CHAPTER-4
MAGNETISM AND MATTER
1-MARK NCERT QUESTIONS
1. Give the position of a magnetic dipole held in a magnetic field, where its potential energy is minimum.
2. Name the elements of earth’s magnetic field.
3. Define magnetic moment of a dipole and give its S.I. unit.
4. Give one difference between diamagnetic, ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials.
5. Can two magnetic lines of force ever intersect? Justify your answer.
6. Give one example each of ferromagnetics, paramagnetics and diamagnetics.
7. Why the pole pieces of a magnet made concave?
8. Write mathematical form of tangent law.
9. What is the value of angle of dip at any place situated on the magnetic equator of the earth?
10. Which direction would a compass point to if located right on the geometrical north or south pole?
11. What is the angle of dip at a place where the horizontal and vertical components of earth’s magnetic field are equal?
12. What type of magnetic material is used in making permanent magnets?
13. How does the intensity of magnetisation of a paramagnetic material vary with increasing applied magnetic field?
14. The angle of dip at two places on the surface of the earth are respectively 0° and 90°. Where are these places located?
15. Horizontal component of Earth’s magnetic field at a place is 3 times the vertical component. What is the value of angle of dip at this place?
16. Mention two properties of the alloy from which permanent magnets are made.
17. Why do magnetic lines of force prefer to pass through ferromagnetic substances than through air?
18. What is reduction factor of galvanometer?
19. State tangent law in magnetism.
20. Define para-magnetic substances.
21. Name any two diamagnetic substances.
22. What is the angle of dip at a place where the horizontal and vertical components of earth’s magnetic field are equal?
23. In which direction would a compass needle align if taken to geographic (i) North and (ii) South pole?
24. How does the intensity of magnetisation of paramagnetic sample vary with temperature?
25. Write the formula for magnetic moment of a current loop.
26. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 5 Am2 is 20 cm apart. Calculate the pole strength.
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27. If the ratio of horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field to the resultant magnetic field at a place is , what is the angle of dip at that place?
2
2-MARKS
28. Define dip and tangent law in magnetism.
29. Draw a diagram showing lines of magnetic field around a bar magnet placed along the magnetic meridian, with its, north pole pointing towards the
geographical north.
30. Define angle of dip at a given place. What is the value of the angle of dip on the equator?
31. Derive tangent law in magnetism.
32. State and illustrate Curie law in magnetism.
33. Compare the magnetic field of a Bar magnet and a solenoid.
34. What is probable cause of earth’s magnetism?
35. Define the terms magnetic inclination and horizontal component of Earth’s magnetic field at a place. Establish the relationship between the two with the
help of a diagram.
36. Define the terms ‘angle of dip’ and ‘magnetic ‘declination’. The angle of dip at a place in Kerala is 18°. Will its value be more or less at a place in Kashmir?
Give reason.
37. Define the terms ‘magnetic inclination’ and ‘horizontal component’ of earth’s magnetic field at a place. Establish the relation between them.
38. A magnetised needle suspended freely in a uniform magnetic field experiences a torque but no net force. An iorn nail near a bar magnet, however
experiences a force of attraction in addition to torque. Why?
39. Define ‘Intensity of magnetisation’ of a magnetic material. How does it vary with temperature for a paramagnetic material?
40. A bar magnet of magnetic moment M is aligned parallel to the direction of uniform magnetic field B. What is the work done, to turn the magnets, so as to
align its magnetic moment::
(i) opposite to the field direction and
(ii) normal to the field direction?
41. Define the term ‘angle of dip’. Derive the relation between angle of dip and the resultant magnetic field of earth at a place.
42. A magnet makes angular oscillations in a horizontal plane with time periods T1 and T2 at two places, where the horizontal components of earth’ magnetic
field are BH and BH’ respectively. Deduce an expression to compare the horizontal components at the two places.
43. The susceptibility of a magnetic material is –0.9853. Identify the type of the magnetic material. Draw the modification of field pattern on keeping a piece
of this material in a uniform a magnetic field. Draw the modified field pattern.
44. The susceptibility of a magnetic material is 0.9853. Identify the type of the magnetic material. Draw the modification of field pattern on keeping a piece of
this material in a uniform magnetic field.
45. A magnetized needle in a uniform magnetic field experiences a torque but no net force. An iron nail near a bar magnet, however, experiences a force of
attraction in addition to a torque. Why?
46. Distinguish between a diamagnetic substance and a paramagnetic substance stating two points of difference.
47. Define angle of dip. Deduce the relation connecting angle of dip and horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field at a place.
48. Define the terms: ‘Intensity of magnetisation’ and ‘magnetic permeability of a magnetic material’. State two essential characteristics of a magnetic
material to be used in preparing a permanent magnet.
49. Define the term ‘angle of dip’. What is the value of angle of dip at the magnetic equator? What does it mean?
50. How will you distinguish a diamagnetic substance from a paramagnetic substance in respect of their behaviour in a uniform and non-uniform field?
51. Write any three characteristics, a ferromagnetic substance should possess, if it is to be used to make permanent magnet. Give one example of such
material.
52. A magnetic needle free to rotate in a vertical position orients itself with its axis horizontal at a certain place on the earth. What are the values of (i) angle
of dip and (ii) horizontal component of earth’s field at this place? Where will this place be on earth?
53. Define neutral point. Draw magnetic lines of force when two identical magnets are placed at a finite distance apart with their N-poles facing each other.
Locate the neutral point.
54. Define neutral point. Draw magnetic lines of force when two identical magnets are placed at a finite distance apart with their S-poles facing each other.
Locate the neutral point.
55. A magnetic needle free to rotate in a vertical position orients itself with its axis horizontal at a certain place on the earth. What are the values of (i) angle
of dip and (ii) horizontal component of earth’s field at this place? Where will this place be on earth?
56. Define neutral point. Sketch the lines of magnetic field when a small bar magnet is placed with N- pole towards south of the earth. Indicate the position
of neutral points.
57. Horizontal and Vertical component of magnetic field when a small bar magnet is placed with N-pole towards south of the earth. Indicate the position of
neutral points.
58. A short bar magnet of magnetic field experiences a torque of magnitude 0.63 J. Find the strength of the magnetic field experiences a torque of magnitude
0.063 J. Fine the strength of the magnetic field.
59. The horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field is 0.2 gauss and total magnetic field is 0.4 gauss. Find the angle of dip.
60. You are given two identically looking bars A and B One of these is a bar magnet and the other an ordinary piece of iron. Give an experiment to identify
which one of the two is a bar magnet. Your are not to use any additional materials for the experiment.
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61. The vertical component of earth’s magnetic field at a place is times the horizo9ntal component. What is the value of angle of dip at this place?
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62. A coil of 200 turns has a cross-sectional area 900 mm2. It carries a current of 2 ampere. That plane of the coil is perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field
of 0.5 T. calculate (i) the magnetic moment of the coil and (ii) the torque acting on the coil.
63. A magnetized needle is placed 30° with the direction of uniform magnetic field of intensity 3 × 10–2 T. The torque acting on the needle is 7.2 × 10–4 J.
Calculate the torque acting on the needle.
64. A magnetized needle of magnetic moment 4.8 × 10–2 IT–1 is placed at 30° with the direction of uniform magnetic field of magnitude 3 × 10–2 T. Calculate
the torque acting on the needle.]
65. A magnetized needle of magnetic moment 4.8 × 10–2 JT–1 is placed at 30° with the direction of uniform magnetic field. The torque acting on the needle is
7.2 × 10–4 J. Calculate the magnitude of magnetic field.
66. A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 30° to a uniform magnetic field of 0.2 T experiences a torque of 0.060 Nm (i) Calculate magnetic moment of the
magnet and (ii) find out what orientation of the magnet corresponds to its stable equilibrium in the magnetic field.
67. A magnetic compass needle of magnetic moment 60 Am2 is placed at a place. The needle points towards the geographical north. Using the data given
below, find the value of declination at the place. Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field = 40 × 10–6 Wb m–2 and torque experienced by the needle
= 1.2 × 10–3 Nm.
3-MARKS
68. Define the terms magnetic declination and dip angle. Value of dip at a place in south India is 18°. Will it be more or less in England?
69. Classify materials on the basis of their behaviour in a magnetic field. Under which category does iron come? How does the magnetic property of iron
change with increase of temperature?
70. Name the elements of earth’s magnetic field at a place. Explain their meaning.
71. Define neutral point. Locate the positions of neutral points when a small bar magnet is place with its north pole:
(i) towards north of the earth and (ii) towards south of the earth.
72. What is gauss law in magnetism? What does it signify?
73. What are magnetic elements of earth? Explain them briefly.
74. How does the angle of dip vary as one moves from the equator towards the North Pole? If the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field at a place
where the angle of dip is 60° is 0.4 × 10–4 tesla, calculate the vertical component and the resultant magnetic field of earth at that point.
75. A short bar magnet of magnetic moment 0.9 JT–1. is placed with its axis at 45° to a uniform magnetic field. If it experiences a torque of 0.063 joule, (i)
Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic field and (ii) What orientation of the bar magnet corresponds to the stable equilibrium position in the magnetic
field?
76. A short bar magnet of magnetic moment 0.9 JT–1. is placed with its axis at 30° to a uniform magnetic field. It experiences a torque of 0.063 joule, (i) Find
the strength of the magnetic field, and (ii) What orientation of the bar magnet corresponds to the stable equilibrium position in the magnetic field?
ANSWERS
26. 25 A-m
27. 45°
57. 0.44 Gauss
58. 9.9 × 10–2 Tesla
59. 60°
60. 30°
61. 30°
62. (i) 36 × 10–2 Am2
(ii) 18 × 10–2 Nm
63. 4.8 × 10–2 JT–1
64. 7.2 × 10–4 J
65. 3 × 10–2 T
66. (i) 0.6 J/T; (ii) q = 0°
74. 0.69 × 10–4 T, 0.8 × 10–4 T
75. (i) 0.098 T (ii) t = 0
