries in

Asia, North America and Europe, and massive international community. These

qualities make the Philippines highly capable of attracting both local and

international elderly citizens who may be searching for a temporary or permanent

residence.

42
 With this, Magarcia proposed the St. Anthony Wellness Park: A Proposed

Retirement Haven and Geriatrics Center in Antipolo City. This retirement haven

was designed in a way that strictly conformed to the existing national standards

and laws as he believed it is necessary in order to attain a functional and organized

facility. This proposed residence will not only be greatly appreciated by the people

in the community due to its purpose and uniqueness. But will also be able to

provide a relaxing, livable, eco-friendly environment for its retired elderly users.

"MemoraVilla: A Village-Type Dementia Care Community Designed

through Neuro-Architectural Approach"

Figure 2.15 MemoraVilla: A Village-Type Dementia Care Community Designed through

Neuro-Architectural Approach
https://atlas-cdc.blogspot.com/2018/04/national-thesis-competition-entry-no_31.html

43
 Incorporating the principles of the Neuro-Architectural approach and

the underlying architectural concept of a dementia village in the context of

Filipino cultural values, the proposed "MemoraVilla: A Village-Type

Dementia Care Community Designed through Neuro-Architectural

Approach" aims to design and develop a village-type dementia care

community that offers long-term care, assisted living care, and day care

activities for people with dementia; research and training program for

dementia care workforce; and will boost awareness among people.

Six essential facilities—Building Administration Facility, Healthcare

Facility, Research and Training Facility, Public Awareness Facility, Building

Management Facility, and Ancillary Facilities—will make up the proposed

MemoraVilla. For the purpose of developing programs and managing

services for the entire development, these facilities include specialized roles

and functions.

The general architectural character of the proposed development will

be based on contemporary and tropical architecture. The development's

setting and sensibility will be defined by the tasteful fusion of the two

architectural style guides, with a focus on the welfare of its residents,

particularly those suffering from dementia. The form and sensibility of

Filipino architecture will be upheld in this project. The overall structure of

the proposed development will thus be predicated on the adjustment to the

tropical climate and environment of our nation. The development will have

a timeless architectural setting that fosters a sense of place in their

44
 memories, as well as an ever-changing future perspective that will enable

future growth and development plans.

2.3 Synthesis of the Reviewed Related Literature and Research

With the varying ideas and concepts derived from each local and

international research, the proponents were able to enhance and integrate

workable developments into designing the proposed Geriatric Hospital. The

notable features and concepts that made each referenced research unique and

relevant to the study were distinguished and synthesized through comparative

analysis.

The Santa Rita Geriatric Center embraces the concept of

deinstitutionalization and person-centered care by creating a single ground-level

facility that departs from the conventional hospital look. Its use of open and

interconnected spaces not only align with modern architectural trends, but also

reflects the facility’s aim of prioritizing accessibility, autonomy, and individual

privacy. The center's emphasis on a more human-centered, accessible, and

emotionally supportive approach resonates with the current direction in geriatric

care, focusing on enhancing the well-being and dignity of elderly residents.

The Yishun Community Hospital (YCH) and the Geriatric Education and

Research Institute (GERI) in Singapore offer comprehensive geriatric care,

rehabilitation, and research in a multi-building complex. Their capabilities of

providing rehabilitative care, dementia care, palliative care, and sub-acute care, as

well as their utilization of the Functional Optimization towards Independent Living

45
(FOIL) paradigm in preparing their residents for independent living, allows the

institute to provide the utmost attention and medical care for its elderly patients.

Moreover, incorporating sustainable approaches to the institute’s architectural

design reflects their goal of being an innovative “hospital for the future” that aims

to transform healthcare and improve patients' quality of life.

Amonsagana Retirement Village, located in Balamban, Cebu, is a master-

planned horizontal development of the highest caliber, where each villa is

constructed on a private, exclusive lot. The layout was established with the idea

that the desire of the people living there to engage with the surrounding

environment and one another shapes the community. Amonsagana, which

occupies 32 hectares, is divided into four stages, or sub-villages, each of which is

named after and dedicated to a certain element.

Saint Luke's Medical Center, which promotes diversity and innovation, is a

prime example of how high-quality healthcare and community inclusion may

coexist. Innovation plazas are incorporated into the hospital's design to promote

interaction and cooperation between medical personnel, patients, and other

stakeholders. With a comprehensive approach to elder healthcare, the hospital

specializes in geriatric care and offers a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

(CGA) in addition to home care and adult day care programs. Through the removal

of obstacles and promotion of dialogue, the incorporation of medical innovations

into patient care leads to improved results.

In "GRUHAM: Living for the Elderly," one of its highlights is the importance

of a multidisciplinary team comprising care planners, architects, and senior citizens

46
in order to design architecturally noteworthy places for the aging population. The

study emphasizes how crucial it is to take user requirements, resource availability,

and applicable laws into account when creating assisted living facilities so that

senior citizens can enjoy a more luxurious sensory experience.

The concept of "Tahanan: A Proposed Community Center for Aging"

reflects an applied Filipino architectural archetype designed to make elderly and

young Filipinos feel at home. It incorporates traditional Filipino architectural styles,

native materials, and a blend of past and contemporary designs. It serves as a

repository of Filipino heritage while offering a welcoming and home-like

atmosphere for the elderly population.

The proposed "MemoraVilla: A Village-Type Dementia Care Community

Designed through Neuro-Architectural Approach" utilizes the Neuro-Architectural

approach in establishing a dementia village in the context of Filipino cultural

values. The facility is generally designed to blend the aesthetics of contemporary

and tropical architecture as a way to achieve a timeless architectural setting that

is well adjusted to the tropical climate of the country. Having six essential facilities,

each with their own specialized roles and functions, the village-type community

care is capable of providing long-term care, assisted living care, and day care

services for patients with dementia. Moreover, the facility’s research and training

programs for dementia care workforce enhances the general understanding and

knowledge about dementia while boosting awareness about the illness.

47
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

The proponents made use of descriptive methods to gather and analyze data to

meet the requirements in the project “SOLARI: A Proposed Retirement Haven with

Geriatrics Hospital”.

Descriptive method of research is a fact-finding study with adequate and accurate

interpretation of findings. It describes with emphasis what actually exists such as current

conditions, practices, situations, or any phenomena.

The proponents conducted varied research methodologies in gathering data and

information which will become the basis of the study for the future feasibility study about

this project.

3.1.1 Research Paradigm

The proponents' data came from a variety of sources, including online

journals and papers, online and school libraries, and other sites. Numerous

governmental offices and entities have contributed information to the research.

48
 Figure 3.1 Research Paradigm

3.1.2 Research Generation

The researcher gathered the secondary data from the library of Batangas

State University. The data gathered are the related information including the case

studies from the former students of architecture. Meanwhile other information was

gathered with the aid of the internet.

The researcher also gathered some important information through:

Library Research

The library at Alangilan was the only library where the researcher

conducted their research. With the use of a library, the proponent gained

insights and ideas regarding their proposal. Several case studies, related

articles, thesis, and magazines for available data and information assist the

researcher in mitigating the proposed project.

49
 Internet

Through the use of the internet, the data gathered was done in a

convenient way of searching. The use of online researching has been a

great hand for the authors in gathering the information in relation to the

collection of necessary information for the related literature and studies and

site selection.

