Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)

Course PATHFIT 1: Physical Activities Toward Health and Fitness 1 – Movement Competency Training
Sem/AY First Semester_SY_2023-2024
Module No. 3
Lesson Title COMMON INJURIES AND TREATMENT, FIRST AID AND BASIC BANDAGING
Week
6-10
Duration
Date October 2 – November 3
Description This module discusses the common sports injuries and proper treatment, first aid basics such
of the Lesson as Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and P.R.I.C.E (protection, rest, ice, compression,
elevation), and the basic procedures in applying bandage to specific injured area of the body.

Learning Outcomes

Intended Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcomes:
Learning  Identify different types of common injuries;
Outcomes  Discuss the first aid basics;
 Identify appropriate type of bandage to be used on specific injury.
Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Objectives  Discuss proper treatment on different types of common injuries;
 Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first aid basics;
 Demonstrate proper application and different bandage forms.

Student Learning Strategies

Online Activities A. Online Readings and Instructional videos

(Synchronous/
Asynchronous) Common Sports Injuries

https://www.healthline.com/health/sports-injuries

First Aid Basics

https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/cpr/performing-cpr/cpr-steps
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NodDRTsV88

Bandages

Triangular Bandages
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C63rt-fleGY

Roller Bandages
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKzdiuseEIw

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Tubular Bandages
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdmhNbmfVmI

Basic Bandaging Form

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lv5WxDNnsEY

Circular Bandaging
https://youtu.be/hbMRHmCwL5g

Reverse Spiral Bandage

https://youtu.be/iB01jsDKyMI

Spiral Bandaging
https://youtu.be/V6Ypxm99cJA

Figure of Eight Bandage

https://youtu.be/gpHUo8rdBcc

Recurrent Bandaging
https://youtu.be/9XnAPS8gmzw

B. Learning Guide Questions

As you study the resources in Module 3, be guided with the following questions:
1. What are the different types of common sport injuries?
2. How P.R.I.C.E applied to injury?
3. What are the different types of bandages and its forms?

Offline Activities COMMON SPORTS INJURIES AND TREATMENT

(e-Learning/Self-
Paced) 1. MUSCLE SPRAIN - A sprain is abnormal stretching or tearing of a ligament
that supports a joint. Sprains and strains may be caused by repetitive activities
or by a single overuse injury. Pain, swelling, and bruising are common signs
and symptoms of sprains and strains.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

2. MUSCLE STRAIN - A muscle strain, or pulled muscle, occurs when

your muscle is overstretched or torn. This usually occurs as a result of fatigue,
overuse, or improper use of a muscle. Strains can happen in any muscle, but
they're most common in your lower back, neck, shoulder, and hamstring,
which is the muscle behind your thigh.

3. DELAYED MUSCLE SORENESS - Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is

the pain and stiffness felt in muscles several hours to days after unaccustomed
or strenuous exercise. The soreness is felt most strongly 24 to 72 hours after
the exercise.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

4. CONTUSION - Another name for a bruise. What is a bruise? A bruise, or

contusion, is caused when blood vessels are damaged or broken as the result
of a blow to the skin. The raised area of a bump or bruise results from blood
leaking from these injured blood vessels into the tissues as well as from the
body's response to the injury. A purplish, flat bruise that occurs when blood
leaks out into the top layers of skin is referred to as an ecchymosis.

5. CRAMPS - Muscle cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions that occur in

various muscles. These contractions are often painful and can affect different
muscle groups. Commonly affected muscles include those in the back of your
lower leg, the back of your thigh, and the front of your thigh.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

6. ABRASION - is a type of open wound that's caused by the skin rubbing against
a rough surface. It may be called a scrape or a graze. When an abrasion is
caused by the skin sliding across hard ground, it may be called road
rash. Abrasions are very common injuries.

7. LACERATION - is a wound that occurs when skin, tissue, and/or muscle is torn
or cut open. Lacerations may be deep or shallow, long or short, and wide or
narrow. Most lacerations are the result of the skin hitting an object, or an
object hitting the skin with force.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

8. BLISTERS - are painful skin irritations that occur due to friction. If

a blister bursts, bacteria can enter the wound and cause a skin infection.

