Chemistry

ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Class 12 - Chemistry

Section A
1. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [5]
Molar conductivity of ions are given as product of charge on ions to their ionic mobilities and Faradays constant.

λ
A
n+ = nμ
A
n+ F (here μ is the ionic mobility of An+).
For electrolytes say AxBy, molar conductivity is given by
λm(A
x By )
=x n μAn+ F + ym λ
A
m− F

Ions Ionic mobility

na
K+ 7.616 × 10-4

Ca2+ 12.33 × 10-4

Br- 8.09 × 10-4

ata
kh
16.58 × 10-4
2−
SO
4

(i) At infinite dilution, the equivalent conductance of CaSO4 is

a) 279 b) 256 × 10-4

rav

c) 2.0 × 10-8 d) 23.7

(ii) If the degree of dissociation of CaSO4 solution is 10% then equivalent conductance of CaSO4 is
u

a) 30.6 b) 36.9
Ga

c) 3.59 d) 27.9
(iii) The correct order of equivalent conductance at infinite dilution of LiCl, NaCl, KCl is

a) LiCl > NaCl > KCl b) LiCl = NaCl = KCl

c) KCl > LiCl > NaCl d) KCl > NaCl > LiCl
(iv) What is the unit of equivalent conductivity?

a) ohm-1 cm2 eq-1 b) ohm cm2 eq-1

c) ohm cm-2 eq-1 d) ohm-1 cm eq-1

(v) If the molar conductance value of Ca2+ and Cl- at infinite dilution are 118.88 × 10-4 m2 mho mol-1 and

77.33 × 10-4 m2 mho mol-1 respectively then the molar conductance of CaCl2 (in m2 mho mol-1) will be

a) 273.54 × 10-4 b) 192.1 × 10-4

c) 120.18 × 10-4 d) 135 × 10-4

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2. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [5]
All chemical reactions involve interaction of atoms and molecules. A large number of atoms/molecules are
present in a few gram of any chemical compound varying with their atomic/molecular masses. To handle such
large number conveniently, the mole concept was introduced. All electrochemical cell reactions are also based
on mole concept. For example, a 4.0 molar aqueous solution of NaCl is prepared and 500 mL of this solution is
electrolysed. This leads to the evolution of chlorine gas at one of the electrode. The amount of products formed
can be calculated by using mole concept.
(i) The total number of moles of chlorine gas evolved is

a) 1.0 b) 0.5

c) 1.9 d) 1.5
(ii) If cathode is a Hg electrode, then the maximum weight of amalgam formed from this solution is

a) 396 g b) 300 g

c) 446 g d) 296 g

na
(iii) The total charge (coulomb) required for complete electrolysis is

a) 24125 b) 48296

(iv)
c) 186000
ata d) 193000
In the electrolysis, the number of moles of electrons involved are
kh
a) 2 b) 1

c) 3 d) 4
(v) In electrolysis of aqueous NaCl solution when Pt electrode is taken, then which gas is liberated at cathode?
rav

a) None of these b) Cl2 gas

c) H2 gas d) O2 gas
u

Section B
Ga

3. How much charge is required for the reduction of 1 mol of M nO to M n −

4
2+
? [1]

a) 6F b) 5F

c) 4F d) 3F
4. The hydrogen electrode is dipped in a solution of pH 3 at 25°C. The potential would be (the value of 2.303 RT/F [1]
is 0.059 V)

a) 0.087 V b) 0.059 V

c) -0.177 V d) 0.177 V
5. The standard electrode potential for the half cell reactions are [1]
Zn
++
+ 2e
−
→ Zn , E0 = -0.76V
Fe
++
+ 2e
−
→ Fe , E0 = -0.44V
The e.m.f. of the cell reaction F e ++ ++
+ Zn → Z n + Fe is

a) + 0.32 V b) –0.32 V

c) +1.20 V d) -1.20 V

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 6. The highest electrical conductivity of the following aqueous solutions is of [1]

a) 0.1 M acetic acid b) 0.1 M chloroacetic acid

c) 0.1 M fluoroacetic acid d) 0.1 M difluoroacetic acid

7. The resistance of a conductivity cell containing 0.001M KCl solution at 298 K is 1500 Ω. What is the cell [1]
constant if conductivity of 0.001M KCl solution at 298 K is 0.146 × 10-3 S cm-1

a) 0.239 cm-1 b) 0.209 cm-1

c) 0.229 cm-1 d) 0.219 cm-1

8. Calculate the standard cell potentials of galvanic cell, Δ rG

o
and equilibrium constant of the reactions if the [1]
reaction is
0 +
0
E Fe
3+ E Ag
2+ + 3+
Fe (aq) + Ag (aq) → F e (aq) + Ag(s) [ = 0.78V , = 0.8V ]
2+
Fe Ag

a) 0.04V, -2.955 kJ/mol, 3.2 b) 0.03V, -2.895 kJ/mol, 3.22

c) 0.01V, - 2.800 kJ/mol, 3.2 d) 0.02V, -2.850 kJ/mol, 3.2

na
9. The one which decreases with dilution is [1]

a) molar conductance b) conductance

10.
c) specific conductance ata d) equivalent conductance
A current of 0.5 ampere when passed through AgNO3 solution for 193 seconds deposited 0.108 g of Ag. The [1]
kh
equivalent weight of Ag is:

a) 54 b) 10.8

c) 108 d) 1
rav

11. In the electrolysis of acidulated water, it is desired to obtain 1.12 cc of hydrogen per second under S.T.P. [1]
conditions. The current to be passed is
u

a) 0.965 Amp b) 9.65 Amp

Ga

c) 19.3 Amp d) 1.93 Amp

12. Which of the following electrolytic solutions has the least specific conductance? [1]

a) 0.002 N b) 0.2 N

c) 0.02 N d) 2 N

13. How much charge is required for the reduction of 1 mol of Cu2+ to Cu? [1]

a) 1F b) 3F

c) 6F d) 2F
14. When a lead storage battery is discharged, then: [1]

a) lead is formed b) SO2 is evolved

c) lead sulphate is consumed d) sulphuric acid is consumed

15. The quantity of charge required to obtain one mole of aluminium from Al2O3 is ________. [1]

a) 2F b) 3F

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 c) 1F d) 6F

16. Al2O3 is reduced by electrolysis at low potentials and high currents. If 4.0 × 104 amperes of current is passed [1]

through molten Al2O3 for 6 hours, what mass of aluminium is produced? (Assume 100% current efficiency,

atomic mass Al = 27 g/mol)

a) 9.0 × 10 3
g b) 4
1.3 × 10 g

c) 2.4 × 10 5
g d) 4
8.1 × 10 g

17. Saturated solution of KNO3 is used to make 'salt bridge' because [1]

a) KNO3 is highly soluble in water b) velocity of K+ is greater than that of NO -

3

c) velocity of NO - is greater than that of K+ d) velocity of both K+ and NO - are nearly the
3 3

same.
18. Which of the following is a redox reaction? [1]

a) M g(OH ) b)

a
2 + 2N H4 C l → M gC l2 + 2N H4 OH C aC2 O4 + 2HC l → C aC l2 + H2 C2 O4

tan
c) N aC l + K N O 3 → N aN O3 + K C l d) Zn + 2AgCN → 2Ag + Zn (C N ) 2

19. The standard reduction potential Eo for half reactions are [1]
0 0 0
E = E − E
cell cathode anods
ha
The EMF of the cell reaction Fe2+ + Zn = Zn2+ + Fe is--- [Given E0Zn2+/Zn = -0.76V; E0Fe2+/Fe = -0.44V]

a) -1.17 V b) -0.32 V
vk

c) + 0.32 V d) +1.17 V
20. For a cell reaction involving two electrons change, the standard e.m.f. of the cell is found to be 0.295 V at .The [1]
equilibrium constant of the reaction at 25°C is
ura

a) 1 × 10 −20
b) 10

c) 1 × 10 10
d) 2.95 × 10
2
Ga

21. 96500 coulomb deposit 107.9 g of Ag from its solution. If e = 1.6 × 10

−19
coulomb, calculate the number of [1]
electrons per mole of electrons.

a) 6.02 × 10 23
b) 96500

c) 1.6 × 10 −19
d) 6.02 × 10
−23

22. Calculate the emf of the cell at 298K [1]

Sn(s) | Sn2+(0.050M) || H+(0.020M) | H2(g) (1bar) | Pt(s)

[ given E0Sn2+/Sn = - 0.14V, E0H+/H2 = 0 ]

a) 0.0654V b) 0.101 V

c) 0.18 V d) 0.0781V
Section C
23. Assertion (A): The Daniell cell becomes dead after some time. [1]
Reason (R): Oxidation potential of zinc anode decreases and that of copper increases.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the

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 explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

24. Assertion (A): Λ m for weak electrolytes shows a sharp increase when the electrolytic solution is diluted. [1]
Reason (R): For weak electrolytes degree of dissociation increases with dilution of solution.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

