Unit 4 metrology

Topic: Certainly! Here are 15 multiple-choice questions on the topic of "Inspection of

geometric deviations like straightness, flatness, roundness deviations" along with their
answers:

1. What is the purpose of inspecting geometric deviations like straightness, flatness, and
roundness in manufacturing?
a. Aesthetic quality
b. Functional performance
c. Material selection
d. Cost reduction
Answer: b. Functional performance

2. Which geometric deviation refers to the assessment of the linearity of a feature's axis?
a. Flatness
b. Roundness
c. Straightness
d. Parallelism
Answer: c. Straightness

3. In a flatness inspection, a perfectly flat surface would have a deviation of:

a. 0
b. 1 mm
c. 90 degrees
d. 180 degrees
Answer: a. 0

4. Roundness inspection is essential for assessing the quality of:

a. Cylindrical features
b. Rectangular features
c. Angular features
d. Threaded features
Answer: a. Cylindrical features

5. Which instrument is commonly used to measure roundness deviations?

a. Vernier caliper
b. Micrometer
c. CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine)
d. Feeler gauge
Answer: c. CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine)

6. What is the symbol used to represent a flatness deviation on an engineering drawing?

a. Ø
b. ⊥
c. ∆
 d. ◊
Answer: b. ⊥

7. When inspecting the flatness of a surface, what is the most common reference shape
used for comparison?
a. Sphere
b. Cylinder
c. Plane
d. Cone
Answer: c. Plane

8. Which of the following geometric deviations is related to the circularity of a feature?

a. Straightness
b. Flatness
c. Parallelism
d. Roundness
Answer: d. Roundness

9. What is the primary purpose of inspecting roundness deviations?

a. Aesthetic evaluation
b. Ensuring perpendicularity
c. Confirming concentricity
d. Measuring flat surfaces
Answer: c. Confirming concentricity

10. If a cylindrical part has a roundness deviation of 0.02 mm, what does this mean?
a. The part is perfectly round
b. The part has a 0.02 mm diameter
c. The part's diameter can vary by up to 0.02 mm from a perfect circle
d. The part's diameter is 0.02 mm larger than intended
Answer: c. The part's diameter can vary by up to 0.02 mm from a perfect circle

11. Which geometric deviation assessment is most critical for ensuring the smooth operation
of gears and bearings?
a. Straightness
b. Flatness
c. Parallelism
d. Roundness
Answer: d. Roundness

12. What is the symbol used to represent a roundness deviation on an engineering drawing?
a. Ø
b. ⊥
c. ∆
d. ◊
Answer: a. Ø
13. Which inspection method is commonly used for measuring the flatness of thin, flexible
materials like gaskets?
a. CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine)
b. Optical comparator
c. Dial indicator
d. Surface plate
Answer: d. Surface plate

14. In the context of geometric deviations, what does "concentricity" refer to?
a. The straightness of a feature
b. The parallelism of two features
c. The alignment of a feature's axis with a common center
d. The flatness of a surface
Answer: c. The alignment of a feature's axis with a common center

15. When inspecting parallelism, what aspect of the two surfaces or features is being
assessed?
a. The distance between them
b. The angular deviation between them
c. The curvature of both surfaces
d. The perpendicularity to a reference surface
Answer: b. The angular deviation between them

Topic: Certainly! Here are 15 multiple-choice questions on the topic of "Simple problems –
Measurement of Surface finish – Functionality of surfaces" along with their answers:

1. What is the primary purpose of measuring surface finish in manufacturing?

a. Aesthetic evaluation
b. Determining material composition
c. Assessing functionality and performance
d. Identifying production costs
Answer: c. Assessing functionality and performance

2. Which instrument is commonly used to measure surface roughness and finish?

a. Vernier caliper
b. Micrometer
c. Surface roughness tester
d. Optical comparator
Answer: c. Surface roughness tester

3. What is the unit of measurement for surface roughness using the Ra (arithmetical mean
deviation) parameter?
a. Millimeters (mm)
b. Micrometers (µm)
c. Meters (m)
d. Inches (in)
Answer: b. Micrometers (µm)
4. Which surface finish parameter measures the maximum peak-to-valley height within a
specified length?
a. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
b. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
c. Rq (root mean square deviation)
d. Rt (total height of the profile)
Answer: b. Rz (maximum height of the profile)

