Department of Electrical Engineering

DEP50043 – MICROWAVE DEVICES

PROGRAMME : DEP
PRACTICAL WORK :5
TITLE : Impedance Matching for Microstrip using Parallel Open Stub
LECTURERS’ NAME 1) PUAN MIMI SUHANA BINTI ABD AZIZ

2)

PRACTICAL SKILL ASSESSMENT [CLO2, PLO5, LD2, P4]

DP1-Depth of Knowledge
DP2-Range of Conflicting Requirement
DP3-Depth of Analysis Required

COMPETENCY SKILLS ATTAINMENT ATTAINMENT

LAB REPORT
At the end of this experiment, students will be S1 S2 S3 S4 ASSESS-MENT S1 S2 S3 S4
able: (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10)
1. To constructs microwave microstrip. Results
Analysis/
2. To assembles impedance matching for microstrip
Discussion
using CST Design Suite 2019.

3. To measures the impedance matching using CST

Conclusion
Design Suite 2019.

Score (30 marks) Score (30 marks)

Percentage Lab
Percentage Practical Skill (70%)
Report (30%)
GENERIC SKILLS ASSESMENTS [CLO3, PLO6, A3]

Interaction with others [50%]

Nurturing relationships [50%]
Total [100%]

GROUP MEMBERS PRACTICAL SKILL ASSESSMENT

STUDENT NO. PEND NAME Practical Lab Report Total Marks

Skill (70%) (30%) (100%)
S1 06DEPF1002 NUR AIN SYAHIRAH BINTI AHMAD RUZAIMI

S2 06DEP21F1030 NURFARIHAN BINTI ABDUL HARIS

S3 06DEP21F1060 ANIS SOFIA BINTI HASANUDDIN

S4
 PRACTICAL SKILL RUBRIC (PLO2, LD2)

SCORE DESCRIPTION
10 Student can COMPLETE ALL tasks assigned WITHOUT errors
8 Student can COMPLETE ALL tasks assigned WITH A FEW errors
6 Student can COMPLETE ALL tasks assigned WITH MORE errors
4 Student can COMPLETE PARTIAL tasks assigned WITHOUT error
2 Student can COMPLETE PARTIAL tasks assigned A FEW error
0 Student show no response/task not attempted.

REPORT ASSESMENT

Report Componet Excellent Very Good Good Fair Unsatisfactory

(PLO1,LD1) 10 8 6 4 2
Analysis /Discussion All point of Most point of Some point of Some point of Very few point of
- Ability to discussion on the discussion on the discussion on the discussion on the discussion on the
present, results obtained results obtained results obtained results obtained results obtained
interpret and covered and covered and covered and covered and but not covered and
analyze result. elaborated elaborated elaborated properlyelaborated elaborated

Conclusion Conclusion The closing paragraph The closing The closing No Conclusion was
- Provideanswer includeswheather summarizes and draw paragraph attempts paragraph do not included in the
to objective the findings a sufficient conclusion to summarize but attempts to report.
statedearlier. supported the draws a weak summarize the
- Ability to hypothesis,possible conclusion experiment OR
learnsomethingfr sources of error, and shows little effort
omexperiment what was learned and reflection
from the
experiments.

GENERIC SKILLS ASSESMENTS

Subattribute 50-40 39-30 29-20 19-10 9-0

Interaction 1. Start, maintain and 1. Start, maintain 1. Take the 1. Take part in 1. Less interest to
with others end a conversation and end a initiative to conversations participate in
naturally conversation in start a when initiated conversations
2. Use appropriate eye a friendly manner conversation by others 2. No eye contact
contact and body 2. Maintain good 2. Appropriate 2. Limited eye 3. Always disrupt
language eye contact eye contact contact or monopolise
3. Take turn to talk 3. Take turn to 3. Take turn to 3. Interfere or conversations
with respect and actively talk with respect talk monopolise
listen to others conversations
Nurturing 1. Excellent sharing of 1. Often exhibit 1. Share 1. Lack in sharing 1. Do not share
relationships responsibilities with sharing of responsibility responsibility Responsibility for the
every group member responsibilities for the common for the common good common good
2. All group members 2. Often good 2. Lack in 2. Fail to support
feel the atmosphere demonstrate 2. Mutually supporting the the atmosphere
of mutual understanding support in Understand and atmosphere of of mutual
by promoting an amicable understanding encourage one mutual understanding understanding
atmosphere to achieve and promoting another for mutual and only concern and only concern about
mutual benefits mutual benefits benefits about self-benefits self-benefits
PRACTICAL
TITLE: IMPEDANCE MATCHING FOR MICROSTRIP USING
5 PARALLEL OPEN STUB

TITLE: IMPEDANCE MATCHING FOR MICROSTRIP USING PARALLEL OPEN STUB (CLO2,
PLO5)

1.0 AIM
Enable students to design a microstrip and the impedance matching with the simulation needed.

2.0 OUTCOME
At the end of this experiment, students will be able:
1. To constructs microwave microstrip
2. To assembles impedance matching for microstrip using CST Design Suite 2019.
3. To measures the impedance matching using CST Design Suite 2019.

