Scribd
Upload
15 views6 pages

Measurements Report 2

The document describes the construction and operation of a Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC) instrument. It discusses three essential torques that act on the moving coil: 1) a deflecting torque produced by the electrical quantity being measured, 2) a controlling torque produced by a spring or gravity to balance the deflecting torque, and 3) a damping torque that acts during motion to control the speed of the pointer. It also describes how shunt or series resistances can be used with a PMMC instrument to extend its measurement range as an ammeter or voltmeter.

Uploaded by

qhtq9gft5j
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views6 pages

Measurements Report 2

The document describes the construction and operation of a Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC) instrument. It discusses three essential torques that act on the moving coil: 1) a deflecting torque produced by the electrical quantity being measured, 2) a controlling torque produced by a spring or gravity to balance the deflecting torque, and 3) a damping torque that acts during motion to control the speed of the pointer. It also describes how shunt or series resistances can be used with a PMMC instrument to extend its measurement range as an ammeter or voltmeter.

Uploaded by

qhtq9gft5j
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Experiment (1) PMMC

Inspection & construction

1 Objectives
To understand the construction and principle of operation of PMMC

2 Theoretical Background

2.1 Instrument operation


Electrical indicating instruments are almost fitted with a pointer
which indicates, on a scale, the value of the quantity being measured (e.g.
voltage, current, power, etc.).The moving system of such an instrument is
usually carried by a spindle having its ends tapered and highly polished to
form pivots, which rest in hollow-ground bearings. Indicating instruments
possess three essential torques:

2.1.1 Deflecting torque


Which is produced from the electrical quantity being measured
(e.g. voltage, current, power, …..etc.).

Td = BANi
Where:
Td is the deflecting torque (N.m),
B is the magnetic flux density (Tesla),
A is the coil area (m2), and
i is the deflecting current (amperes).
2.1.2 Controlling torque
This torque is produced on the moving system in order to balance
the deflecting torque to obtain a steady state reading. Either one of the
following methods obtains the controlling torque:
i) Spring. ( Tc  )
ii) Gravity control. ( Tc sin  )

2.1.3 Damping torque


It acts on the moving part only during motion. It does not affect the
steady state position of the movement. It rather affects the way the pointer
reaches the steady state position (i.e. slow, fast, oscillatory. etc.) This
torque can be provided by several means:
i) Air friction. ii) Fluid friction. iii) Eddy currents.

The most common way is the eddy current damping.

2.2 PMMC applications


In order to use this device in different electrical applications, its
internal resistance must be known first. Usually PMMC is used as a
voltmeter or an ammeter but the measuring range of the meter should be
extended, to provide wide ranges of measurements. Using a suitable
resistance connected in shunt for ammeters and connected in series for
voltmeters meter ranges can be extended.

2.2.1 Ammeter shunts


Low resistance (shunts) is usually connected in parallel with an
ammeter in order to extend its measuring range. If the ammeter internal
resistance is Ra and the shunt resistance is Rsh.

IT Ra
= M = 1 +
Ia Rsh

where M is a multiplication factor (i.e. the factor by which the ammeter


readings is extended).
2.2.2 Voltmeter multipliers
To increase the measuring range of a voltmeter, a high non-
inductive resistance is connected in series with the instrument.

VT Rs
= 1 +
V Rv
Where:
Rs is the series resistance, and
Rv is the voltmeter internal resistance.

You might also like