5. In surface finish measurement, a lower Ra value indicates a:

a. Smoother surface
b. Rougher surface
c. Thicker coating
d. Harder material
Answer: a. Smoother surface

6. What does "Waviness" refer to in the context of surface finish measurement?

a. Irregularities at a small scale
b. Short wavelength deviations
c. Long wavelength deviations
d. Surface roughness variations
Answer: c. Long wavelength deviations

7. Which surface finish parameter provides a measure of the depth of valleys within a
specified length?
a. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
b. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
c. Rq (root mean square deviation)
d. Rt (total height of the profile)
Answer: c. Rq (root mean square deviation)

8. The primary function of a surface finish measurement is to:

a. Determine the color of the surface
b. Assess the texture of the surface
c. Evaluate the functionality and performance of the surface
d. Measure the thermal conductivity of the surface
Answer: c. Evaluate the functionality and performance of the surface

9. In surface finish analysis, which parameter is useful for evaluating the overall texture or
waviness of a surface?
a. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
b. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
c. Rq (root mean square deviation)
d. W (waviness height)
Answer: d. W (waviness height)

10. What is the purpose of a "profile filter" in surface finish measurement?

 a. To remove high-frequency noise from the measurement
b. To increase the surface roughness
c. To measure the color of the surface
d. To eliminate low-frequency waviness
Answer: a. To remove high-frequency noise from the measurement

11. Surface finish measurement is particularly important in industries where components

require:
a. High aesthetic appeal
b. High thermal conductivity
c. Low mechanical strength
d. Precise fit and functionality
Answer: d. Precise fit and functionality

12. What is the standard measurement direction for surface finish when using ISO
standards?
a. Along the longitudinal axis
b. Diagonal to the surface
c. Perpendicular to the surface
d. At a 45-degree angle to the surface
Answer: c. Perpendicular to the surface

13. Which parameter represents the average distance between the highest peaks and lowest
valleys of a surface?
a. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
b. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
c. Rq (root mean square deviation)
d. Rt (total height of the profile)
Answer: d. Rt (total height of the profile)

14. Surface finish measurement helps ensure that a part will:

a. Be colorful
b. Have a longer lifespan
c. Perform its intended function correctly
d. Be larger in size
Answer: c. Perform its intended function correctly

15. Which organization sets international standards for surface finish measurement?
a. IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)
b. ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
c. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
d. WHO (World Health Organization)
Answer: b. ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

Topic: Certainly! Here are 15 multiple-choice questions on the topic of "Functionality of

surfaces, Parameters, Comparative, Stylus-based and Optical Measurement techniques,
Filters" along with their answers:
1. What does the term "functionality of surfaces" primarily refer to in the context of
manufacturing?
a. Aesthetics
b. Material composition
c. The surface's intended use and performance
d. Surface color
Answer: c. The surface's intended use and performance

2. In surface metrology, what are "parameters" used for?

a. Measuring surface roughness only
b. Characterizing the functionality of a surface
c. Filtering out unwanted surface features
d. Storing data for reference
Answer: b. Characterizing the functionality of a surface

3. What is the key difference between comparative measurement techniques and stylus-
based measurement techniques?
a. The use of lasers in comparative measurement
b. The use of touch probes in stylus-based techniques
c. The requirement for optical filters in comparative techniques
d. The measurement direction
Answer: b. The use of touch probes in stylus-based techniques

4. In optical measurement techniques, what type of technology is commonly used to capture

surface data?
a. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
b. X-ray diffraction
c. Confocal microscopy
d. Infrared thermography
Answer: c. Confocal microscopy

5. Which of the following is an advantage of optical measurement techniques over stylus-

based techniques?
a. Higher measurement speed
b. Limited compatibility with complex geometries
c. Inability to measure transparent surfaces
d. Lower resolution
Answer: a. Higher measurement speed

6. In surface metrology, what is the purpose of using "filters" during measurement?

a. To alter the color of the surface
b. To remove unwanted noise or high-frequency components
c. To measure the thermal conductivity of the surface
d. To reduce the resolution of the measurement
Answer: b. To remove unwanted noise or high-frequency components
7. Which parameter is commonly used to measure the average roughness of a surface?
a. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
b. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
c. Rq (root mean square deviation)
d. Rt (total height of the profile)
Answer: a. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)

8. What is the primary advantage of comparative measurement techniques?

a. High measurement speed
b. Submicron resolution
c. Compatibility with non-flat surfaces
d. Ability to measure transparent materials
Answer: c. Compatibility with non-flat surfaces

9. What is the primary drawback of stylus-based measurement techniques?

a. Limited measurement range
b. High measurement speed
c. Compatibility with transparent surfaces
d. Low resolution
Answer: a. Limited measurement range

10. Which of the following is an example of an optical measurement technique used in

surface metrology?
a. Surface roughness tester
b. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
c. Coordinate measuring machine (CMM)
d. Dial indicator
Answer: b. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)

11. What does "Rt" represent in surface metrology?

a. Arithmetical mean deviation
b. Maximum height of the profile
c. Root mean square deviation
d. Total height of the profile
Answer: d. Total height of the profile

12. Which type of measurement technique is best suited for highly reflective surfaces?
a. Stylus-based
b. Optical
c. Comparative
d. Laser-based
Answer: b. Optical

13. In stylus-based measurement techniques, what is the primary function of the touch
probe?
a. To apply pressure to the surface
b. To remove surface contaminants
 c. To measure surface features and deviations
d. To increase measurement speed
Answer: c. To measure surface features and deviations

14. What is the primary function of optical filters in surface metrology?

a. Enhancing the surface's color
b. Reducing measurement speed
c. Removing unwanted noise from the surface data
d. Increasing the measurement range
Answer: c. Removing unwanted noise from the surface data

15. Which parameter is used to measure the maximum height difference between the
highest peak and lowest valley on a surface?
a. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
b. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
c. Rq (root mean square deviation)
d. Rt (total height of the profile)
Answer: a. Rz (maximum height of the profile)

Topic: Certainly! Here are 15 multiple-choice questions on the topic "Introduction to 3D

surface metrology - Parameters," along with their answers:

1. What is the primary goal of 3D surface metrology?

a. Measuring surface color
b. Evaluating surface roughness
c. Capturing surface photographs
d. Analyzing subsurface defects
Answer: b. Evaluating surface roughness

2. Which parameter is commonly used to describe the height difference between the
highest peaks and lowest valleys on a 3D surface?
a. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
b. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
c. Rq (root mean square deviation)
d. Sa (arithmetic average of the profile)
Answer: b. Rz (maximum height of the profile)

3. What does "Sa" represent in 3D surface metrology?

a. The surface color
b. The highest peak height
c. The arithmetic average of the profile heights
d. The lowest valley depth
Answer: c. The arithmetic average of the profile heights

4. Which parameter is used to measure the average height of peaks and valleys on a 3D
surface?
a. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
 b. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
c. Rq (root mean square deviation)
d. Sq (skewness of the profile)
Answer: a. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)

5. In 3D surface metrology, which parameter is useful for evaluating the skewness of a

surface profile?
a. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
b. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
c. Rq (root mean square deviation)
d. Sq (skewness of the profile)
Answer: d. Sq (skewness of the profile)

6. The "Sk" parameter in 3D surface metrology measures:

a. Surface curvature
b. Surface texture
c. Surface color
d. Surface temperature
Answer: a. Surface curvature

7. What does "Sv" represent in 3D surface metrology?

a. The surface color
b. The volume of the surface
c. The maximum valley depth
d. The spatial wavelength of the profile
Answer: c. The maximum valley depth

8. Which parameter is suitable for measuring the waviness of a 3D surface profile?

a. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
b. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
c. Rq (root mean square deviation)
d. Wte (waviness total error)
Answer: d. Wte (waviness total error)

9. What is the primary purpose of using 3D surface metrology parameters?

a. To capture high-resolution images of surfaces
b. To quantify surface roughness and deviations
c. To measure surface color accurately
d. To assess subsurface defects
Answer: b. To quantify surface roughness and deviations

10. The "Ssk" parameter in 3D surface metrology measures:

a. Surface skewness
b. Surface texture
c. Surface wavelength
d. Surface curvature
Answer: a. Surface skewness
11. Which parameter is used to evaluate the core roughness of a 3D surface profile,
excluding waviness?
a. Sa (arithmetic average of the profile)
b. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
c. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
d. Wte (waviness total error)
Answer: a. Sa (arithmetic average of the profile)

12. What does "Smr" represent in 3D surface metrology?

a. Surface material resistance
b. The maximum roughness height
c. Surface micro-roughness
d. Subsurface mechanical properties
Answer: c. Surface micro-roughness