9. FRACTURE - is a break, usually in a bone. If the broken bone punctures the

skin, it is called an open or compound fracture. Fractures commonly happen
because of car accidents, falls, or sports injuries. Other causes are low bone
density and osteoporosis, which cause weakening of the bones.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

10. PUNCTURE WOUND – is a deep wound that occurs due to something sharp
and pointed, such as a nail. The opening on the skin is small, and the puncture
wound may not bleed much. Puncture wounds can easily become infected

FIRST AID – First aid refers to the emergency or immediate care you should
provide when a person is injured or ill until full treatment is available. For minor
conditions, first aid care may be enough. For serious problems, first aid care
should be continued until more advanced care becomes available.

FIRST AID BASICS

1. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) - is an emergency procedure
that combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited
to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to
restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is
in cardiac arrest.

2. PROTECTION - Protect the injured person and the area being treated but also
protect yourself. If the injury occurs on the sports field, stop the game.

3. REST – rest the area/injured part to allow the tissues time to heal.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

4. ICE - is a tried-and-true tool for reducing pain and swelling. Apply an ice pack
(covered with a light, absorbent towel to help prevent frostbite) for 15-20
minutes every two to three hours during the first 24 to 48 hours after your
injury.

5. COMPRESSION - After icing, to further prevent swelling, wrap the injured area
with an elastic bandage or compression sleeve.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

6. ELEVATION - Elevation reduces swelling and bruising by making it more

difficult for blood to reach the injury. Experts say it is best to elevate the area
for 2–3 hours a day. Elevation to the level of the heart or above allows for
excess fluid to be pumped back into the blood vessel system and will help
prevent further swelling from occurring.

BANDAGING – is covering a break in the skin and helps to control bleeding and
protect against infection.
TYPES OF BANDAGES - The three major types of bandages are: roller bandages,

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited
tubular bandages and triangular bandages. They are necessary for:

1. covering wounds,
2. applying pressure controlling bleeding, or
3. supporting a strain or sprain.

Roller bandages are long strips of material. Basically, there are two types of roller
bandages:

 An elastic roller bandage is used to apply support to a strain or sprain and is

wrapped around the joint or limb many times. It should be applied firmly, but
not tightly enough to reduce circulation.
 Cotton or linen roller bandages are used to cover gauze dressings. They come
in many different widths and are held in place with tape, clips or pins. They can
also be used for wound compression if necessary, as they are typically sterile.

Tubular bandages are used on fingers and toes because those areas are difficult to
bandage with gauze. They can also be used to keep dressings in place on parts of the
body with lots of movement, such as the elbow or knee.

Triangular bandages are made of cotton or disposable paper. They have a variety of
uses:

 When opened up, they make slings to support, elevate or immobilize upper
limbs. This may be necessary with a broken bone or a strain, or to protect a
limb after an operation.
 Folded narrowly, a triangular bandage becomes a cold compress that can help
reduce swelling. They are used also for applying pressure to a wound to
control bleeding.

BASIC BANDAGING FORMS

Each bandaging technique consists of various basic forms of bandaging. The following
five basic forms of bandaging can be used to apply most types of bandages:

1. circular bandaging
2. spiral bandaging
3. figure-of-eight bandaging
4. recurrent bandaging
5. reverse spiral bandage

CIRCULAR BANDAGING - is used to hold dressings on body parts such as arms, legs,
chest or abdomen or for starting others bandaging techniques.

In the circular bandaging technique, the layers of bandage are applied over the top of
each other:

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

 With the roll on the inner aspect, unroll the bandage either toward you or
laterally, holding the loose end until it is secured by the first circle of the
bandage.
 Two or three turns may be needed to cover an area adequately. Hold the
bandage in place with tape or a clip.

Almost all bandaging techniques start and end with a few circular bandaging
turns.

SPIRAL BANDAGES - are usually used for cylindrical parts of the body. An elasticated
bandage can also be used to apply spiral bandaging to a tapered body part. Despite the
increasing diameter of the body part, the elasticity will allow the bandage to fit
closely to the skin.

With each spiral turn, part of the preceding turn is covered generally by 1/3 of the
width of the bandage.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Spiral Bandage

FIGURE-OF-EIGHT BANDAGE - involves two turns, with the strips of bandage

crossing each other at the side where the joint flexes or extends. It is usually used to
bind a flexing joint or body part below and above the joint.