25. Assertion (A): Equivalent conductance of all electrolytes decreases with increasing concentration. [1]
Reason (R): Lesser number of ions are available per gram equivalent at higher concentration.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

26. Assertion (A): Chromium is used for coating iron. [1]

na
Reason (R): Chromium is non-corroding metal which forms a protective layer on iron.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

ata correct explanation of A.

d) A is false but R is true.

kh
27. Assertion (A): Mercury cell does not give steady potential. [1]
Reason (R): In the cell reaction, ions are not involved in the solution.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
rav

explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

28. Assertion (A): EAg+/Ag increases with increase in concentration of Ag+ ions. [1]
u

Reason (R): EAg+/Ag has a positive value.

Ga

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

29. Assertion (A): Conductivity of an electrolyte increases with decrease in concentration. [1]
Reason (R): Number of ions per unit volume decreases on dilution.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

30. Assertion: 0.1 M NH4OH at 25 ∘
C has more conductance than at 50 ∘
C . [1]
Reason: Conductance of a weak electrolyte decreases with increase in temperature.

a) Both assertion and reason are CORRECT b) Both assertion and reason are CORRECT
and reason is the CORRECT explanation of but, reason is NOT THE CORRECT
the assertion. explanation of the assertion.

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 c) Assertion is CORRECT but, reason is d) Both assertion and reason are
INCORRECT. INCORRECT.
31. Assertion (A): Galvanized iron does not rust. [1]
Reason (R): Zinc has a more negative electrode potential than iron.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

32. Assertion (A): Absolute value of Eºred of an electrode can not be determined. [1]
Reason (R): Neither oxidation nor reduction can take place alone.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section D

a
33. How much electricity in terms of Faradays is required to produce 20g of calcium from molten CaCl2? [2]

tan
34. Calculate Λ ∘
for CaCl2 and MgSO4 from the following data : Λ ∘
m
2+
(Ca ) = 119.0, Mg2+ = 106.0, Cl- = 76.3 [2]
m

and SO = 160.05 cm2 mol-1

2−

[2]
ha
35. i. Calculate ΔrGo for the reaction, Mg(s) + Cu2 + (aq) ⟶ Mg2+(aq) + Cu(s)

(Given, E ∘
cell
= +2.71 V, 1F = 96500C mol-1)
vk

ii. Name the type of cell which was used in Apollo space programme for providing electrical power.
36. Which cells were used in Apollo space programme? What was the product used for? [2]
−
−
37. In the plot of molar conductivity (∧ m) Vs. square root of concentration ( √C ), following curves are obtained for [2]
ura

two electrolytes X and Y:

Ga

Answer the following:

i. Predict the nature of electrolyte X and Y.
ii. What happens on extrapolation of ∧ to concentration approaching zero for electrolytes X and Y?
m

38. State Faraday's laws of electrolysis. How much charge in terms of Faraday is required for the reduction of 1 mol [2]
of Cu2+ to Cu.
39. Calculate emf of the following cell at 298 K : Mg (s) + 2Ag+ (0.0001M) ⟶ Mg2+ (0.130 M) + 2Ag (s) [2]

[Given : E θ
cell
= 3.17V ]
40. Calculate the degree of dissociation (a) of acetic acid if its molar conductivity (Am) is [2]
39.05 S cm2 mol-1.

Given: λ = 349.6S cm2mol-1 and λ = 40.9S cm2 mol-1

∘ + ∘ −
(H ) (CH3 COO )

41. How many moles of mercury will be produced by electrolysing 10 M Hg(NO3)2 solution with a current of 2.00 [2]

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 A for three hours?
[Hg(NO3)2 = 200.6gmol-1]

42. Calculate the time to deposit 1.27 g of copper at cathode when a current of 2A was passed through the solution [2]
of CuSO4.