3.0 COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

1. CST Design Suite 2019
2. Laptop

1
4.0 THEORY:
A microstrip is a type of transmission line that consists of a conductor fabricated on dielectric
substrate with a grounded plane. It is easily miniaturized and integrated with microwave devices
making it a popular choice of transmission line.
A microstrip line consists of a conductor of width W, a dielectric substrate of thickness d and
permittivity εr. The presence of the dielectric (commonly thin with d << λ) concentrates the field
lines in the region between the between the conductor and the ground plane, with some fraction
being in the air region above the conductor, leading to quasi-TEM modes of propagation in
which dispersion occurs as a function of wavelength as shown in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1: A Microstrip transmission line displaying quasi-TEM mode of propagation. The green
lines represent the E-field and purple lines the H-field.

The Model
Shown here is a microstrip transmission line constructed using copper conductor on Glass
Epoxy Material Properties substrate in CST Studio Suite. The model is simulated in the Time
Domain Solver in the frequency range of 0 – 2 GHz.
The microstrip is designed for a characteristic impedance of 75 Ω at 1 GHz and the following
parameters are of interest to this design.

Parameter Value Description

d 1.6 mm Thickness of the dielectric
W 1.45 mm Width of the microstrip line

Impedance Matching

Impedance matching (or tuning) is an important issue for:

• Maximum power is delivered when load is matched to line (assuming the generator is
matched)
• Power loss is minimized.
• S/N ratio of receiver components is increased.
• Amplitude and phase errors are reduced

2
5.0 PROCEDURE:
A. Setting the microstrip with dimension W=1.45mm and d=1.6mm.

1. Open the CST Design Suite 2019 & Choose New Project form Template

2. Set the application area & workflow

(Select the Microwave & RF / Optical > Circuit & Components > Next > Planar
Couplers & Dividers > Time Domain > Next > Next > Set the Frequency > Next >
Finish)

3
4
B. Modelling the microstrip with dimension W=1.45mm and d=1.6mm.
3. Build the substrate.
(Modelling > Brick > Press ESC > Set Name = Substrate > Set Xmin = -W/2 > Set
Xmax = W/2 > Ymin = -L/2 > Ymax = L/2 > Set Zmx = Hs > Choose Material = Load
from Material Library (FR-4 (loss free)) > Preview > Value = 70 > OK > Value = 70 >
OK > Value = 1.6 > OK > OK )

5
6
Observe the subsrate model.

7
4. Create the ground (at the bottom of the subsrate)
Rotate the substrate to get the bottom surface.
(Rotate > Picks > Double click the bottom surface)

(Modelling > Extrude Face > Name = Ground > Height = 0.035 > Material = PEC >
OK)

8
5. Construct the stripline
(Modelling > Brick > Press ESC > Set Name = Strip > Set Xmin = -Ws/2 > Set Xmax
= Ws/2 > Ymin = -L/2 > Ymax = L/2 > Set Zmin = Hs > Set the Zmax = Hs+0.035 >
Choose Material = PEC > Preview > Value = 1.45 > OK > OK )

9
6. Creating the waveguide port (source)
Need to zoom the strip layer

(Rotate > Zoom )

(Modelling > Picks > double clicks the thickness of the strip)

10
7. Calculate the dimension of the waveguide
(Home > Macros > Run Macro > Solver > Ports > Calculate port extension
coefficient > Construct port from picked face > Close)

Observe the model of the microstrip with the waveguide.

11
8. Create the lumped element.

Rotate to click the other side of the strip.

(Modelling > Picks > double clicks lower line dimension at strip > double clicks
lower line dimension at ground)

(Simulation > Lumped Element > Set R: 100 > L: 20E-9 > Preview)

Observe the simulation structure of the microstrip

(Simulation > Background > Lower Y distance: 2 > Apply > OK)

10. Start simulation, observe and measure the simulation report.

(Simulation > Setup Solver > Accuracy: -40 > Start > wait untill complete)
(Navigation Tree > 1D Results > S Parameters)

C. Inserting the impedance matching.

11. Set the stub.
(Modelling > Bricks > Press ESC > Set Name = Stub > Set Xmin = WS/2 > Set Xmax
= WS/2+22.47 > Ymin = 20.57-1 > Ymax = 20.57+1 > Set Zmin=HS > Set Zmax =
Hs+0.035 > Choose Material = PEC > Preview > OK)

12
12. Combine the stub and the strip.
(Components > Shift Strip + Stub > Boolean)

13
 Observe the stub matching circuit.

13. Resimulate.
(Home > Start Simulation > wait untill complete)
(Navigation Tree > 1D Results > S Parameters)

14. Observe and measure the simulation report.

14
7.0 DISCUSSION QUESTION (DP3)

a) Why does this microstrip need stub. Discuss it.

b) By using Smith Chart, show the d1 and l1 location for impedance matching.

8.0 CONCLUSION
Give your conclusion pertaining to the experiment.

Prepared by: Checked by: Verified by:

Item Assessment YES NO Item Assessment YES NO
Checklist Checklist
Consistent with: Consistent with:
● AST/CIST/CAT ● AST/CIST/CAT
● Bloom'sTaxonomy ● Bloom'sTaxonomy
Domain Domain
● Scheme Answer ● Scheme Answer

Nota: Telah disemak. ADA /TIADA

pembetulan. Sekiranya ADA sila murnikan.

…………………. .................................................. ..........................................

Course Lecturer / Course Coordinator / Head of Programme /
Course Coordinator* Subject Matter Expert* Course Leader *
Date: 28/8/2023 Date: Date: 28/8/2023

16
6.0 RESULT (DP1, DP2) NURFARIHAN (06DEP21F1030)

Attached the simulation design:

Complete
microstrip
modelling

S1,1
Parameter

Stub
Matching
Circuit
S1,1
Parameter
(Stub-
Matching
Impedance
)
 NUR AIN SYAHIRAH (06DEP21F1002)
COMPLETE
MICROSTRIP
MODELLING

S1,1
PARAMETER
STUB
MATCHING
CIRCUIT

S1,1
PARAMETER
(STUB-
MATCHING
IMPEDANCE)
6.0 RESULT (DP1, DP2) ANIS SOFIA (06DEP21F1060)
Attached the simulation design:

Complete
microstrip
modelling

S1,1 Parameter

Stub Matching
Circuit

15
S1,1 Parameter
(Stub-Matching
Impedance)

16
7.0 DISCUSSION QUESTION (DP3)

Discuss your observations from theoretical, simulation result and practical result based on the

1. Horn Antenna Radiation Pattern

The radiation pattern of a horn antenna is a Spherical Wave front. The wave radiates
from the aperture, minimizing the diffraction of waves. The flaring keeps the beam
focussed. The radiated beam has high directivity. An antenna radiation pattern is a 3D
plot, and 2D sections can be obtained by dividing the 3D plot into horizontal and vertical
planes. The resulting patterns are called horizontal patterns and vertical patterns,
respectively. The results demonstrate that the width of the horn antenna has the
greatest impact on the microwave dicing range, followed by the overall height of the
horn antenna. The wider the horn antenna width, the larger the dicing range. The lower
the overall height of the horn antenna, the larger the dicing range.

2. Horn Antenna Beamwidth.

In CST Studio Suite, which is a software package for electromagnetic simulation, the Horn
Antenna Beamwidth is a parameter that characterizes the angular spread of the
antenna's radiation pattern. The beamwidth is typically defined as the angle between the
half-power points, which are the points on the pattern where the power is half of the
maximum. To the geometry of the horn antenna within the CST Studio Suit environment.
This involves defining the dimensions, shape, and materials of the horn. A fine mesh is
often required to accurately capture the details of the antenna geometry and ensure
accurate simulation results. To specify the excitation for the antenna. This involves
setting up the feed point and defining the type of excitation, whether it's a voltage
source, current source, or other types of excitations depending on the simulation
requirements. The solver settings depend on the type of simulation (frequency-domain,
time-domain) and the specific features.

8.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion of a microwave horn antenna simulation using CST Studio Suite success analysis of the
antenna's performance based on the simulation results. In the era of Wireless communication
system, the Horn antennas are very useful. Besides, the consideration of the Horn antenna has been
made to get the characteristics of the proposed antenna in the X Band frequency. In all, it's essential
that while deciding on the intended frequency of operation, one need to define critical parameters
upon which similar design would be rested similar as the cut off frequency, hence the bandwidth of
the Horn antenna. As per the proposed design the antenna shown good characteristics in terms of
S11, VSWR, Radiation characteristics, Directivity. We look forward to design the horn antenna in
future for the benefit of the communication networks.