The figure-of-eight bandage can be applied using a roller bandage in two ways:

 Following a circular turn around the middle of the joint, the bandage should
fan out upwards and downwards. The turns should cross at the side where the
limb flexes.
 The figure-of-eight turns can also be applied from a starting point located
below or above the joint crease, working towards the joint itself. The cross-
over points will be located at either the flexing or extending side of the joint;
the side where the turns do not cross remains uncovered.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

RECURRENT BANDAGING - is used for blunt body parts consists partly of recurrent
turns. The bandage is applied repeatedly from one side across the top to the other side
of the blunt body part. To be able to fix the recurrent turns well, not only the wound,
but the entire length of the blunt body part should be covered. Depending on the width
of the bandage and the body part, successive turns either cover the preceding turn
fully or partially. Recurrent bandages are fixed using circular or spiral turns.

Recurrent Bandage

REVERSE SPIRAL BANDAGE - is a spiral bandage where the bandage is folded back
on itself by 180° after each turn. This V-shaped fold allows the bandage to fit to the
tapered shape of the body part all the way along. This type of bandaging is required
when using non-elasticated bandages. The development of elasticated fixing bandages,
which are applied to tapered body parts using the spiral technique, means that the
reverse spiral technique is far less commonly used nowadays.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Reverse spiral bandage

APPROPRIATE BANDAGE MATERIAL FOR SPECIFIC INJURY.

– Use gauze or a flex roller for bleeding injuries of the forearm, upper arm, thigh,
and lower leg.

– Use a flexible roller bandage for bleeding injuries of the hand, wrist, elbow,
shoulder, knee, ankle, and foot.

– Use an elastic roller bandage for amputations, arterial bleeding and sprains.
It is best to use a bandage with some degree of stretch in the weave. This will make
the bandage

APPROPRIATE WIDTH OF BANDAGE - The width of the bandage to use is

determined by the size of the part to be covered. As a general guide, the following
widths are recommended:

– Hand and fingers – 50 mm

– Lower arm, elbow, hand and foot – 75 mm.

– Upper arm, knee and lower leg – 100 mm.

– Large leg or trunk – 150 mm.

BANDAGE APPLICATION TO SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Performance Task

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

PT 1

COMMON INJURIES AND TREATMENT

Common injuries and treatment: Photo Assessment.

https://youtu.be/dX5k5fgDBqk

Based on the photo above. 1) Assess what type of injury the player will incur. 2) based on your assessment,
what basic treatment that you will going to apply? elaborate your answer.

PT 2

FIRST AID BASIC

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

Procedure:
1. You need a model/partner for this activity. (either human, or improvise materials such as,
pillow, teddy bear, mannequin, etc).
2. Actual performing the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited
PT 3

BANDAGING
Actual Bandaging

Procedure:
1. You need a model/partner for this activity. (either human, or improvise materials such as, teddy
bear, mannequin, etc).
2. Choose 1 specific part of the body
3. Apply bandage on that particular body part

Note: no need to buy bandage, big handkerchief, soft long fabric, and stretchable fabric will do.

Understanding Directed Assess

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Learning Resources

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Davis, R.J.,Bull, C.R., Roscoe, J.V., and Roscoe, D.A. 1996. Physical Education and the Study of Sports
(second edition). Times Mirror International Publisher Limited. Barcelona, Spain. pp. 126-137.

O’connor, F.G., Sallis, R.E., Wilder, R>P., and Pierre, P.ST. 2005. Sports Medicine, Just the Fact. McGrow
Hill Companies, Inc. USA. pp. 42-45.

Lojpur, M. 2019. Dressing and Bandage. Saint Louis University, Philippines.

https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/saint-louis-university-philippines/bachelor-of-
science-in-nursing/other/dr-lojpur-dressing-and-bandage/9004045/view

Prepared by: Reviewed: Approved:

NIKKO LEE L. DANDAN RODOLFO A. IGNACIO III, MPES JEROME S. NICOLAS, PhD
Professor/Instructor Program Coordinator Dean/Associate Dean
Contact #: 0955-207-2533 Contact #: 0919-009-1232 Contact #: ________________
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: ________________

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY