47

ASSIGNMENT # 3
DEADLINE: RETURN AT THE END OF THE LABORATORY SESSION
OPTION 1: Deposit a physical copy in the cart (front of the lab)
OPTION 2: Submit an electronic copy (i.e., PDF file) through the LMS platform (Canvas)

Bimal Khanal 11315284

NAME: ______________________________________ STUDENT #: ___________ fri , Sep 29
DATE: ____________

IN-PERSON LABORATORY WORK AND IDENTIFICATION OF PHENOTYPES

WORTH 30% OF ASSIGNMENT GRADE (Q#1-3)

1. After observing the F1 parental flies (F1 x F1) under the dissecting scope, please summarize the
obtained data in the table below. Please double check the phenotypes with your TA. y=yellow,
w=white, m=miniature, se=sepia, WT= wild-type

Males Females Total

y-w-m se WT y-w-m se WT
Total 3 3 6
*To get full marks, please record your data in the file available online through the modules tab in
Canvas (Lab # 3)*

PREDICTIONS USING A MODEL: THE SECOND GENERATION (F2)

You already proposed a genetics model of inheritance for the yellow, white, miniature, and sepia
mutations (pages 29-31). Using this information, please answer the following questions.

2. Please provide the genotype and phenotype of the F1 flies.

Sellse en , Selle
yum
F1 genotype(s): ___________________________________________________ -

wild female white Miniture

type
F1 phenotypes(s): ___________________________________________________
, ,
yellow males

3. Please use the following template to draw a Forked-lined method to estimate the expected
phenotypic frequencies of the F2 offspring.
 48
Important information: 1) Please do not consider the sex of the flies, only the phenotypes. 2) When
both, white and sepia mutations are present (w-se), the resulting flies will show white eyes (w). This is
due to an epistatic interaction that will be studied in further labs.

Body color Eye color Wing size Eye color Proportion

(yellow – wt) (white – wt) (miniature – wt) (sepia – wt)
wt mt set
↳ mt -
↳ Set
byt
I wt - 2 I Se E yt at mt Se
1 t 2I 4

Set ut
Set
I ~I
M - m

izwarz
-

mse en
I Se
4

I- 3/4 set
I M
↳Esse -
set
It wm

W2 E set -
-
m-
I
↳
se Be It wm se

setSee
↳ewtmt
I
-
Mt
- e
I ~
-utmset
3
Wt

=Y -
I
-Em - se = y wtmse

↳ I -I
1
M
I&

Lese
set
gwatseene
w
I
2 -set
I
wi e e
↳
M

Lese e
 49
COMPUTER SIMULATIONS (CGS)

Remember: for this assignment, you will use the data collected from the simulated crosses using the
Lab3:SexLinkage wild population. To describe the phenotypes, reduce the ratio to its lowest terms
(Ex., 3.1:1).
*All crosses performed at the GCS correspond to hypothetical simulated and randomized data. The
actual genetics basis of the genes in nature may be different*

Based on the simulation of several crosses (dihybrid), you need to determine the genetics model of two
traits (I.e., Dominant vs. Recessive; Autosomal vs. Sex-linked). Please simulate the following crosses
using the Lab3:SexLinkage population and fill the tables with the required information.

Hint: When you are studying a cross that includes several traits, start your analysis with one
trait at a time. For example, start by crossing two flies with the same wing shape without
considering the body color.

4. Eye color: perform three independent crosses between a wild-type female and a wild-type male.
Record the data in the scoring tables. The number of obtained flies is available in the “analysis” tab of
each corresponding vial.

4 Male#:____
Female#___ 12 Female#___
37 Male#:____
14 Female#___
118 Male#:____
119

1 2 3

39 4180 O 00 O 00

0 0 0 O O O O O O
122 138 260 185 161 346 0 00
0 ⑧ O 0 0 0 156 150 306

3 . 25 1 I 0 I O

Considering only eye-color, is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers
of male vs. female flies? _____
*
For example: All males sepia (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none sepia)
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*
 50
5. Eye color: perform three independent crosses between a wild-type female and a sepia-eyed male.
Record the data in the scoring tables. Make sure that you use different parental flies each time you
perform a cross.