(Molar mass of Cu= 63.5g mol-1, 1F = 96500 C mol-1)

43. One half-cell in a voltaic cell is constructed from a silver wire dipped in silver nitrate solution of unknown [3]
concentration. The other half-cell consists of a zinc electrode in 1.0 M solution of Zn(NO3)2. A voltage of 1.48
V is measured for this cell. Use this information to calculate the concentration of silver nitrate solution.
[ Given, E ∘

Zn
2+
/Zn
= −0.763V and E ∘

Ag
+
/Ag
= +0.80V ].
44. Calculate the emf of the following cell: [3]
Mg(s)|Mg2+(0.2M) || Ag+(1 × 10-3M) | Ag(s)
E0(Ag+/Ag) = 0.80V

​E0(Mg2+/Mg) = - 2.37V

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45. Write the Nernst equation and calculate the emf of the following cell at 298 K [3]
Cu(s)|Cu2+(0.130M)||Ag+(1.00 × 10-4M)|Ag(s)

46.
Given: E

M g(s) + 2Ag
0

Cu
+
/cu

+
= +0.34V and E

(0.0001M ) → M g
0

Ag
+

2+
/Ag
= +0.80V

The following chemical reaction is occurring in an electrochemical cell. ata

(0.10M ) + 2Ag(s)
[3]
kh
The E0 electrode values are :
E0(Mg2+/Mg) = - 2.36V
E0(Ag+/Ag) = 0.81V
rav

For this cell, calculate/write

a. i. E0 value for the 2Ag+/2Ag

ii. Standard cell potential E 0
u

cell

b. Cell potential Ecell

Ga

c. i. Symbolic representation of the above cell

ii. Will the above cell reaction be spontaneous?
47. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the following reaction at 298 K [3]
C u(s) + C l2 (g) → C uC l2 (aq)

−1 −1
R = 8.314J K mol

0 2+
E (C u /C u) = 0.34V

0 −1
E (C l2 /C l ) = 1.36V

1F = 96500 C mol-1
48. Conductivity of 0.00241 M acetic acid is 7.896 × 10 −5
S cm
−1
. Calculate its molar conductivity. If λ for
0
m [3]
acetic acid is 390.5 S cm2mol-1. What is its dissociation constant?
49. On the basis of the following data, explain why Co -(III) is not stable in aqueous solution? [3]
Co3+ + e- → Co2 +, E0 = +1.82V
2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e-, E0 = 1.23V

[3]

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50. i. Write two advantages of H2 - O2 fuel cell over ordinary cell.
ii. Equilibrium constant (Kc) for the given cell reaction is 10. Calculate E ∘
cell
.
2+ 2+
A(s) + B (aq) ⇌ A (aq) + B(s)

51. For what concentration of Ag+(aq) will the emf of the given cell be zero at 250C if the concentration of Cu2+(aq) [3]
is 0.1 M? (E ⊖

(Ag
+
/Ag)
= +0.80 V ,E ⊖

(C u
2+
/C u)
= +0.34 V )
52. Estimate the minimum potential difference needed to reduce Al2O3 at 500°C. The free energy charge for the [3]

decomposition reaction.
2

3
Al2 O3 →
4

3
Al + O2 is ΔG = +960K J (1 F = 96500 Cmol-1)
[5]
53. a. The conductivity of 0.001 mol L–1 acetic acid is 4·95 × 10–5 S cm–1. Calculate the dissociation constant if
∧n
0
for acetic acid is 390.5 S cm2 mol-1.

b. Write Nernst equation for the reaction at 250C:

2 Al (s) + 3 Cu2+ (aq) ⟶ 2 Al3+ (aq) + 3 Cu (s)
c. What are secondary batteries ? Give an example.

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54. A strip of nickel metal is placed in a 1-molar solution of Ni(NO3)2 and a strip of silver metal is placed in a 1- [5]

molar solution of AgNO3. An electrochemical cell is created when the two solutions are connected by a salt
bridge and the two strips are connected by wires to a voltameter.
ata
Write the balanced equations for the overall reaction occurring in the cell and calculate the cell potential.
θ θ
kh
(E 2
= − 0.25V ; E +
= 0.80V )
N i /Ni Ag /Ag

55. Define conductivity and molar conductivity for the solution of an electrolyte. Discuss their variation with [5]
concentration.
56. a. What is electrochemical equivalent? [5]
rav

b. Calculate the cell emf and ΔG° for the cell reaction at 250C. Zn / Zn+2(0.1M) // Cu+2(0.01M) /Cu electrode
potential for Zn is - 0.403 volt and for Cu is -0.763 volt
u

57. Write the Nernst equation and the e.m.f. of the following cells at 298 K. [5]
Ga

i. Mg(s)|Mg2+(0.001M)||Cu2+(0.001M)|Cu(s)

ii. Fe(s)|Fe2+(0.001M)||H+(1M)|H2(g)(1bar)|pt(s)

iii. Sn(s)|Sn2+(0.050M)||H+(0.020M)|H2(g)(1bar)|pt(s)

iv. Pt(s)|Br2(1)|Br-(0.010M)|H+(0.030M)|H2(g)(1bar)|pt(s)

Given:

E0(Mg2+/Mg) = -2.37V
E0(Cu2+Cu)= +0.34V
E0(Fe2+/Fe) = -0.44V

E0(Sn2+/Sn) = -0.14V E0(Br2/Br-) = +1.08V

58. Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following: [5]
i. An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with silver electrodes.
ii. An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with platinum electrodes.

iii. A dilute solution of H2SO4 with platinum electrodes.