From the Internet

● Information about the micro site

● Comprehensive Land-Use Plan of the site

● Regenerative Architecture

● Data about Cavite

● Design Consideration in a Hospital

3.1.3 Design Concept

3.1.3.1 Major Design Concept

The design conceptualizes a hassle-free and patient centered

institution in combination with experiential and regenerative

architecture. It aims to establish an environment for “healing” that is

distinctive to any other geriatric center and offers a paradigm shift in

the future of hospitals. The design focuses on its three main

principles: site adaptation, sustainability, and technological

innovation. Every opportunity has been maximized to establish

50
 therapeutic green spaces with the intention to engage the senses of

sight, sound, scent, and touch for the elderly.

3.1.3.2 Minor Design Concept

Culture

With the rich historical culture of Cavite, the significant

background of the province has been considered as the main theme

of the project. In honor of Melchora Aquino, the mother of Philippine

Revolution known as “Tandang Sora”, her extended medical aid and

shelter to Katipuneros inspired the conceptualization of the proposed

project under her name. She has shed light and hope during a dark

period in Philippine history and, in her name, the proposed geriatric

center shall continue to shed the same light and hope among the

citizens of Cavite.

Melchora Aquino in connection with:

Retirement Haven

Her recognizable role as the protector who has

sheltered the Katipuneros symbolize the main function of the

project’s retirement haven aiming to provide shelter to the

elderly with a range of cognitive and physical abilities as well

as offer facilities which will maximize their quality of life,

independence, autonomy, safety, dignity, choice and privacy.

51
 The concept will provide a feeling of community and a “home”

instead of an institution.

Geriatric Hospital.

Her caring arms and medical assistance to

revolutionaries were embodied by the project’s suitable

geriatric communal care that prioritizes addressing the

distinctive demands of the elderly. The project is committed to

addressing the unique healthcare needs of older adults,

focusing on a multi-disciplinary approach for holistic diagnosis

and long-term treatment planning.

Form

Utilizing the architectural design concept for retirement haven

and geriatric hospital, the tree-inspired concept aims not only to be

visually appealing but also contribute to the well-being, comfort, and

functionality of the project. Its goal is to create an environment that

promotes healing, connection, and a high quality of life for older

individuals.

Function

Providing a barrier free environment to facilitate the disabled

or, differently abled, in facility utilization will be an essential

component of the proposed project. The facilities in the hospitals

would be accessible and usable by persons with disabilities.

52
 Time

Aside from its flexibility and expandability, the current and

advanced technology will be applied on the structures to ensure that

the design is timeless and sensible.

Nature

Essence of environment will be an essential ingredient of

hospital planning and design that seeks to achieve an

environmentally friendly hospital. This incorporates excellent

features that result in environment protection, water conservation,

energy efficiency, usage of recycled products and renewable energy.

3.2 Data Analysis and Presentation

3.2.1 Site Selection

Throughout the study, the researchers specified three potential site

locations in the province of Cavite that would be most suitable for the

proposed retirement haven with the geriatric hospital. In the site selection

process, the researchers considered several potential locations to analyze

and compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of the chosen site,

53
which is primarily situated in (1) Brgy. Conchu, Trece Martires, (2) Brgy.

Salawag, Dasmariñas and lastly, (3) Brgy. San Agustin, Dasmariñas.

Each of these sites has a different lot size, however two of them have

all uneven lots yet all three with a similar level topography. This was an

extensive issue, though, because site limitations might have a negative

effect if they jeopardize important design components. On the other hand,

the areas of sites A, B, and C are, respectively, 6.00 ha., 26.51 ha., and

12.23 ha.

Figure 3.2 Location Map of Site A

Brgy. Conchu, Trece Martires, Cavite

Figure 3.3 Location Map of Site B

54
 Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas, Cavite

Figure 3.4 Location Map of Site C

Brgy. San Agustin, Dasmariñas, Cavite

3.2.1.1 Site Criteria

In order to rate the site qualitatively, the researchers presented a site

criterion to be used in the site selection process. As it correlates with the

specified criteria as illustrated in this section of the paper, which best

satisfies the methodical selection. This will guarantee that the project suits

the demands of the potential users.

The site criteria is divided into three categories such as Natural,

Environmental, Physical Factors; Legal Institutional, and Aesthetic; and

Socio-Economic and Cultural Factors. The evaluation and ranking of the

site itself will be based on the subcategories found under each main

category. Each subcategory will be discussed further.

I. Natural, Environmental and Physical Factors

a. Land Criteria

55
 b. Accessibility Network Criteria

c. Accessibility to Utility and Services

d. Vulnerabilities to Natural Hazard Criteria

e. Site Drainage

f. Topography

g. Orientation

h. Existing Vegetation

i. Visibility

j. Future Expansion

II. Legal, Institutional, and Aesthetic Factors

a. Compatibility with Adjacent Land Use

b. Proper Land Use and Zoning Area

c. Proximity

d. Safety

e. Government Endorsement

f. DOH Compliance

III. Socio-Economic and Cultural Factors

a. Accessibility Main Road

b. Must be within Urban Area

c. Accessibility to Important Existing Facilities

d. Pedestrian Access and Circulation Access

56
57
 RATINGS FOR NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND PHYSICAL FACTORS

EVALUATION FOR LAND CRITERIA

Lot size exceeds more than 100% of the suggested minimum lot size
requirement set in the national building code and provides area for
5
another expansion or provision of another adjacent amenities and
activities
Lot size exceeds 75% of the suggested minimum lot size requirement set
4 in the national building code and provides area for another expansion or
provision of another adjacent amenities and activities
Lot size exceeds 50% of the suggested minimum lot size requirement set
3 in the national building code and provides area for another expansion or
provision of another adjacent amenities and activities

Lot size is adequate to meet the suggested minimum lot size requirement
2
set in the national building code

Lot size is inadequate to meet the suggested minimum lot size

1
requirement set in the national building code
EVALUATION FOR ACCESSIBILITY NETWORK AREA
Near an airport terminal and accessible through public, buses, jeepneys,
5
PUVs and private vehicle
4 Accessed by public bus, jeepney, PUVs, taxis and private vehicles

3 Accessed by jeepney, PUVs, taxis and private vehicles

2 Accessed by PUVs, taxis and private vehicles

1 Accessed by taxis and private vehicles

EVALUATION FOR ACCESSIBILITY TO UTILITY AND SERVICES CRITERIA

5 Existing utilities and services are available within the site

4 Existing utilities and services are available adjacent to or near the site

3 No existing utilities and services but is accessible near the site

2 No existing utilities and services but is far from the site

No existing utilities and services and has known difficulties of access on
1
site
EVALUATION FOR VULNERABILITIES TO NATURAL HAZARDS

5 Site free of any potential damage/injury from natural hazards

4 Site is in proximity to one hazard

3 Site is in proximity to two hazards

2 Site is in proximity to three or more hazards

58
1 Site in proximity to hazard

EVALUATION FOR SITE DRAINAGE

Site has definite drainage with no unnecessary water coming from
5
adjacent properties
Site has definite drainage with water coming from adjacent properties but
4
can merely be contained
3 Drainage accumulates in the neighborhood near the site

2 Drainage accumulates in some portion of the site

1 Site is mostly low and the neighboring areas drain into it

EVALUATION FOR TOPOGRAPHY

5 Site is relatively flat and can hold all possible use

4 Site is chiefly even and can hold all possible uses

3 Site is not even, but can still hold all possible use

2 Site is not even, and can only hold certain possible use
1 Site contains major topographic irregularity and cannot hold possible uses
EVALUATION FOR ORIENTATION

5 The site has both excellent sun and wind orientation

4 The site has both good sund and wind orientation

3 The site has good sun orientation but satisfactory wind orientation

2 The site has satisfactory sun and wind orientation

1 The site does not have good sund and wind orientation

EVALUATION FOR VISIBILITY

The site has positive views, not blocked by the adjacent buildings and
4
infrastructures
3 The site has neutral views of adjacent buildings and infrastructures

The site has negative views, not blocked by the adjacent buildings and
2
infrastructures
The site has negative views, blocked by the adjacent buildings and
1
infrastructures
EVALUATION FOR EXISTING VEGETATION

5 The site has 40% existing vegetation

4 The site has 30% existing vegetation

3 The site has 20% existing vegetation

2 The site has 10% existing vegetation

59
1 The site has no existing vegetation

EVALUATION FOR VISIBILITY

4 The location of the site can be easily seen and is well known to the public.
The location of the site is slightly hard to be seen but is well known to the
3
public.
2 The location of the site is hardly seen but is known to the public.
The location of the site is located in a remote area and isn't well known to
1
the public.
EVALUATION FOR FUTURE EXPANSION PLAN

5 Has larger area for additional amenities for the property development

4 Has enough area for additional amenities for the property development

3 Some variances are approved to future expansion

2 Relevant variances are approved to future expansion

1 The site has no potential for future expansion

Table 3.1 Rating Scale with Equivalent Description for Natural,

Environmental and Physical Factors

60
 Ratings for Legal, Institutional, & Aesthetic

RATINGS FOR LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL & AESTHETIC

EVALUATION FOR PROXIMITY

Site is close to existing institutional, residential, commercial, public and
5
private facilities of the city
4 Site is close to existing residential and commercial buildings

3 Site is close to existing residential buildings

Site is far from existing institutional, residential, commercial, public, and
2
private facilities
1 Site is far from existing residential and commercial buildings

EVALUATION FOR SAFETY

Low level of crime rate and road accidents within the area where the site
4
is located.
Average level of crime rate and road accidents within the area where the
3
site is located.
High level of crime rate and road accidents within the nearby area where
2
the site is located.
High level of crime rate and road accidents within the area where the site
1
is located.
EVALUATION FOR DOH COMPLIANCE
The site complies with all of the DOH's regulations provisioned by the
4
Health Facilities and Services Bureau.
The site complies relatively all of the DOH's regulations provisioned by the
3
Health Facilities and Services Bureau.
The site complies with some of the DOH's regulations provisioned by the
2
Health Facilities and Services Bureau.

The site does not comply with any of the DOH's regulations provisioned by
1
the Health Facilities and Services Bureau.

Table 3.2 Rating Scale with Equivalent Description for Legal,

Institutional, & Aesthetics

Ratings for Socio-economic & Cultural Factors

61
 RATINGS FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC & CULTURAL FACTORS
EVALUATION FOR SITE POTENTIAL
Site is potential for an affordable, accessible, convenient, sustainable and
healthy living for the
5
target users; Foreign and Filipino retirees, Senior population and other
residents outside the development.
Site is potential for an affordable, accessible, convenient, sustainable and
healthy living for the
4
target users; Filipino retirees, Senior population and other residents outside
the development.
Site is potential for an affordable, accessible, convenient, sustainable and
3 healthy living for the
target users; Senior population and other residents outside the development.
Site is potential for an affordable, accessible, convenient, sustainable and
healthy living for the
2
target users; some of the senior population and other residents outside the
development.
Site is potential for an affordable, accessible, convenient, sustainable and
healthy living for the
1
target users; some of the senior population and other residents outside the
development.
EVALUATION FOR ACCESSIBILITY TO MAIN ROAD
5 Site is within reasonable walking distance or 1 km and less
4 Site is within 2 km away or 10 minutes vehicle ride
3 Site is within 3 km away or 30 minutes
2 Site is within 4 km away or 1 hour vehicle ride
1 Site is more than 5 km away or 1 hour vehicle ride
MUST BE WITHIN URBAN AREA
5 Site is within highly developed developed urbanized area
4 Site is a progressive urbanized area
3 Site is within an urbanized area
2 Site is within an urbanizing area
1 Site is not within an urban area
EVALUATION FOR ACCESSIBILITY TO IMPORTANT EXISTING FACILITIES
Necessary existing establishments are within less than a kilometer from the
5
site
4 Necessary existing establishments are within 1-2km from the site
3 Necessary existing establishments are within 3km from the site
2 Necessary existing establishment are within 3-5 km from the site
1 Necessary existing establishments are within 5 km and above

62
 EVALUATION FOR PEDESTRIAN ACCESS AND CIRCULATION ACCESS
Site has existing pedestrian access that is suitable for 1/4 kilometer travel
5
and has existing traffic control system
Site has existing pedestrian access that is suitable for 1/2 kilometer travel
4
and has existing traffic control system
3 Pedestrian access can be constructed without major road work
Pedestrian access can be constructed, but pathway work required and traffic
2
control system should be provided
No existing pedestrian access are available that can reasonably be
1
constructed

Table 3.3 Rating Scale with Equivalent Description for

Socio-economic & Cultural Factors

3.2.1.2 System of Evaluation and Rating

In order to ascertain the chosen three site locations' qualitative ranking, the

researchers classified Brgy. Conchu, Trece Martires, Cavite as Site A, Brgy.

Salawag, Dasmariñas, Cavite as Site B, and Brgy. San Agustin, Dasmariñas,

Cavite as Site C. As demonstrated in this portion of the paper, a quantitative scale

was used to discover, evaluate, and rank the best sites for this project in each of

the subcategories in line with the evaluation and rating method.

SITE CRITERIA SITE A SITE B SITE C

NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, PHYSICAL FACTORS

Land Area 5 5 5

Accessibility Network Criteria 4 5 5

Accessibility to Utility and Services 5 2 4

Vulnerabilities to Natural Hazard Criteria 5 5 5

Site Drainage 4 5 5

Topography 5 5 5

63
 Orientation 5 5 4

Visibility 3 5 3

Existing Vegetation 5 4 5

Future Expansion Plan 5 5 5

TOTAL 46 45 46

LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL & AESTHETIC

Proximity 5 5 4

Safety 4 3 3

DOH Compliance 3 4 3

TOTAL 12 12 10

SOCIO-ECONOMIC & CULTURAL FACTORS

Site Potential 3 5 4

Accessibility to Main Road 3 5 5

Must be within Urban Area 4 5 5

Accessibility to Important Existing Facilities 3 3 3

Pedestrian Access and Circulation Access 3 5 5

TOTAL 16 23 23

TOTAL 74 80 78

Table 3.4 Rating of Each Sites Based on the Rating Scale for Site Criteria Indicated in
the Previous Section of the Paper

3.2.1.3 Site Justification

The potential site locations have been analyzed based on the site

criteria through the aid of the evaluation and rating system. This will help

the researchers in the design and planning of the proposed Retirement

Haven with Geriatrics Hospital.

64
 Barangay Salawag in Dasmariñas City, Cavite, obtained the highest

rating of 80 points based on the findings. Departing from sites A and C with,

respectively, 74 and 78 points.

The selected site does not currently have any structures hence, the

region where the planned retirement home and geriatric hospital might be

erected is free of existing structure relocation.