Female#___
34 Male#:____
264 Female#___
116 Male#:____
276 Female#___
146 Male#:____
283

4 5 6

O O 0 78 74 152 00 O

00 0 00 0 00 0

173 185 358 83 73156 186 212 398

O O 0 O 00 ⑧ O ⑧

1 O 1 02
.
I I O

Considering only eye-color, is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers
of male vs. female flies? ____
X
For example: All males sepia (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none sepia)
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*

6. Eye color: perform three independent crosses between a sepia-eyed female and a wild-type male.
Record the data in the scoring tables. Make sure that you use different parental flies each time you
perform a cross.

Female#___ 62
96 Male#:____ Female#___
13 Male#:____
12 Female#___ 172
III Male#:____
7 8 9

89 88 177
- 103 97 200 79 68 147
O O 0 O 00 000
80 99 179 99 89 188 62 82 144

O O O 00 O 000

1 .
01 I I 1 . 06 I 1002

Considering only eye-color, is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers
of male vs. female flies? ____
X
For example: All males sepia (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none sepia)
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*
 51
7. Eye color: perform three independent crosses between a sepia-eyed female and a sepia-eyed male.
Record the data in the scoring tables. Make sure that you use different parental flies each time you
perform a cross.

Female#___ 257
141 Male#:____ 65 Male#:____
Female#___ 106 18 Male#:____
Female#___ 24
10 I 12

158 179 337 187 174 361 146 107

⑦ 0 0 O 00 O
-253 0

00 0 0 0 O 000
0 00 000 000

O I 0 I O I

Considering only eye-color, is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers
X
of male vs. female flies? ____
For example: All males sepia (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none sepia)
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*

8. Based on your analysis of the previous nine crosses, propose a genetics mode of inheritance for the
eye color trait:

V NO:______
Can you determine the mode of inheritance using the collected data: YES: _____
-

If your answer is “NO”, try performing additional crosses until you are completely sure.

Wild-type eye coloration is:

V
Dominant: _________ Recessive: ___________

Sepia eye coloration is: Dominant: _________ ↳

Recessive: ___________

The eye-color trait is: V

Autosomal: _________ Sex-linked: ___________
 52
In the next section, you will focus on the analysis of the second trait (Body color).

9. Body color: perform three independent crosses between a wild-type female and a wild-type male.
Record the data in the scoring tables. The number of obtained flies is available in the “analysis” tab of
each corresponding vial.

Female#___ 55
38 Male#:____ Female#___ I
I Male#:____ Female#___ 14
15 Male#:____

13 24 15

O 00 O O 0 00 O

0 O O O O O ⑧ O O

158 195 350 134 143 277 M5 141 286

0 O O O O O 00 0

I O I O I 0

X
Is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers of male vs. female flies? ____
For example: All males yellow (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none yellow)
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*

10. Body color: perform three independent crosses between a wild-type female and a yellow-body
male. Record the data in the scoring tables. Make sure that you use different parental flies each time
you perform a cross.

36 Male#:____
Female#___ 143 60 Male#:____
Female#___ 274 Female#___ 123
80 Male#:____

16 If 18

⑧ 3656
32832
00 O O

O 00 31 O 51
178 178
1221 Bee
O
as B s
O

178 0178

I 1 1 11
. I 1 12
. 2

W
Is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers of male vs. female flies? ____
For example: All males yellow (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none yellow)
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*
 53

11. Body color: perform three independent crosses between a yellow-body female and a wild-type
male. Record the data in the scoring tables. Make sure that you use different parental flies each time
you perform a cross.

Female#___ 7
152 Male#:____ 48 Male#:____
Female#___ 34 Female#___
zol Male#:____
282

19 20 21

⑧ 06 000 O O O

O ⑧ O O O O 0 O ⑧

O O 0 88 86 174 O ⑧ ⑧

136 123 259 105 85 190 195 191 386

O 2 1 1 09 ,
I 0

X
Is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers of male vs. female flies? ____
For example: All males yellow (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none yellow)
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*

12. Body color: perform three independent crosses between a yellow-body female and a yellow-body
male. Record the data in the scoring tables. Make sure that you use different parental flies each time
you perform a cross.