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 iv. An aqueous solution of CuCl2 with platinum electrodes.

59. a. State two advantages of H2O fuel cell over ordinary cell. [5]

b. Silver is electro deposited on a metallic vessel of total surface area 900 cm2 by passing a current of 0.5 amp
for two hours.
Calculate the thickness of silver deposited.
[Given : Density of silver = 10.9g cm-3 Atomic mass of silver = 108 u

1 F = 96500 C mol-1]
[5]
60. i. Calculate ΔGo for the reaction

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Zn2+ (aq) + Cu(s)

Given: Eo for Zn2+/Zn = -7.6 V and Eo for Cu2+/Cu = +0.34 V
R = 8.314 JK-1 mol-1

F = 96500 C mol-1.
ii. Given two advantages fo fuel cells.

na
61. The resistance of a conductivity cell when filled with 0.05 M solution of an electrolytes X is 100 ohms at 40°C. [5]
The same conductivity cell filled with 0.01 M solution of electrolyte Y has a resistance of 50 ohms. The

i. Cell constant
ata
conductivity of 0.05 M solution of electrolyte X is 1.0 × 10 −4
S cm
−1
calculate.

ii. Conductivity of 0.01 MY solution

kh
iii. Molar conductivity of 0.01 MY solution.

62. a. Explain with one example each the terms weak and strong electrolytes. [5]
rav

b. Write the Nernst equation and calculate the emf of the following cell.
Fe(s) || Fe2+(0.001 M) || H+(1M)|H2(g)|Pt(s)(1 bar)

E0(Fe2+/Fe) = -0.44V
u

Section E
Ga

63. Fuel cells convert the energy produced during the combustion of fuels directly into electrical energy. Probably [5]
the most successful fuel cell so far is a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, which has been used in spacecraft. The
electrodes consist of porous screens of titanium coated with a layer of a platinum catalyst. Concentrated KOH or
NaOH solution is placed between the electrodes to serve as the electrolyte. Hydrogen and oxygen gases are
bubbled through the porous electrodes into the electrolyte solution.
The following electrode reaction occur:

At anode : 2H2 (g) + 4OH- (aq) ⇒ 4HO(l) + 4e-

At cathode : O2 (g) + 2H2O (l) + 4e- ⇒ 4OH- (aq)

Overall reaction : 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇒ 2H2O (l)

In this cell, the gaseous materials are consumed and continuausly supplied. The thermodynamic properties of
fuel cell reaction at 25 ∘
C are:
ΔH
∘
= - 285.8 kJ mol-1, ΔG = - 237.2 kJ mol-1, E = 1.23 V
∘ ∘

i. What is the value of ΔS for the fuel cell reaction at 25

∘ ∘
C ?

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 ii. If the potential of the half cell reaction at cathode is E = 0.41, then what is the value of E for the half cell
∘ ∘

reaction at the anode?

iii. If the concentrations of OH- ions in the cell are doubled then what would happen to the cell potential?
iv. Calculate the thermodynamic efficiency of H2-O2 fuel cell

[Hint : ]
ΔG ΔF E
=
ΔH ΔH

OR
v. The amount of a substance deposited by the passage by 1 amp of current for 1 sound. This is equivalent to
what?
64. A Lead storage battery is the most important type of secondary cell having a lead anode and a grid of lead [5]
packed with PbO2 as a cathode. A 38% solution of sulphuric acid is used as the electrolyte (Density=1.294 g

mL-1 ). The battery holds 3.5 L of the acid. During the discharge of the battery, the density of H2SO4 falls to

1.139 g mL-1.(20% H2SO4 by mass)

i. Write the reaction taking place at the cathode when the battery is in use.

na
ii. How much electricity in terms of Faraday is required to carry out the reduction of one mole of PbO2?
iii. What is the molarity of sulphuric acid before discharge?

OR ata
iv. Lead storage battery is considered a secondary cell. Why?

v. Write the products of electrolysis when dilute sulphuric acid is electrolysed using Platinum electrodes.
kh
u rav
Ga

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