3.3 Site Data

3.3.1 Micro Site

3.3.1.1 Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas City, Cavite

Figure 3.5 Location Map of Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas City, Cavite

Salawag stands as a barangay nestled within the city of Dasmariñas,

situated in the province of Cavite. According to the 2020 Census, its

population reached 78,778, constituting 11.20% of the total population of

Dasmariñas.
65
 In the 1960s, Salawag was merely a tranquil barangay in

Dasmariñas City, Cavite, with a populace numbering less than 200

individuals. Over time, incremental enhancements took place within the

barangay. By the 1990s, visionary businessmen established their

enterprises, giving rise to numerous business establishments. Infrastructure

development ensued with the construction of bridges and the expansion of

roads. Several developers initiated the creation of subdivisions, while

telephone companies extended their services to the burgeoning barangay.

The etymology of the name Salawag traces its roots to a Tagalog

term denoting stud, often used to affix nipa or cogon for roofing. The locale

abounds in bamboo, which is commonly split into studs for roofing

purposes.

Barangay Salawag has undergone a remarkable transformation,

evolving from a serene enclave into a dynamic hub within Dasmariñas City,

Cavite. The population has surged, driven by significant residential

developments such as Fairview View Village, Avida Residences, and San

Marino City Subdivision. Notably, the proximity of the MetroExpress Viva

Homes Terminal facilitates seamless transportation. Consequently, the

barangay has emerged as a vibrant center distinguished by a plethora of

subdivisions, terminals, and university plazas.

66
3.3.1.2 The Site

Figure 3.6 East View of the Site

Figure 3.7 View of the Molino-Paliparan Road

3.3.1.3 Existing Buildings Nearby

67
 Figure 3.8 Local Commercial Building

Figure 3.9 Molino-Paliparan Intersection

Figure 3.10 The District Dasmariñas by Ayala Malls

68
 The site is strategically positioned along the main road, leading towards

Barangay Paliparan III Proper and Barangay Molino IV, Bacoor, Cavite. Notably,

within the vicinity, one can easily access various destinations offering supplies,

dining options, and recreational spots. Mabuhay Homes 2000 is prominently

situated on the opposite side of the national road. Adding to its accessibility, The

District Dasmariñas is a mere 1.76 kilometers to the northwest of the site. This

implies that the location enjoys proximity to nearby recreational, safety, and private

establishments within the city.

3.3.1.4 Technical Descriptions

Situated at Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas City, Cavite, the parcel of

land is surrounded by nearby properties to the northwest. It is

advantageously positioned adjacent to the main road Molino - Paliparan Rd,

sharing proximity with Mabuhay Homes 2000 Subdivision and other

residential areas. On the south side, PASSTECH Industrial Sales and

Services Co. is adjacent to the site, with its warehouses in close proximity.

Additionally, an open field is located to the east side of the site. The

geographical coordinates of the location are approximately 14.2141

degrees north latitude and 120.5904 degrees east longitude, with an

elevation of around 10 meters above sea level. Notably, the area exhibits a

predominantly urban landscape, featuring a blend of residential,

commercial, and industrial developments.

69
 LOT DESCRIPTION
1-2 S 85°58’24’’ W 350.345m
2-3 N 10°19’4’’ W 617.376m
3-4 N 37°25’59’’ W 417.719m
4-5 N 37°25’59’’ W 437.507m
5-6 S 86°55’31’’ W 574.185m
6-7 N 2°38’51’’ W 750.000m
7-8 S 88°49’13’’ E 1090.594m
8-9 S 11°41’20’’ E 230.725m
9-10 S 48°24’26’’ E 175.068m
10-11 S 11°41’5’’ E 187.619m
11-12 S 37°50’22’’ E 264.389m
12-13 N 83°17’51’’ W 349.172m
13-14 S 28°14’56’’ E 75.666m
14-15 S 76°47’17’’ E 146.416m
15-16 S 2°18’1’’ E 152.880m
16-17 S 11°5’40’’ E 855.112m
17-18 S 31°22’41’’ W 180.102m
18-19 S 10°35’25’’ E 110.800m

Table 3.5 Lot Bearing Description of the site in

Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas City, Cavite

3.3.2 Macro Site

A. Regional Profile

The City of Dasmariñas's rapid suburbanization transformed this

tranquil agricultural and educational hub into one of Cavite's most populous

cities, accounting for its vast size. It is located immediately south of Metro

Manila, and airplanes arriving or departing from Ninoy Aquino International

Airport from the west can observe its suburban nature. Although hardly

much is known about its past, Dasmariñas does have some historical

background.
70
 Originally it was part of Imus until the year 1868, when it was

converted into an independent municipality and named Perez-Dasmariñas.

Then after nearly 37 years of independent existence Dasmariñas was

reverted of Imus, remaining a barrio of the latter until it regained its

independence after 12 years in 1917.

Dasmariñas played a crucial role in the Magdalo revolutionary capital

of Imus, witnessing a significant battle in Pasong Santol in 1897, where

General Emilio Aguinaldo fought Spanish General Jose Lachamber's

troops. In 1862, the first settlers, including families like Tirona and Guevarra,

arrived in what was then a barrio of Imus, leading to its petition for

conversion into a separate municipality in 1868. The town's history is

intertwined with Placido Campos, Kapitang Idong, who led the revolution

but faced a fierce counter-offensive in 1897, resulting in significant

casualties among the town's population.

A. Climate

Based on the Climate Map of the Philippines created by the

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services

Administration (PAGASA), Cavite has a Type 1 climate. Cavite, a Type 1

city, has two distinct seasons: wet the rest of the year and dry from

November to April. In 2009, the province's average temperature was 28.4

degrees Celsius. With an average temperature of 26.2 oC, January,

February, and December are the coolest months. In total, 2,001.2 mm of

71
 rain fell in the province in 2009. The wettest months are August and

September, with the least amount of rain falling in March and April.

B. Population and Demography

The land area of the city is 46.17 square kilometers, or 17.83 square

miles, making up 3.03 percent of Cavite's total area. 664,625 people were

living there as of the 2020 Census. This was equivalent to 4.10% of the

population of the CALABARZON area or 15.30% of the entire Cavite

province. These numbers are used to calculate the population density,

which comes out to 14,395 people per square kilometer or 37,276 people

per square mile.

According to the 2015 Census, Dasmariñas City had a total of

131,847 households, averaging nearly 4 residents per household in its

32,961 houses. The largest population in Dasmariñas City falls within the

15–19 age group, comprising 39,642 individuals, while the age group of 80

and over has the lowest population at 1,984 people. When combined,

individuals under the age of 14 constitute the young dependent population,

representing 27.56% (177,416) of the total. The economically active

population, individuals between the ages of 15 and 64, amounts to 361,531.

Calculated age dependency ratios indicate 42 young dependents for every

100 people in Dasmariñas City's working-age population, along with 5

elderly citizens for every 100 working-age individuals. Overall, there are 47

dependents (young and old) for every 100 people in the working-age

72
 population. With a median age of 26, Dasmariñas City reflects a population

where half are under 26, and the remaining half are over 26 years old.

C. Population Growth

Cavite is the most populated province in the whole Region IV-A as

of 2020, with 4,344,829 people living there. Cavite's population increased

by 666,528 people from the 3,678,301 recorded in 2015. Moreover, the

population is growing by roughly 36 people annually for every 1,000 people.

In contrast, the province's population growth rate increased from 3.37 to

3.57 between 2010 and 2015 and from 2015 to 2020.

