Multifinger caliper cheat sheet

1. Objectives The Recalibration option applies a shift to

Provides a continuous measurement of the pipe’s Load MFC data in .las or .dlis format with . each finger in order to take their average to:
internal radius, to evaluate the following conditions: Upon loading, define the nominal pipe(s) diameters - the mean or median of all fingers.
- Corrosion: uniform, pitting, blistering. from the catalogue. These will be used to compute the - the nominal diameter of the pipe: use only
- Erosion: wear, solids production, jetting. statistics. completion elements with strict dimensional tolerance
- Deposition: scale, hydrates, asphaltenes. Raw and processed MFC are displayed in various ways. (nipples, SSDs) and in good condition.
- Deformation: Ovalization, shear, buckling. On the left, the unwrapped image of the fingers with An MFC log may require multiple recalibration
- Status of completion elements: valves, the colour based on the radius. In the middle, the intervals.
SSD. individual radius track. On the right, the maximum and
minimum diameters with the nominal thickness. 9. Statistics
Statistics are automatically updated after every
processing step. These are plotted as continuous
curves and displayed in the Joints table (section 10).
The main statistics for pipe evaluation are:
- Penetration: considers only the finger of maximum
2. The Multifinger Caliper (MFC) radius. 100% penetration implies a through wall hole:
An array of independent fingers that measure the (2 ∗ 𝑅𝐴𝐷𝑀𝐴𝑋 − 𝐼𝐷𝑁𝑂𝑀)
𝑃𝑒𝑛 =
radius from the centre of (𝑂𝐷𝑁𝑂𝑀 − 𝐼𝐷𝑁𝑂𝑀)
the tool to the pipe wall.
- Metal loss: Uses all fingers. Applied to homogenous
MFC come with different
corrosion, mechanical properties calculations, etc.
number of fingers, and the 𝐼𝐷2
𝑛 𝑖2
selection is based on the Images can be oriented using relative bearing (low 1 ∑𝑖=1 (𝑅𝐴𝐷 − 4 )
𝑀loss =
pipe ID(s) to log. Some side on the centre). 𝑛 (𝑂𝐷2 − 𝐼𝐷2 )
examples: - Ovalization: Difference between
- 24 fingers: up to 4.5’’ ID 6. Quality check maximum and minimum ID. May be due
- 40 fingers: up to 7’’ ID - Depth correlation. Can use MFC GR against OH GR, or to formation stresses or induced by the
- 60 fingers: up to 10’’ ID manufacturing process:
CCL. This may involve or from the (𝐼𝐷𝑀𝐴𝑋 − 𝐼𝐷𝑀𝐼𝑁)
Edit/QAQC tab. 𝑂𝑣𝑎𝑙 =
The tool measures only during up passes. While 𝐼𝐷𝐴𝑉𝐺
running in hole the fingers are closed. At target depth - Reduction: Compares the minimum finger radius to
From this point all MFC processing steps are conducted the nominal pipe ID. Useful for deposition:
(TD) a motorized section opens the fingers.
𝐼𝐷
The tip of the fingers is coted in tungsten carbide to from the dialog in the Well Integrity tab. − 𝑀𝐼𝑁𝑅𝐴𝐷
𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 2
minimize wearing. As the fingers open and closes 𝐼𝐷
responding to ID variations, an actuator rod moves in One or more fingers may be unresponsive or 2
mechanically stuck. Need to remove it from 10. Results per joint
and out of a displacement transducer (LVDT). This
the analysis. The Bad fingers option replaces To report the statistics of the main tubing/casing joint
generates an electrical response that is transformed
the selected finger body it is necessary to identify the connections
into a radius after a calibration.
by: between them. With the option, identify
- Average of the 2 connections using the CCL or a statistic peaks (metal
adjacent fingers.
loss in the image below). Also use the option
- Mean or median of
to interactively define joints. A Joints track shows the
all fingers in the
location of the joints and connections, and the colour
depth range.
coding is based on the penetration or reduction.
Remove bearing
The MFC can miss small holes. The fingertip width is correction to assess
~1.6 mm. The percentage of the pipe covered is: individual finger
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑝 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ ∗ # 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠 response.
%𝐶𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 = ∗ 100
𝜋 ∗ 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝐷
7. Centralization
For example, a 40 finger caliper covers: Due to toolstring weight
- 16% of a 5.5’’ 17 lb/f and deviation, the MFC will
- 13% of a 7’’ 29 lb/ft not be concentric with the
pipe. As a consequence,
3. Toolstring the radius of the fingers
cannot be used directly. Tabulated results are available in the Joint
- MFC selection based on pipe(s)
Eccentric data is shown in table. Can also be accessed from the Well
ID. Consider tool OD and
the image in section 5, Integrity tab (Results) dialog.
restrictions in the completion.
- Strong centralizers above and with smaller radius on the
low side and larger in the 3D display per joint or depth interval. Apply
below the MFC (>40 lbf).
high side. clipping planes, take measurements, record
- Knuckle joints to decouple
Eccentric radii values are measured videos. Can display image without
toolstring weight.
from the centre of the MFC. The centralization to diagnose deformation (image in
- Swivel to minimize rotation.
objective of the centralization is to section 1).
- GR, CCL for depth control.
- Memory, battery/telemetry, find the centre of the pipe and
weight bars, etc. recompute the radii from there
- For leak detection jobs consider (r’ on the right). The centre is
temperature and spinner. calculated by fitting the points with
a circle or ellipse.
4. Operations
Prior to the job the MFC is run By default, an ellipse centralization is used. 11. Qualitative evaluation
through a number of rings. Untick the ellipse to use a circle. Deformation: characterized
For each finger, a calibration by more than one peak in
Exclude outliers based on the number of fingers
relates the transducer’s eccentricity, and changes in
that see the features (i.e. how big are the holes). When
response with the radius. direction between peaks.
expecting metal loss and deposition, use the Absolute
This might be repeated after The image on the left shows
strategy. For purely deposition, Minimum strategy.
the job. Shear, with two eccentricity
peaks. An extra peak with
The cross-section can be used
MFC is recorded in a continuous up pass from TD (or changing direction would
deepest depth achieved by a dummy run prior to the to QC the centralization. Tick lead to a Bend.
job). The cable speed is lower than 9 m/min to the markers option. Excluded Centralization masks
achieve 100 samples per foot. fingers are shown in blue. deformation. DO NOT
Apart from the main pass, one or more repeat passes centralize automatically.
may be recorded over intervals of interest. Ovalization: features 2
8. Recalibration maxima and 2 minima
Data output from the tool consists of one radius per Radii computed with original ring at the same depth.
finger. DO NOT centralize the data automatically in calibration (section 4) may not Unlike deformation
the acquisition system. remain valid due to fingertip wear, with changes in
changes in electronics (larger direction, ovalization is
5. Data loading resistance), or invalid calibrations. not masked by
The fingers will show consistently centralization. A cross-
Load OH logs from for depth correlation and higher/lower values, and a stripped section is shown in
to complement the analysis. Define behaviour will be observed. section 9.
(optional).