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This document summarizes a physics lab experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a compound pendulum. The experiment involves suspending a rigid bar from different points and measuring the period of oscillation. The measured period values are used to calculate the equivalent length of a simple pendulum. This length and the average period are then inputted into the equation of motion for a simple pendulum to calculate the value of g as 10.416 ms-2. The results indicate the experiment was successful in measuring the acceleration due to gravity using a compound pendulum.

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43 views

Assignment ...

This document summarizes a physics lab experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a compound pendulum. The experiment involves suspending a rigid bar from different points and measuring the period of oscillation. The measured period values are used to calculate the equivalent length of a simple pendulum. This length and the average period are then inputted into the equation of motion for a simple pendulum to calculate the value of g as 10.416 ms-2. The results indicate the experiment was successful in measuring the acceleration due to gravity using a compound pendulum.

Uploaded by

devanamulshamim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course Code: 102

Course: Physics Lab

Submitted by:
Name: Punam Barua
ID: 232000920E
Group: 2
Department: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Submitted to:
Md. Rakibul Islam
Lecturer
School of Science, Engineering, and Technology
East Delta University
Experiment Name: To determine the value of g acceleration due to gravity by
means of a compound pendulum.

Theory: A compound pendulum is a rigid body of any shape free to turn about a horizontal axis.
The one used in this experiment is a uniform rod suspended at different locations along its length.
The period T of a compound pendulum is given by

T = 2π 𝐼 . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . (1)
√ 𝑀𝑔ℎ

Where I is the rotational inertia of the pendulum about the axis of suspension,
M is the pendulum mass and h is the distance between the suspension point and the center of mass.
In Fig. 01. Using the parallel axis theorem, we
get I = IG + Mh2 (2)
Where IG is the rotational inertia of the body about its center of mass and it is given by
IG = MK2 (3)
Where K is the radius of gyration. Substituting equation (3) in equation (2),
I = M (h2 + K2) (4)
Now substituting equation (4) in equation (1), we get

T = 2π√M (h2 + K2)


𝑀𝑔ℎ

Or, T = 2π√ h2 + K2 . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . .(6)


𝑔ℎ

The period of the simple pendulum is given by

T = 2π√𝐿 . . . . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . (7)


𝑔

The period of a compound pendulum equals the period of a simple pendulum of a length
[Compare equation 06 & 07] is given by
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(8)
L = ℎ2+𝐾2
ℎ

These quadratic equations can be solved to find L and K,

L = h1 + h2 and K =√ℎ1ℎ2
So, we get from equation (7)

T = 2π√𝐿
𝑔

Or, T2 = 4𝜋2𝐿
𝑔

Or, g = 4π2 𝐿 ..... ...... .. . . .. (9)


𝑇2

Putting the value of L and T2, we can calculate the acceleration due to gravity g.

Apparatus:
A bar pendulum, a small metal wedge, a beam compass, a spirit level, a telescope with cross-
wires in the eye-piece, a stop-watch, and a wooden prism with a metal edge.
Procedure:

(i) Thread the snare's blade edge through the opening nearest one of the bar's ends to suspend the bar. While
the bar remains still, align a telescope such that its upward cross-wire coincides with the upward imperfection
on the bar.
(ii) Permit the bar to sway inside curve 40, which is an ascending plane with minimal abundance.

(iii) Using an accurate stopwatch, determine the best time for 20 motions by tracking the upward line on the
bar as it passes through the telescope. Make repeated mention of this objective truth and calculate the mean
opportunity t for twenty moves. Select the time interval T.

(iv) Determine the pivot of the suspension's distance d, such as the opening from a meter scale along one of
the bar's edges.

(v) Repeat steps (I) through (iv) for various openings until C.G. of the bar is approached, at which point the
duration becomes incredibly long.

(vi) Reverse the bar and repeat steps (I) through (v) for every opening, starting at the very top.

(vii) Create a chart where the time interval T is the ordinate and the distance d between the openings is the
abscissa. The concept for the chart will be as seen in Fig. Identify the even border that is parallel to the X-
pivot, ABCDE. Here, A, B, D, and E discuss where the line crosses the bends in the line. Take note of how the
bends are evenly spaced around an upward line.

Data Collection: Table for time period T

At Hole Distance from Time for 10 Time


the number support to Oscillations period T =
top C.G.(L) Sec (t/5)
cm sec
1 10 7.5 1.5
2 20 7.54 1.508
3 30 7.6 1.52
End
4 40 9.36 1.872
(A)
1 90 7.48 1.496
2 80 7.33 1.466
3 70 7.58 1.516

End 4 60 9.54 1.908


(B)
Calculation:
From graph,

AB=70-10=60 cm

CD= 90-30=60 cm
𝐴𝐵+𝐶𝐷 60+60
L= 2 = =60 cm
2
=.6 m
1.5+1.52+1.496+1.516
T= sec
4

T=1.508 sec

We know,

𝑳
T= 𝟐𝝅√𝒈

𝑳
or, g = 𝟒𝝅𝟐 𝑻𝟐

0.6
g = 4𝜋 2 1.508² ms-²

=10.416 ms-²

Percentage of Error = No specific fault found during the work.

Result: The value of g acceleration due to gravity using a compound pendulum is


10.416 ms-².

Discussion: This experiment was amazing.We learnt to findout the value of g from a compound
pendulum.

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