D. Land Use and Land Classification

Cavite's land area is 142,706 hectares, or roughly 8.72 percent of

the total land area of CALABARZON, 2.74 percent of the regional land area,

and 0.48 percent of the 299,404.00 hectares total land area of the

Philippines. With 16,549 hectares and 15,641 hectares, respectively, the

municipalities of Maragondon and Silang have the largest land areas, while

the municipality of Noveleta has the smallest, as shown by 541 hectares.

About 0.38 percent of the land area in the province (Table 3.2).

Approximately 50.33% of the province’s total land area is made up

of a production area. Built-up areas, which make up 39.99% of Cavite, come

next. In conclusion, 9.33% of the province is made up of protected areas

like forests and natural parks. Maragondon and Silang, with 10,266 and

73
 9,732 hectares of productive area, respectively, are comparatively

agricultural municipalities. The municipalities of Tanza, Imus, and Gen.

Trias have the greatest areas designated for urbanization. In the meantime,

Bacoor and Trece Martires City are dominated by built-up areas despite

having relatively limited land areas.

E. Traditions and Beliefs

Cavite Province is a part of the Greater Manila Area. It is bordered

to the east by Laguna, to the northeast by Metro Manila, and to the south

by Batangas, which are neighboring provinces and territories. The western

portion is bordered by the South China Sea and West Philippine Sea.

Cavite played a major part in the nation's struggle for independence

and in its colonial past under Spanish rule. It is one of the original few

provinces to support the Philippine Revolution. The Declaration of

Philippine Independence from Spain on June 12, 1898, at Kawit, is one of

the most significant events that took place in this province. It has been

considered the "Historical Capital of the Philippines" for more than 300

years due to its historical significance.

F. Religion

The majority of the religion of the residents in Dasmariñas City, is

Roman Catholicism, being the Diocese of Imus serving the province. The

Vicariate of St. Michael the Archangel and the Vicariate of Sto. Niño are

headquartered in the city. The Molino child. Fr. Mariano Gomez is a well-

74
 known parish priest in Bacoor. Gómez, a parish priest of the Bacoor

Cathedral and one-third of the GomBurZa trio was also implicated in the

Cavite Mutiny.

Some of the Dasmariñas’s residents joined the Philippine

Independent Church, popularly referred to as the Aglipayan Church, which

serves as General Emilio Aguinaldo's government's ecclesiastical branch

during the Philippine Revolution. In the city, the Aglipayan church has a rich

and colorful history. One of the earliest Catholic congregations to embrace

the new movement in the Philippines was that of Catholic priest Fr. During

the Aglipayan Schism, Fortunato Clemena became the first Aglipayan priest

and the first Aglipayan bishop of Cavite. The majority of the founding

members were Katipuneros, led by General Mariano Noriel, who also

served as the organization's first president.

G. Tourism and Culture

Dasmariñas City, nestled in the province of Cavite, boasts a rich

tapestry of tourism and culture that invites visitors to explore its historical

landmarks, vibrant festivals, and diverse attractions. The city's history is

etched with resilience, having endured the ravages of both Spanish and

American occupations. Visitors can immerse themselves in the remnants of

the past by exploring the well-preserved Museo De La Salle, which

showcases the 19th-century Philippine ilustrado lifestyle and culture within

the campus of De La Salle University – Dasmariñas.

75
 Nature enthusiasts can find solace in the serene DC Park, often

referred to as Dasmariñas' version of Jurassic Park. This tranquil haven

offers a reprieve from urban life, featuring artificial birds, waterfalls, and

colorful animals illuminated by spotlights. Another gem is the Promenade

des Dasmariñas, an urban garden that epitomizes the city's commitment to

green spaces. With landscaped gardens, picturesque gazebos, and a

captivating fountain, it provides a perfect backdrop for relaxation and

appreciation of nature.

Dasmariñas is not just a city of landscapes; it's a city of festivities.

The annual Paru-Paro Festival on November 26th marks the transformation

of Dasmariñas from a traditional agricultural town to a rapidly emerging city.

The streets come alive with vibrant parades and street dances, showcasing

the artistic talents of the locals. Participants adorned in colorful butterfly

costumes symbolize change, transformation, and festivity, creating a visual

spectacle that captivates both residents and travelers.

Beyond the festivities, Dasmariñas exudes a warmth that extends to

its residents. The city's sense of community is exemplified by the annual

mass weddings held every 14th of February, a testament to its commitment

to love and family. This large-scale event organized by the City Government

in collaboration with Kababaihan ng Dasmariñas sa Bagong Milenyo

(KDBM) celebrates the purity of marriage, contributing to the cultural fabric

of the city.

76
H. Modes of Transportation

Dasmariñas City in Cavite boasts an extensive network of tricycles

and jeepneys, providing convenient and affordable transportation for

residents and visitors. While these options offer accessibility, occasional

traffic congestion can be expected, emphasizing the importance of planning

for potential delays during peak hours.

I. Basic Information of the City where the site is located

Dasmariñas City, situated 5 kilometers south of Bacoor and

approximately 30 kilometers south of Manila, is bordered by the Imus River.

Covering a total area of 90.1 square kilometers or 9,010 hectares, as

declared in the Cavite Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 2012, it stands

as a significant first-class city in Cavite.

J. Hazard Maps

77
Figure 3.11 Slope Map of Dasmariñas Cavite

78
Figure 3.12 Rain-induced Hazard Map of Dasmariñas, Cavite

79
Figure 3.13 Earthquake-induced Hazard Map of Dasmariñas, Cavite

80
Figure 3.14. Ground-shaking Hazard Map of Dasmariñas, Cavite

81
3.4 Site Analysis

Figure: 3.15 Sun and Wind Path Analysis of the site location in Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas
City, Cavite

As the day begins, the sun appears on the eastern horizon at 6:00

a.m. and steadily ascends into the sky, throwing golden rays across the

area. The sun reaches its zenith about 12:00 PM, giving the spot with the

greatest concentration of its radiant warmth. And lastly, it continues to set

on the western horizon at 6:00 PM bathing the site in the warm hues of the

evening sun.

82
Figure: 3.16 Neighboring Analysis of the site location in Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas, Cavite

The borders of the site create a diversified and dynamic context that

is crucial in establishing its distinct character and possibilities. The property

is complimented by the presence of lush vegetation to the west that not only

improves the appearance of the site but also contributes to its

environmental quality by providing a green buffer that can assist minimize

noise, provide home for local wildlife, and create an attractive backdrop for

the site. The site is bounded on the west by a major road, which acts as a

crucial route of transit and connectivity. This road connection expands the

site's capabilities by providing direct access to the larger transportation

network. In the southern and eastern border of the site, we find a residential

development that lends a human dimension to the surrounding area of the

site. On the other hand, the suitability of land uses, as well as concerns

such as noise management and privacy for both the site and its nearby

83
 residents, must be carefully considered. And lastly, an existing watercourse

is located at the eastern side of the site. This natural river has the potential

to develop into a large source of water, adding to the site's diversity and

utility.

Figure 3.17 Vehicular Traffic Analysis of the site location in Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas, Cavite

Its strategic location allows it to easily link and adjoin other properties

via a 13-meter-wide National Rd that runs along its eastern boundary. The

generous width of the National Rd not only makes accessing and exiting the

site extremely comfortable, but it also opens up an abundance of

possibilities and benefits for its prospective use. This wide road effectively

serves as an entry point to the property, giving a clear and unobstructed

pathway that improves the site's connectivity with its surroundings. This

connectivity can considerably benefit the site in terms of traffic flow, whether

for automobile access or pedestrian movement, allowing people, goods,

and services to move more easily.