13. Which parameter is used to assess the depth of microgrooves or fine surface structures
on a 3D surface?
a. Sa (arithmetic average of the profile)
b. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
c. Svk (void volume of the profile)
d. Smc (micro-roughness depth)
Answer: d. Smc (micro-roughness depth)

14. The "Sdr" parameter in 3D surface metrology is used to evaluate:

a. Surface durability
b. Surface deviation ratio
c. Surface directionality
d. Surface degradation
Answer: c. Surface directionality

15. What is the primary advantage of using 3D surface metrology over 2D techniques?
a. Faster measurement speed
b. Lower cost of equipment
c. Enhanced capability to capture surface features
d. Simplicity in data interpretation
Answer: c. Enhanced capability to capture surface features
Certainly! Here are 15 multiple-choice questions on the topic "Introduction to 3D surface
metrology - Parameters" along with their answers:

1. What is the primary objective of 3D surface metrology?

a. Measuring thickness of materials
b. Characterizing the topography of surfaces
c. Assessing color variations on surfaces
d. Analyzing material composition
Answer: b. Characterizing the topography of surfaces
2. Which term refers to the measure of the overall height variation on a surface?
a. Surface roughness
b. Surface curvature
c. Surface waviness
d. Surface profile
Answer: d. Surface profile

3. What does "Sa" represent in 3D surface metrology?

a. Arithmetical mean deviation of the surface
b. Maximum height of the profile
c. Root mean square deviation of the surface
d. Total height of the profile
Answer: a. Arithmetical mean deviation of the surface

4. Which parameter quantifies the smoothness of a surface by measuring the average

deviation from a reference plane?
a. Sa (arithmetical mean deviation)
b. Sq (root mean square deviation)
c. Sz (maximum height of the profile)
d. Ssk (skewness)
Answer: a. Sa (arithmetical mean deviation)

5. What does "Ssk" represent in surface metrology?

a. Kurtosis
b. Skewness
c. Flatness
d. Waviness
Answer: b. Skewness

6. In 3D surface metrology, which parameter is used to describe the overall height variation
on a surface within a specified area?
a. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
b. Rq (root mean square deviation)
c. Sa (arithmetical mean deviation)
d. Sq (root mean square deviation)
Answer: d. Sq (root mean square deviation)

7. Which parameter is useful for evaluating the average deviation from a reference plane
within a specified area on a surface?
a. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
b. Rq (root mean square deviation)
c. Sa (arithmetical mean deviation)
d. Sq (root mean square deviation)
Answer: b. Rq (root mean square deviation)

8. Which parameter represents the height difference between the highest peak and lowest
valley within a specified area on a surface?
 a. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
b. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
c. Rq (root mean square deviation)
d. Rt (total height of the profile)
Answer: b. Rz (maximum height of the profile)

9. Which parameter is particularly useful for assessing the surface's functional behavior in
applications like gasket sealing?
a. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
b. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
c. Rq (root mean square deviation)
d. Sa (arithmetical mean deviation)
Answer: a. Rz (maximum height of the profile)

10. What is the unit of measurement for surface parameters like Ra, Rz, and Sa?
a. Millimeters (mm)
b. Micrometers (µm)
c. Meters (m)
d. Inches (in)
Answer: b. Micrometers (µm)

11. Which parameter provides information about the presence of long wavelength
deviations on a surface?
a. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
b. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
c. Rq (root mean square deviation)
d. Wt (waviness height)
Answer: d. Wt (waviness height)

12. What is the primary function of surface parameters like Ra, Rz, and Sa in manufacturing
and quality control?
a. To measure color variations on the surface
b. To assess the topography and texture of the surface
c. To determine the thickness of the material
d. To identify the material composition of the surface
Answer: b. To assess the topography and texture of the surface

13. Which parameter is particularly important for applications where sealing or gasket
performance is critical?
a. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
b. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
c. Rq (root mean square deviation)
d. Rv (valley depth)
Answer: d. Rv (valley depth)

14. In surface metrology, what does "Rt" represent?

a. Arithmetical mean deviation of the surface
 b. Maximum height of the profile
c. Root mean square deviation of the surface
d. Total height of the profile
Answer: d. Total height of the profile

15. Which parameter is useful for evaluating the overall flatness of a surface?
a. Rz (maximum height of the profile)
b. Ra (arithmetical mean deviation)
c. Rq (root mean square deviation)
d. Sfl (flatness)
Answer: d. Sfl (flatness)