PHYSICS UNIT 1: PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT Web of measeremants Physicstechnology,-and-soeiety, S 1 Units, fundamental and derived units, least count, accuracy_and_precision-of measuring instruments. Errors in measurement, Dimensions of Physics quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications. addect syn (fant UNIT 2: KINEMATICS @ The frame of reference, motion in a straight line, Position- time graph, speed and velocity; Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graph, relations for uniformly accelerated motion, Scalars and Vectors, Vector. Addition and subtraction, 2e#s-iestor, scalar and vector products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector. Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular Motion. UNIT 3: LAWS OF MOTION Force and inertia, Newton's First law of motion; Momentum, Newton’s Second Law of motion, Impulses; Newton’s Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction. ot, = Dynamics of uniform circular motion: céntripetal force and its applications. 0 » =o“ UNIT 4: WORK, ENERGY, AND POWER Work done by a content force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work-energy ea naeet soon in veh ide The potential energy of spring conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and neoconservative forces:/Blastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions. UNITS: ROTATIONAL MOTION Centre of the mass of a two-particle system, Centre of the mass of a rigid body: Basic concepts of rotational motion; a moment of a force; torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular ‘momentum and its applications; the moment of inertia, the radius of gyration. Values of ‘moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, and their applications, Rigid body rotation equations of rotational motion. + éonypusser of Uincer k natahort UNIT 6: GRAVITATION The universal law of gravitation, Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Kepler’s law of planetary motion. Gravitational poset ener gravitational potential, Escape velocity, Orbital velocity ofa satellite, Geo stat scape wlociy CRS ee a cna of enhille UNIT 7: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS . 2Te 1S— coum REEL, Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law. Young's modulus), bulk a modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications. Viscosity. Stokes’ law. terminal velocity, streamline, and turbulent flow yReyolds-RumBae) Bernoulli's principle and its applications. Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application, of surface tension - drops, bubbles, and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; “*/"* specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat transfer-conduction, convection, and radiation. Newton's lawcof cooling, UNIT 8: THERMODYNAMICS + Hever Kodiababicfrecece ‘Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of temperature, Heat, work, and internal energy. The first law of thermodynamics//The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes. Carmabengine and itsfficiencyt UNIT 9: KINETIC THEORY OF GASES Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas, Kinetic theory of gases ~ assumptions, the concept of pressure. Kinetic energy and température: RMS speed of gas molecules: Degrees of freedom. Law of equipartition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases; Mean free path. Avogadro's number. UNIT 10: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES Periodic motion - period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase: oscillations of a spring -restoring force and force constant: energy in S.H.M. - Kinetic and potential energies; Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period:(Bree-foreed-and-damped-oseillations-tesonanee. ‘Wave motion, Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave. Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, a reflection of waves. Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, furidamental mode and harmonics. Beats: Depple=Eftect ia sou UNIT 11: ELECTROSTATICS. Electric charges: Conservation of charge. Coulomb's law forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges: superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field: Blectric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines. Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole, Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field Electric flux. Gauss’s law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Elecjtic potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges:/Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators. Dielectries and electric polarization, capacitor, the combination of, capacitors in series and parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates. Energy stored in a capacitor. UNIT 12: CURRENT ELECTRICITY QTUNIT 1 Electric current. Drift velocity. Ohm's law. Electrical resistance. Resistances-of different ‘materials: V- characteristics of Ohmie and non-ohmic conductors. Eletrical energy and power. Electrical resistivity, Golowreede:foe-#esisthes, Series and parallel combinations of resist ‘Temperature dependence of resistance Electric Cell and its Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell, a combination of cells in series and parallel. Kirchhoff's laws and their applications. Wheatstone bridge. Metre Bridge. Poteatiomoter—priaciple-and ite applications, UNIT 13: MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM. Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron, Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field: The force between two parallel currents carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field: Moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and olan cl fill aa bn net) lg % 0 * pr Current loop as a magnetic(dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Bartts-megnetioHeld-and-magnetie-elements, Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances. ewes AP cee one gnehe dpe + feel forge om aD es” PE /LECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS Electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s law. Induced emf and current: Lenz’s Law, Eddy ‘currents. Self and mutual inductanee. Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating ‘current/ voltage: reactance and impedance: LCR series circuit, resonance: Quality factor, power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator and transformer. UNIT 15: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES, nut doa 1. Blectromagnetié waves and their characteristics, Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet. X-rays, Gamma rays), Applications of e.m. waves. UNIT 16: OPTICS, ent it tame ly saptrigh Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula. Total internal refleetion and its applications. Deviation and Dispersion of light by a; prism; Lens Formula Magnification. Power of a Lens. Combination of thin lenses in contact. Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting ) and their magnifying powers. Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens’ principle. Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young's double-slit experiment and expression for fringe Width, coherent sources, and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum, i 8) Polarization, plane-polarized light: Brewster's law, uses of plane-polarized light and Polaroid. UNIT 17: DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATIONDual nature of radiation. Photocleetrie effect. Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's, photoelectric equation: particle nature of light, Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer-experiment. UNIT 18: ATOMS AND NUCLEL Alpha-pantcle scateing experiment; Rutherfods model of atom: Bohr model, energy levels hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with ‘mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion. UNIT 19: ELECTRONIC DEVICES Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: 1-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as 0 recites LV charac of LED. the photodiode, sola ogling Zier diodes Zeer diode asa voltage regulators " oe . it b Lotte gates (OR. AND. NOT. NAND and NOR). Transistor a-esiich, UNIT 20: COMMUNICATIONSYSPEMS Cheffer Reproyest Propagation of electromagnetic ee in he atmosphere; Sky pe Space wave propagation, Need for’ mioddlation/4 "pele Prequen ulation, Bandwidth of signals,“the bandwidth of Fransiission: eae Basic Elements of Cake m System (Block Diagram fly). UNIT 21: EXPERIMENTAL SKILLS Familiarity with the basi¢ approach and observations of the experiments and activities: L. Vernier calipers-its use to measure the internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel. Screw gauge-its use to determine thickness! diameter of thin sheet/wire. ‘Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude and time. Metre Scale - the mass of a given object by the principle of moments ‘Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire. ‘Surf ace tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents, Corefficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body, 9. Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube, 1o, Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures. 11. The resistivity of the material of a given wire using a metre bridge. 12. The resistance of a given wire using Ohm's law. 13-Potentiometer- ii, 14, Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method. 2Te ls15. The focal length of; (9 Convex mirror (ii) Concave mirror, and ' (i) Convex lens, using the parallax method. 16. The plot of the angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism. 17, Refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope. } 18, Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias. 19, Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage. 20, Characteristic curves of a transistor and finding current geinand-voltage-gain, 21, Identification of Diode. LED, Transistor. JG: Resistor. A capacitor from a mixed collection of such items. (i Identify the base of a transistor (i) Distinguish between NPN and PNP type transistor (Gi) See the unidirectional current in case of a diode and an LED, (is) Check the correctness or otherwise of a given electronic component (diode, transistor, or Ic), 2TH TsCHEMISTRY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY UNIT I: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY Matter and its nature, Dalton’s atomic theory: Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound: is: Laws of chemical combination; Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae: Chemical equations and stoichiometry. UNIT 2: STATES OF MATTER Sapte Removeab Classification of matter into solid, liquid, and gaseous states, Gaseous State y LJ Measurable ropeyties ‘of gases: Gas laws - Bofle’s law, Charle’s law. Graham's law of diffusion. Avogadro's law, Dalton’s law of pattial pressure; Concept of Absolute scale of tempefature: Ideal gas equation; Kinetic theoty of gases (only postulates) Concept of average, roof mean square and most probable velocities; Real gasés, devi ion from Ideal behaviour, compressibility factor, afid van der Waals equation. / Sphincetgprienr Bae if 4 Liquid States y/ J Properties of liqhids - vapour préssure, on surface’tension, and efit of temperature. on them (auattative treatmpt only), s/f a 7 bia y - Solid site: ‘lem a Ciassfcation of sofids: moleculaf, ionic, opt and metallic sot orphous and crystalline solids (elementary ida); Bragg’s Law and its petnde ell and lattices, packing in solids (fee, bec and hep lattices) voids, calculations involving init cell parameters, an imperfection in solids; Electrical and magnetic properties. UNIT 3: ATOMIC STRUCTURE Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; Spectrum ofthe hydrogen atom, Bohr model of hydrogen stom = its postulates, derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr’s model; Dual nature of matter, de Broglie’s relationship. Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Blementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical model of the atom, its important features. Concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions: Variation of and ¥ with r for 1s and 2s orbitals; various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance; shapes of s, p, and d - orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number: Rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle. Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals. UNIT 4: CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds, 2Te 1SUNIT 5: onic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy. Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity. Fajan’s rule, dipole moment: Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR ) theory and shapes of simple molecules. Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - its important features, the concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals; Resonance. Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important features. LCAQs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, the concept of bond order, bond length, and bond energy. Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its applications. CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions,/types of processes. The first law of thermodynamics - Concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess's law of constant heat summation; Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization, and solution. ‘The second law of thermodynamics - Spontaneity of processes; AS of the universe and AG of the system as criteria for spontaneity. AG? (Standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant. UNIT 6: SOLUTIONS: Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), the vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law - Ideal and non-ideal solttions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non ideal solutions; Colligative properties of dilute solutions - a relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, the elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure; Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; Abnormal value of molar mass, van’t Hoff factor and its significance. QUILIBRIUM, Meaning of equilibrium, the concept of dynamic equilibrium. Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid - gas and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law. General characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes. Equilibrium involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and K.) and their significance, the significance of AG and AG? in chemical equilibrium, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature, the effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier’s principle. Tonic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius. Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization, acid-baseequilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water. pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, the solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions. UNIT 8: REDOX REACTIONS AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY, Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions, Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch’s law and its applications. Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half - cell and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell and its measurement: Nemst equation and its applications; Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energy change: Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells. HEMICAL KINETICS Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units, differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, the effect of temperature on the rate of reactions, Arthenius theory, activation energy and its calculation, Collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation). “UNIT 10: SURFACE CHEMISTRY Chapter Adit Adsorption, Physisorption and-chemisorption and their characteristies, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids~ Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solutions. d Catalysis ~ Homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity of solid catalysts, enzyme catalysis, and its mechanism. Colloidal state~distinction among true solutions, colloids, and suspensions, classification of colloids - lyophilic. lyophobic; multi-molecular. macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles); preparation and properties of colloids - Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, dialysis, coagulation, and flocculation: Emulsions and their characteristics, INORGANIC CHEMISTRY UNIT 11: CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES, Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p. d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization Sm electron, gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity. UNIT 12: GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATIO! oo stad Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ofes; Steps involved in the extraction off ‘metals concentration, reduction (chemical and electrolytic methods), and fefiing with special reference to the extraction of Al Cu, Zn, and Fe; Thermodynamic and electrochemical Principles involved in the extraction of metals. 