GRADE 8 SCIENCE
TOPIC 2.3
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
MS. KIMBERLY M. CHUA
LESSON OBJECTIVE/S
At the end of the session, you are expected to:
1. identify the key parts of the respiratory system and describe their
function;
2. explain the process of respiration (inhaling and exhaling); and
3. explain the mechanism of how the respiratory and circulatory
systems work together.
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS
air
air
air
air
It transport air into and out of It allows exchange of O2 It protect against inhaled air
lungs. and CO2. particles.
WHAT IS RESPIRATION?
It is the biochemical process in which the cells of an organism obtain energy by combining oxygen and glucose,
resulting in the release of carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. Or simply, it is the overall exchange of gases.
FOUR PHASES OF RESPIRATION
EXTERNAL INTERNAL CELLULAR
BREATHING
RESPIRATION RESPIRATION RESPIRATION
It is the physical action of It is between the air and blood It is between the blood and It uses O2 to break down sugar in
taking in O2 into and releasing CO2. within the lungs. cells. food, produces energy in cells and
releases CO2as waste product
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE BREATHE?
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
NASAL CAVITY
NOSE
It is where air enters.
It has cilia that filter dust and pathogens.
The external opening of the nose is
the nostrils or anterior nares.
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PHARYNX
It is a muscular tube which food, water and air pass
through.
EPIGLOTTIS
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
LARYNX
It is also known as voice box.
It serves as passageway of air
and supported by curved pieces
of cartilage.
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
TRACHEA
It is a hollow muscular tubular structure also known as
wind pipe.
It provides a clear airway for air to enter and exit the
lungs.
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
BRONCHI
It refers to two smaller pipes from trachea.
One leads to right lung, the other to the left lung.
It provide also as passageway for air to the lungs.
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
BRONCHIOLES
It is a smaller tubes with clusters of alveoli.
A CLOSER LOOK…
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
ALVEOLI
It is also known as air sacs.
It is the site of respiration in the lungs.
Each alveolus is surrounded by tiny blood vessels,
or capillaries.
A CLOSER LOOK…
GAS EXCHANGE BETWEEN ALVEOLI AND CAPILLARIES
The walls of alveoli are thin and moist.
That is why gasses can easily diffuse
across the membrane of the alveolus. After
CO2 has passed from the blood through
the capillary and the alveolar wall, it is
breathed out by lungs.
Oxygen that enters the lungs goes through the alveolar
and capillary walls and goes into bloodstream to enter
body cells.
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
It is the main organ of respiratory system.
It occupy twin cavities, one on each side of the
chest.
It is spongy and are covered by a double
membrane that secretes mucus.
LUNGS
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
LUNGS
taken in and transported to different
O2 parts of the body
CO2 expelled out back to atmosphere
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
It separates chest cavity from abdominal cavity.
DIAPHRAGM
It is a dome-shaped muscle that’s allow you to breathe in and
breathe out.
It is the main muscle for breathing.
WHAT HAPPENS TO DIAPHRAGM WHEN WE BREATHE?
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Nose
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Diaphragm
Bronchioles
Alveoli
RELATIONSHIP OF RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
STUDY THE DIAGRAM TO UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIP
CIRCULATION AND GAS EXCHANGE
Recall the interconnection between circulation
and the respiratory system.
Gas exchange at the lungs and in the body
cells moves oxygen into cells and carbon
dioxide out.
SDG 3 GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
LESSON SYNTHESIS
Today, you learned that…
1. The passage way of air into the respiratory system is in the following order:
nose – nasal cavity – pharynx – larynx – trachea – bronchi – bronchioles –
alveoli.;
2. A respiratory cycle consists of one inhalation and one exhalation. When the
diaphragm and rib cage muscles contract, the chest cavity expands. This
reduces pressure in the lungs, drawing air in. When these muscles relax
and the chest cavity shrinks, the pressure in the lungs increases and pushes air
out.
3. Respiratory system exchange O2 and CO2 with air or water, often in conjunction
with a circulatory system that transports gases within the body.
o Don’t forget to accomplish Learning Activity 2.2: Human Circulatory and
Respiratory Systems.
o Be sure to access and watch JoVE playlist made available to you and other
simulations found in supplementary materials folder.
REFERENCES
o Hoefnagels, Marielle (2019). Second Edition: General Biology (Books I and II).
McGrawHill Education pages 545-551
o Whittemore, Susan (2014). Your Body. How It Works. The Respiratory System
(e-book/lib)
o https://0-www.jove.com.ustlib.ust.edu.ph/science-education/10881/the-respiratory-
system