84
 NOISE ANALYSIS

Figure 3.18 Noise Analysis of the site location in Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas, Cavite

One of the primary sources of noise that demands attention is from

the residential houses located to the southwestern edge of the site. Not only

the neighboring homes have the potential to generate substantial noise

sound levels, but also the Molino-Paliparan Rd that is adjacent to the site.

Despite having great accessibility throughout the massive Vista Avenue, it

may potentially serve as a conduit for noise pollution and act as a channel

for the transmission of noise, particularly if its high-traffic throughfare or if

vehicles traverse it frequently.

3.4.1 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) Analysis

Strengths

● There are two possible accessible roads and exits (accessible

highways).

85
 ● The site is situated close to malls and private resorts.

● By employing a regenerative approach, the proposal has the

potential to enhance the connection between individuals and

their surroundings.

● The site is low susceptibility to flood and other hazards.

● There is most likely no noise around the site.

● The site is located fairly close to Metro Manila, making it

accessible to both locals from the city and tourists arriving

from the international airport.

Weaknesses

● Site’s accessibility to utilities and services including water

supply, communication, and electricity is far from the area.

● Existing number of retirement villages that might create

competition to the proposed project.

● Lacks of recreational facilities that may improve health

Opportunities

● The areas surrounding the north, west, and south of the site

may allow for possible innovations and development

● It could be an instrument for economic growth and generate

more job opportunities

● The continuous urbanization of the cities near the site can be

beneficial to the proposed project

86
 ● The site has the opportunity to provide commercial

establishments and the other need amenities of retirees

within the site

Threats

● Projected traffic congestion if not taken into consideration

● The site is prone to earthquake and volcanic hazards

3.4.2 Summary of Site Analysis

Based on the data gathered in SWOT Analysis, site’s potentials are

visible tools driven to promote a development. Having a good accessibility,

the site could be accessed to two main highways that connect to

neighboring spaces. Being situated in Brgy. Salawag, Dasmariñas City,

Cavite, the project’s selected portion will be utilized for the expansion of a

prebuilt community in pursuit of generating an advanced and patient-

centered facility.

Despite the fact that weaknesses and threats are inevitable, the

proponents did not consider it as a hindrance to conduct the study and

continue on the design and planning of the proposed project. The use of the

site’s favorable circumstances is set to be introduced in the site

development plan.

Additionally, to ensure that the project makes the best use of the

available resources, such as light, access and views, on the site, the

proponents analyzed the site and recognized the necessary improvements

87
 to be made. Potential issues that may be detrimental to the project, as well

as possible dangers are to be anticipated and mitigated through potential

arrangements, effectively diminishing any negative impacts and hindrances

that these issues may cause for the project. As such, with the specified focal

points and inconveniences of the site in mind, the proponents established

that the site will be beneficial and suitable for the development of the

proposed project.

3.5 User’s Analysis

3.5.1 User’s Demographics

Demography is concerned with the assortment and investigation of

data and information relating to population indicators and interpretation of

these data against social, biological, economic, political, geographical,

ecological and historical background.

The size, structure and dispersion of the populace must be

considered in forthcoming planning. Hence, the investigation of the

populace is significant in any planning exercise.

A. User’s Population

i. Population of Senior Citizen within the city/province

According to the 2020 Census of Population and Housing, the

population of senior citizens within the province of Cavite (ages 60

88
 and above) make up a total of 333,464, wherein 143,084 are male

(42.9%) and 190,380 are female (57.1%).

Roughly 16.18% of this total population of senior citizens are

residing in Dasmariñas City, Cavite, accommodates approximately

6.04% of this senior citizen population, equating to around 39,787

individuals aged 60 and above.

ii. Population of Foreign Retirees/Senior Retirees within Asia

According to the Philippine Retirement Authority, the estimated

population of the retirees from more than 150 nations who have

registered in the SRRV program is 75,000 elderly people. However,

that does not include the entire expat population in the Philippines,

which some estimate to be 200,000 that there are other visas.

iii. Ten Leading Causes Number & Rate population/Leading Cause

of Death among Older Persons Aged 60 years and Above in the

Philippines

Luisica and Jimeno (2021) claim that cardiovascular issues

are the leading cause of mortality for seniors 60 years of age and

above. In line with this, influenza-related deaths were estimated to

have caused 5,374 more deaths per year in the Philippines between

2009 and 2015—roughly 1.1% of all deaths that year.

As per Cheng et al. (2020), those aged 60 years or beyond

accounted for nearly two out of every three fatalities. In addition,

Diabetes is the fifth most common cause of mortality in the

89
 Philippines, according to a January–December 2021 study from the

Philippine Statistics Authority (Giron & de la Vega, 2022).

Table 3.6 Leading causes of death in the Philippines from January to September 2022
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1120528/philippines-leading-causes-mortality-

by-disease/#statisticContainer

On the other hand, according to preliminary data from January

to September 2022, ischemic heart disease was the Philippines' top

cause of death. An estimated 77.17 thousand persons died as a

result of this sickness. Subsequently, cerebrovascular illnesses

claimed around 43,000 lives.

B. Health Status and Healthcare needs of Senior Citizens

A survey covering 5,985 older persons (OPs) 60 years of age and above

was conducted by the 2018 Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Health in the

90
Philippines (LSAHP), with a 94% response rate. A doctor's diagnosis of an illness

was divided into two groups: non-life-threatening illnesses that the OP can identify

even in the absence of a medical diagnosis (group 1), and illnesses that need a

medical diagnosis (group 2). In general, group-1 disorders are not very common.

Arthritis (18%) and cataracts (17%) are the most often mentioned conditions. The

greatest frequency of group 2 disorders is 46% for hypertension. At less than 13%,

diabetes, angina and/or myocardial infarction, and renal and/or urinary disorders

are the next highest.

There is no clear trend by age for the most common ailments in either group,

but they are more noticeable in older females. A heart attack occurs in around 4%

of OPs, with an average age of 63 years for men and 59 years for women. Just

half of these older adults (OPs) were taking medication for their cardiac ailment at

the time of the study; the percentage was greatest (67%), among those who were

over the age of 80 (Cruz, et al, 2019).

In that regard, a large number of elderly Filipinos lack information about

some government health programs that may be of assistance to them, as well as

restricted access to healthcare. Determining the present state of HISs for OPs is

important in aligning the health system in the nation to achieve healthy aging, given

the rapidly aging population, complicated demands of OPs, relevance of health

information in the delivery of services, and obstacles to health information

generally. These days, fragmentation, various sources, and inaccessibility define

HISs for OPs. The incapacity of hospitals and health centers to update HISs and

91
the absence of uniformity by age group and illness categorization are obstacles to

attaining suitable HISs for OPs (Garcia et al, 2022).

iv. Morbidity and Mortality

Table 3.7 Cavite’s Morbidity: Ten Leading Causes Number & Rate/ 100,000 Population
https://cavite.gov.ph/home/wp-
content/uploads/2022/02/cep2020/CEP2020_CHAPTER03C_HEALTH.pdf

At 296 per 100,000 people, acute upper respiratory infections

were the primary cause of illness in 2020. The respiratory system is

involved in the top two causes of morbidity in the province.