2a Ts“UNIT 13: HYDROGEN gite Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotapes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen; Physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; Structure, preparation, reactions, and uses of hydrogen peroxide; Classification of hydrides - ionic, covalent, and interstitial; Hydrogen as a fuel. UNIT 14: S BLOCK ELEMENTS (ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS) Group -1 and 2 Elements Goffe dted General introduction, electronic Configuration, and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationships. Oo 4 Preparation and properties of some important compounds - sodium earbonate and sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate; Industrial uses of lime, limestone! Plaster of Paris, and cement: Biological significance of Na, K. Mg, and Ca. UNIT 15: P- BLOCK ELEMENTS. Group -13 to Group 18 Elements General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group. Groupwise study of the p - block elements Group -13 Preparation, properties, andstises of boron and aluminum; Structure, properties, and uses of borax, boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminum chloride, and alums. Group -14 ‘The tendency for catenation; Struéture, properties, and uses of Allotropes and oxides of carbon, silicon tetrachloride, silicates, zeolites, and silicones. * . Group «1S D GM. bis pothion dilted Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; Allotrophie forms of phosphorus; Preparation, ‘properties, strieture, and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine, and phosphorus halides, ch. PCI); Structures of oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen and phosphorus. i Group -16 Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of ozone: Allotropie forms of sulphur; Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of sulphuric acid (inéluding its industrial preparation); Structures of oxoacids of sulphury Group-17 Preparation, properties, and uses of hydrochloric acid; Trends in the acidie nature of hydrogen halides; Structures of Interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens. Group-18 2Te lsOccurrence and uses of noble gases; Structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon, UNIT 16: d-and f- BLOCK ELEMENTS Ji sponge Transition Elements General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends, in properties of the first-row transition elements - physical propertics, ionization enthalpy. oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; Preparation, properties, and uses of K.Cr0;, and KMn0s. Inner Transition Elements Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, and lanthanoid contraction, Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation states. UNIT 17: CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS = //c> Introduction to coordination compounds. Wemer's theory; ligands, coordination number, C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; Important reactions such as - Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN. NH, and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation: reduction (Wolf Kishner and Clemmensen); the acidity of a-hydrogen. aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction. Haloform reaction, Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones, Carboxylic Acids Acidic strength and factors affecting it, UNIT 24: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN // ange General methods of preparation. Properties, reactions, and uses. Amines: Nomenclature, classification structure, basic character, and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basie character. Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry. “UNIT 25: POLYMERS, chop Fe ated assificat Geneyal introdyetion and, gengral of polymerization, - ce ‘ondensatjén, copolypirization, ‘Gp fatural ai(4 synthesié, rubber 9d vuleani; impoffant Al hal bakelite. their monomers atid uses — polythene, nflon, polyester, a UNIT 26: BIOMOLECULES General introduction and importance of biomolecules. CARBOHYDRATES - Classification; aldoses and ketoses: monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose). PROTEINS - Elementary Idea of a-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides. Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes. VITAMINS - Classification and functions. ‘NUCLEIC ACIDS ~ Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. Biological functions of nucleic acids. +- /foyn7ores UNIT (27: CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE.Chemicals in Medicines - Analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility dfugs, antibiotics, antacids. Anti-histamines their meaning and common examples. Choptte YAted ‘Chemicals in food - Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents “common examples. Cleansing Agents - Soaps and detergents, cleansing action UNIT 28: PRINCIPLES RELATED TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen, Sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds; Detection of the following functional groups; hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and. ketones) carboxyl, and amino groups in organic compounds. ‘The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following: Inorganic compounds; Mohr’s salt, potash alum, Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform. ‘The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises — Acids, bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-acid vs KMnOs, Mohr's salt vs KMnOs Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis: Cations ~ Pb?*: Cu". AB*, Fe, Zn?', Ni, Ca2!, Ba?!, Mg, NEE Anions-CO3>, $*,$037, 8°, NO®, Cl, Br, I (Insoluble salts excluded). Chemical principles involved in the following experiments: 1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4 2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base. 3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols. 4. Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ions with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.‘Appendix - VEL i SYLLABUS for JEE (Main)-2023 i Syllabus for Paper-I (B.E/B.Tech.)