Female#___ 139
31 Male#:____ Female#___
294 Male#:____
174 194 Male#:____
Female#___ 300

22 23 24

① O 0 000 O O O
O O -
O O O 0
O O 0
O 9494 O 75 75
O 83 83

17391264 13976 215 195 115 310

I 2 80 I
.
2 87.
I
3073

v
Is there any major difference (i.e. bias) between the phenotype numbers of male vs. female flies? ____
For example: All males yellow (none wild-type); All females wild-type (none yellow)
*This may be considered evidence of the presence of sex-linkage*
 54
13. Based on your analysis of the previous nine crosses, propose a genetics mode of inheritance for
the body color trait:

v NO:______
Can you determine the mode of inheritance using the collected data: YES: _____
If your answer is “NO”, try performing additional crosses until you are completely sure.

Wild-type body color is: X

Dominant: _________ Recessive: ___________

Yellow body color is: Dominant: _________ X

Recessive: ___________

The Body-color trait is: Autosomal: _________ X

Sex-linked: ___________

GENETICS PROBLEM: IMPROVE YOUR SOLVING SKILLS

Please consider the following information to solve the next genetics problem

A scientist performed a cross between a P1 The cross produced the following offspring:
yellow-body and brown-eyed female and a P2
wild-type male, both were pure lines (i.e. 100% females: Wild type (body and eyes)
100% males: yellow body, wild-type eyes
homozygous). Also, it is known that both genes
are located on different chromosomes.

14. Based on the F1 results, are the alleles for yellow body and brown eyes dominant or recessive? Are
those genes autosomal or sex-linked? Use the table below to fill the right cell with an “X”.

Mutation Dominant Recessive Autosomal Sex-linked

X
*
Yellow
body

Brown
eyes x
 55
15. Based on the notation used in Drosophila research, please provide the genotype of the P1 yellow body
and brown-eyed female and P2 wild-type male (both are homozygous).

Hint: For the notation, please consider the following information: females carry the yellow body
(y) and the brown (bw) mutations. The males carry the wild-type allele for both genes (y+ and bw+)

P1 yellow body, brown-eyed females:

> bullData t
________________
y

P2 wild-type males: ________________

16. Please provide the expected phenotype and genotype of the F1 flies. Show your work.

I
but -
but
Gametes #

* but la e

butllbu
- >
-Ilbw
-
- but Ibu
F1 genotype(s): ___________________________________________________

females are wild type ↑Males are yellowbodyk

F1 phenotypes(s): ___________________________________________________
Wt for
eyes

17. What are the expected F2 phenotypic proportions (Ex. ¾ ; ¼ ) expected by crossing the F1 males and
females? Please provide the F1 genotypes and show your work in the Punnet square template. Reduce
the proportions to the lowest terms (Ex. 2/4 should be expressed as ½)
 56

-butllbu
F1 females: ______________ X
> but Ilbw
F1 males: ________________

⑰ Albu
Gametes
Cut female)
#Ibw
(wt female)
tant I bu
I
wildtge ferate
yellow ,
yt yt 3
Ilbut
>
-
but llbut -

butllbu -

-
butllbut -

- butllbu

earebe
llbut
y
I(wt female) ,
brown feral yellow , it female yellow, it brown
It
bullbw
How
-
but
ut
t make Wt malz yello yellow, wild
but but - but Ilbu
Wit male yollow wt ·

brown
Lut, bown
I
,
y yellow ,

bull bu
I
- It Ilbu
-Il bu -
butllbw-
-
swill ba -

-
but -

Proportions:
females : Wild type female
: 6
yellow ,
Nt female : 6
yellow ,
brown female :
It
wild , It female :
Is

male : Wild type male :

16
↳
male : To
yellow ,
wt

brown make :
yellow
o
,

Wild brown male : 6

,

*IMPORTANT NOTE*:
Remember to return your assignment at the END of the lab session or to submit an electronic copy
(i.e., scanned PDF file) through CANVAS