Table 3.8 Cavite’s Mortality: Ten Leading Causes Number & Rate/ 100,000 Population

92
 https://cavite.gov.ph/home/wp-
content/uploads/2022/02/cep2020/CEP2020_CHAPTER03C_HEALTH.pdf

Based on the records of the Provincial Health Office of Cavite,

heart disease remains the province's leading cause of death with 47

fatalities for every 100,000 people.

3.5.1 Organizational Structure

A. General Organization Structure

Figure 3.19 General Organizational Structure for the Proposed Retirement Haven with
Geriatrics Hospital in Dasmariñas City, Cavite

93
Retirement Haven

Figure 3.20 Organizational Structure of the Administration of the

Retirement Haven in connection with the Commercial Management

Figure 3.21 Organizational Structure of the Administration of the

Retirement Haven in connection with the Target Users

94
Figure 3. 22 Organizational Structure of the Residential Management of
the Retirement Haven

Figure 3.23 Organizational Structure of the Business Management

in connection with the Restaurants within the Retirement Haven

95
 Figure 3.24 Organizational Structure of the Business Management
In connection with Retail Shops within the Retirement Haven

B. Geriatrics Hospital

General Organizational Structure of Geriatrics Hospital

Figure 3.25 General Organizational Structure of Geriatrics of Hospital

96
 Administrative Department

Figure 3.26 Organizational Structure of the Administrative Department Services

Medical Service

Figure 3.27 General Organizational Structure of Medical Service

Medical Services Includes:

● Cardio Geriatrics - focuses on cardiac diseases of elderly

97
● Geriatric Dentistry - focuses on dental disorders of elderly

● Geriatric Dermatology - focuses on skin disorders in elderly

● Geriatric Emergency Medicine - focuses on the prevention,

diagnosis, treatment and management of acute illnesses and

injuries needing immediate treatment

● Geriatric Nephrology - focuses on kidney diseases of elderly

● Geriatric Neurology - focuses on neurologic disorders in

elderly

● Geriatric Oncology - focus on tumors in elderly

● Geriatric Pharmacotherapy - the treatment of disease

through the administration of drugs. As such, it is considered

part of the larger category of therapy.

● Geriatric Physical Examination - interest especially to

physicians & physician assistants.

● Geriatric Psychiatry / Psycho Geriatric - focus on

dementia, delirium, depression and other psychiatric

disorders

● Geriatric Public Health or Preventive Geriatrics - focuses

on geriatrics public health issues including disease prevention

and health promotion in the elderly

● Geriatric Rehabilitation - focuses on physical therapy in

elderly

98
 ● Geriatric Rheumatology - focuses on joints and soft tissue

disorders in elderly

● Geriatric Sexology - focuses on sexuality in aged people

Geriatric Subspecialty Medical Clinic Services

● Geriatric Anticoagulation Clinic - focuses on monitoring

therapies to help prevent problems with blood coagulation

● Geriatric Assessment Clinic - focuses with suspected

cognitive changes and determine if the changes are related to

normal aging, disease, illness, the effects of medication or

psychological factors

● Falls and Balance Clinic - focuses on assessment and

management including: diagnosis, intervention, education,

advice and support for clients experiencing falls or balance

problems.

● Continence Clinic - assess, develop management plans with

urinary and fecal continence issues and pelvic floor related

issues.

● Palliative Care Clinic - provides symptom relief, comfort and

support to individuals living with serious illnesses.

● Elderly Pain Clinic - focuses on pain management who are

frail or have multiple co-existing health problems.

99
 ● Cognition and Memory Disorders Clinic - provides

compassionate care for individuals facing a wide variety of

challenges and conditions related to memory.

Other Geriatric Subspecialty Services

● Geriatric Anesthesia - focuses on anesthesia &

perioperative care of elderly

● Geriatric Intensive-Care Unit - a special type of intensive

care unit dedicated to critically ill elderly

● Geriatric Nursing - focuses on nursing of elderly patients and

the aged.

● Geriatric Nutrition - applies nutrition principles to delay

effects of aging and disease to aid in the management of the

physical, psychological, and psychosocial changes

● Geriatric Occupational Therapy - part of Geriatric

Rehabilitation

● Geriatric Pain Management - managing chronic pain in the

elderly and offers emerging newer therapies

● Geriatric Physical Therapy - helps older adults regain the

muscle strength, balance, and coordination needed to their overall

mobility and level of functioning

● Geriatric Podiatry - branch of medicine devoted to study of

diagnosis and medical treatment of disorders of the foot,

ankle, and lower extremity

100
 ● Geriatric Psychology - specializes in the mental and

physical health of individuals in the later stages of life

● Geriatric Mental Health Counselor/Specialist - focuses on

treatment more so than assessment

Surgical Services

● Orthogeriatrics - focuses on close cooperation with

orthopedic surgery and a focus on osteoporosis and

rehabilitation

● Geriatric Cardiothoracic Surgery - focuses on organs in the

thorax (chest), including the heart and lungs and is used to

treat heart failure to pulmonary embolism to esophageal

cancer.

● Geriatric Urology - focuses on diagnosing, treating and

preventing urological disorders in elderly patients, including

incontinence, urgency, difficulty with urination, and urinary

tract infections.

● Geriatric Otolaryngology - field of medicine specializing in

conditions of the ear, neck, head, and, throat

● Geriatric General Surgery

● Geriatric Trauma - focuses on traumatic injury that occurs to

an elderly person

101
 ● Geriatric Gynaecology - deals with gynaecological

pathologies essential in post-menopausal women aged 65

years and above

● Geriatric Ophthalmology - branch of ophthalmic medicine

which focuses on vision problems in older adults

Nursing Service

Figure 3.27 General Organizational Structure of Nursing Service

Hospital Operations and Patient Support Service

Figure 3.28 General Organizational Structure of Hospital Operations and Patient Support
Service
102
 Finance Service

Figure 3.29 General Organizational Structure of Finance Service Department

3.5.2 Behavioral Pattern Analysis

The study of how individuals utilize and interact with constructed

environments is known as behavioral pattern analysis. To comprehend how people

move through, interact with, and perceive architecture, it entails tracking and

evaluating behavioral patterns inside a place. By using this approach, the

proponents may develop places that are more user-friendly and effective while still

meeting the demands and preferences of the people.

The following legends are used to demonstrate the flow of behavioral

pattern seen in the succeeding part of this paper:

103
A. Residents

Figure 3.30 Resident’s Behavioral Pattern Analysis

B. Visitors

Figure 3.31 Visitor’s Behavioral Pattern Analysis

C. Restaurant/Cafeteria Manager

Figure 3.32 Restaurant/Cafeteria Manager’s Behavioral Pattern Analysis

104
D. Security Guards

Figure 3.33 Security Guard’s Behavioral Pattern Analysis

E. Maintenance & Utility Worker

Figure 3.34 Maintenance & Utility Worker’s Behavioral Pattern Analysis

F. Head Office Department

Figure 3.35 Head Office Department’s Behavioral Pattern Analysis

105
G. Clinical Patient

Figure 3.36 Clinical’s Patient Behavioral Pattern Analysis

H. In-Patient

Figure 3.37 In-Patient’s Behavioral Pattern Analysis

I. Doctor

Figure 3.38 Doctor’s Behavioral Pattern Analysis

106
 Bibliography

Age and Sex Distribution in the Philippine Population (2020 Census of Population and
Housing) | Philippine Statistics Authority | Republic of the Philippines. (n.d.).
https://psa.gov.ph/content/age-and-sex-distribution-philippine-population-2020-
census-population-and-housing

Aguilar, C. (2021, October 14). Geriatric Centre Donaustadt Vienna / Delugan Meissl
Associated Architects. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/781339/geriatric-
centre-donaustadt-vienna-delugan-meissl-associated-architects

Arch hive. (n.d.). Arch Hive. https://arch-

hive.com/project/64a7b14d1d230206cfbc1b33?fbclid=IwAR2FTcmLcwLFDYTzd
H42Ox_l5_SJDAYAYkRnHJkN7wbKwWk8tL8RgkI2A84

Bayer, J. A. (2017). “GOLDEN VISTA RESIDENCES” A Proposed Lifestyle Retirement

Village in Liliw, Laguna (thesis).

Bouza, E., Brenes, F., Domingo, J., Bouza, J. M. E., González, J. R., Gracia, D.,
González, R. J., Muñoz, P. P., Torregrossa, R. P., Casado, J. M. R., Cordero, P.,
Rovira, E. R., Torralba, M. E. S., Rexach, J. a. S., García, J. T., Bravo, C., &
Palomo, E. (2020). The situation of infection in the elderly in Spain: a
multidisciplinary opinion document. Revista EspañOla De Quimioterapia :
PublicacióN Oficial De La Sociedad EspañOla De Quimioterapia, 33(5), 327–349.
https://doi.org/10.37201/req/057.2020

Carabeo, R. (2020, December 16). Managing retirement amidst adversity: A checklist for
Philippine employers. WTW. https://www.wtwco.com/en-
ph/insights/2020/12/managing-retirement-amidst-adversity-a-checklist-for-
philippine-employers

Choo, F. (2019, May 7). Over-60s suffering more with chronic diseases than a decade
ago: Study. The Straits Times.
https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/over-60s-suffering-more-with-
chronic-diseases-than-a-decade-ago-study

Decal , R. D. (2019). Bicol Geriatric Medical Center: The First of its Kind in the Philippines’
Public Health Service in a Proposed Geriatric Medical Center in San Pedro,
Cabusao, Camarines Sur (thesis).

De Guzman, Y. A. (2023, September 28). Things You Need to Know About Dasmariñas
Cavite. Retrieved from https://www.crownasia.com.ph/lifestyle-blog/things-you-
need-to-know-about-dasmarinas-cavite/

Cruz, G.T., C.J.P. Cruz and Y. Saito (eds.) (2019), Ageing and Health in the Philippines.
Jakarta: Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA).

107
 https://www.eria.org/uploads/media/Books/2019-Dec-ERIA-Ageing-And-Health-
In-The-Philippines.pdf

File:PH CALABARZON.png - Wikimedia Commons. (n.d.).

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ph_CALABARZON.png
Garcia, A. P., De La Vega, S. F., & Mercado, S. P. (2022). Health Information Systems
for Older Persons in Select Government Tertiary Hospitals and Health Centers in
the Philippines: Cross-sectional Study. Journal of medical Internet research, 24(2),
e29541. https://doi.org/10.2196/29541

Gheslini, C. (2020). Vernacular Architecture. In ArchDaily. Archdaily.

https://www.archdaily.com/951667/what-is-vernacular-architecture

Giron, M. S., & de la Vega, S. A. (2022). Prevalence of Diabetes Among Community-

Living Older Persons in the Philippines: The FITforFrail Study. Journal of the
ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies, 37(2), 23–27.
https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.037.02.15

Hernandez, D. J. A. (2016). “SALVO : A Sustainable and Eco- Friendly Hospital For New
Era” A Proposed : Relocation and Upgrading of Dr. Jose P. Rizal Memorial District
Hospital (thesis).

Montemayor, M. (2019, May 28). National Geriatric Health: The need for an
institutionalized center. Philippine News Agency
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1070895

National Cheng Kung University. (2022, June 6). NCKU Medical Centre with Quanta -
NCKU. NCKU. https://highlights.ncku.edu.tw/innovation/ncku-medical-centre-
with-quanta/

National Thesis Competition: Entry No. 2018-09. (2018, April 17). https://atlas-
cdc.blogspot.com/2018/04/national-thesis-competition-entry-no_28.html

National Thesis Competition: Entry No. 2018-06. (2018, April 17). https://atlas-
cdc.blogspot.com/2018/04/national-thesis-competition-entry-no_31.html

PETSCHENIG GLASTEC GMBH. (2017, November 29). Geriatric Centre Donaustadt -

Petschenig Glastec. Petschenig Glastec.
https://www.petschenig.com/en/portfolio/geriatric-centre-donaustadt/

PhilAtlas. (1903, March 2).

https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r04a/cavite.html?fbclid=IwAR3NHXP_PRsn_Um
X0Dfvz46b5Jxzya4V0c0dg6GZX8ZXW4lxoCOU3xf9MVg

Philippines: Luzon (Population Statistics, Charts and map) (n.d.).

https://www.citypopulation.de/en/philippines/luzon/admin/

108
Press Release - Creation of the National Center for Geriatric Health and Research
Institute, sought by Revilla in Congress. (n.d.).
https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2022/0711_revilla1.asp

Province of Cavite. (2011, October 8).

http://chonzskypedia.blogspot.com/2011/10/province-of-cavite.html

Philippines: Luzon (Provinces, Cities and Municipalities) (1990) - Population Statistics,

Charts and Map. www.citypopulation.de/en/philippines/luzon/admin.

Rajesh, G. (2012). Futuristic Geriatric Hospital. JIMSA, 25(3), 193-197. Retrieved from
https://www.imsaonline.com/june-sep-2012/18.pdf

Saieh, N. (2021, October 14). Santa Rita Geriatric Center / Manuel Ocaña. ArchDaily.
https://www.archdaily.com/24725/santa-rita-geriatric-center-manuel-ocana

Shivani, K. (2023, April). GRUHAM: LIVING FOR THE ELDERLY.

https://elibrary.tucl.edu.np/handle/123456789/19023

Slater, K. (2020, August 6). Yishun Community Hospital & Geriatric Education and
Research Institute. Kahler Slater. https://www.kahlerslater.com/expertise/health-
care/yishun-community-hospital-the-geriatric-education-and-research-institute

Statista. (2023, September 12). Top cause of death in the Philippines 2022. Statista
Research Department. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1120528/philippines-
leading-causes-mortality-by-disease/#statisticContainer

The Club Tagaytay | Retirement Villa. (n.d.). The Club. https://www.theclubtagaytay.com/

Top cause of death in the Philippines 2022 | Statista. (2023, September 12).
Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1120528/philippines-leading-causes-
mortality-by-disease/#statisticContainer

University of Georgia College of Public Health. (n.d.). Gerontology. In University of

Georgia College of Public Health. Retrieved on November 06, 2023, from
https://publichealth.uga.edu/research/research-institutes/institute-of-
gerontology/about/what-is-
gerontology/#:~:text=Definition%20of%20Gerontology,%2C%20public%20health
%2C%20and%20policy.

University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) and Demographic Research and
Development Foundation, Inc. (DRDF). (2021, April). Vaccinating the most
vulnerable group in the time of pandemic: Insights from a national survey of older
people (UPPI/DRDF Research Brief No. 9). Retrieved from
https://www.uppi.upd.edu.ph/sites/default/files/pdf/COVID-19- Research-Brief-
09.pdf

109
110