- Mathematics, Physies, and Chemistry MATHEMATICS. ETS, RELATIONS, AND FUNCTIONS: (Ye Change UNIT Sets and their representation: Union, intersection and complement of sets and their algebraic properties; Power set; Relation, Type of relations, equivalence relations, functions; one-one, into and onto functions, the composition of functions. UNIT 2: COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS: Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals, Representation of complex siumbers in the form a | + ib and their representation in a plane, Argand diagram, algebra of complex number, modulus, and argument (or amplitude) of ¢ complex number, squats sbat of ecimplet uber, ilangle inequality, Quadratic equations in real and complex number System and their solutions Relations between roots and co-efficient, nature of roots, the formation of quadratic equations © with given roots. i -UNIT3: MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS: i Matrices, algebra of matrices, type of matrices, determinants, and matrices of order two and three, properties of determinants, evaluation of determinants, arca of triangles using determinants, Adjoint, and evaluation of inverse of a square matrix using determinants and ‘elementary:transformations, Test of consistency and solution of simultancous linear equations in two or three variables using determinants and matrices. “UNIT 4: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS: ‘The fundamental principle of counting, permutation as an arrangement and combination as section, Meaning of P (n.r) and C (1.2), simple applications. UNIT 5: MATHEMATICAL INDUCTIONS: Cop toe Rene Principle of Mathematical Induction and its simple applications. UNIT 6: BINOMIAL THEOREM AND ITS SIMPLE APPLICATION: Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, general term and middle term, properties of { Binomial coefficients, and simple applications. { UNIT 7: SEQUENCE AND SERIES: j Arithmetic and Geometric progressions, insertion of arithmetic, geometric means between wo given numbers, Relation between AM and G.M. ial seri UNIT 8: LIMIT, CONTINUITY, AND DIFFERENTIABILITY:Real-valued functions, algebra of functions, polynomials, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions, inverse function. Graphs of simple functions. Limits, continuity, and differentiability. Differentiation of the sum, difference, product, and quotient of two functions. Differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite and implicit functions; derivatives of order up to two, Relie's-atid-Lagrange’s Mean ‘Value—Fioreitisy Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of quantities, monotonic~ Increasing and decreasing functions, Maxima and minima of functions of one variable, tatigents) -and normal. UNIT 9: INTEGRAL CALCULAS: UNIT UNIT Integral as an anti-derivative, Fundamental Integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential, and logarithms functions. Integrations by substitution, by parts, and by partial functions. Integration using trigonometric identities. Evaluation of simple integrals of the type (oxsayie Se Ope SS Se RE. ees Desde fate x? dx , fVx2— a dx Jarte be [integral-as limit oa-suim. The fundamental theorem of calculus, properties of definite integrals. Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves in standard form. 10: DIFFRENTIAL EQUATIONS, Ordinary differential equations, their order, and degree, the formation of differential equations, solution of differential equation by the method of separation of variables, solution of a homogeneous and linear differential equation of the type ay = 2+ poy = qe, 11; COORDINATE GEOMETRY, Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in a plane, distance formula, sections formula, Jocus, and its equation, translation-oF axes; the slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the co-ordinate axis. Straight line Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines, the distance of a point form a line, equationsiof internal and) ins co-ordinate of the centroid, orthocentre, and ily-of is i of circumcentre of a triangle, Cirele, conie sectionsA standard form of equations of a cirele, the general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and central, equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and-eondition Tore-line-t6-be) ‘angent-to-8-ciiele;equation-of the-tangent) sections of conics, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola) in standard forms, Coadition- for Sameteto bee tangent and point(s) of tangency. UNIT 12: THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY Coordinates of a point in space, the distance between two points, section formula, directions ratios, and direction cosines, the angle between two intersecting lines. Skew lines, the shortest distance between them, and its equation. Equations of a line aiid-a plane in diffrent fortis the UNIT 13: VECTOR ALGEBRA ‘Vectors and scalars, the addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three-dimensional space, scalar and vector products, S6@laBand Wester tiple product) UNIT 14: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY Measures of discretion; calculation of mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data calculation of standard deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped. data. Probability: Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, Baye's theorem, probability distribution of @ random variate, (Bemoulli-trials;and—binomial distribution, UNIT 15: TRIGONOMETRY Trigonometrical identities and GuatiORS) trigonometrical functions, inverse trigonometrical functions, and their properties, heights-and-distanee, UNIT 16: MATHEMATICAE-REASONING Chapter Kemoved. Statement logical operations and, or, implies, implied by, if and only if, understanding of tautology, contradiction, converse, and contrapositive.