Computer

Network
Inas Rahma Alifia
11230940000025
01 Definition of Computer Network Table of Contents

02 Benefits of Computer Network

03 History of Computer Network

04 Types of Computer Network

04 Hardware Network

04 Topology
 01
Definition of Computer
Network
 Definition of Computer
Network
A computer network is a set of computers that are connected by cables or
connect wirelessly via radio wave. Explore the definition and different types of
computer networks and learn about ethernet, network connection types, and
cable types.
 02
History of Computer
Network
 History

Computer networking was born in the 1940s in America from a MODEL I computer
development project in Bell's laboratory and Harvard University's research group
led by professor H. Aiken. At first the project just wanted to take advantage of a
computer device that must be used together.In the 1950s when the type of
computer began to grow until the creation of a super computer, then a computer
had to serve several terminals. For this reason, the concept of time-based
process distribution is found which is known as TSS (Time Sharing System), then
for the first time the form of computer network (network) is applied.Entering the
1970s, after the workload increased and the price of large computer devices
began to feel very expensive, the concept of distribution process (Distributed
Processing) began to be used. In this process some host computers do a large job
in parallel to serve several terminals connected in series on each host computer.
 03
Benefits of
Computer Network
 Benefits

Resource Sharing Connectivity and Data Security

Communication and Management
o Data sharing is with the existence of a o Individuals in a building or workgroup o Important data will be safer and
computer network we canEasily share can be connected in a LAN network. easier when the data is stored
data such as documents, images, Some LANs with far apart locations centrally by using Shared Server.
videos, and others with colleagues in are connected to the WAN network.
distant locations even in different
countries.
o Hardware Sharing, if it used to be one
computer one printer, with a computer
network, one printer can be used by
several computers at once. Not only
printers, we can share storage and many
other hardware.
o Internet Access Sharing, a small
computer network allows multiple
computers to share a single internet
connection.
 Benefits

Performance Enhancement
Entertainment
and Balancing
Under certain conditions a network Computer networks, especially
can be used to improve the the internet, usually provide many
performance of some applications types of entertainment and
by distributing computing tasks on games. Like a multi-player game
several computers on the network. that can be played by several
users at the same time, or just
watching videos.
 04
Types of Computer
Network
 —Storage Area Network
o SAN or Storage Area Network: It is a network
that uses fibre optics channel for
communication and connects servers to
data storage devices through such
technology.
o SAN or System Area Network: It is another
type of network that links with high
performance computers having high speed
connections in a zigzag configuration. It is
also known as Cluster Area Network.
—Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A virtual private network (VPN) is a private
network that uses a public network (for
exam- ple, the Internet) to connect remote
sites and users. The VPN makes it appear to
computers, on each end of the connection,
as if they are actually connected to the same
network. This point-to-point connection is
emulated by encapsulating the packet in an
IP header. The information in the header is
used to route the information between the
two VPN endpoints.
—Intranet
An intranet is a private computer
network or single website that an
organization imple- ments in order
to share data with employees
around the world.
— Extranet
An extranet is similar to an intranet
except that it is extended to users
outside the com- pany, and possibly to
entire organizations that are separate
from, or lateral to, the company.
—Client Server Network
In the client/server model, the
device requesting the
information is called a client and
the device responding to the
request is called a server.
—Peer to Peer Network
In addition to the client/server model for
networking, there is a peer-to-peer (P2P)
model. P2P networking involves two distinct
forms: peer-to-peer network design and
peer-to-peer applications. Both forms have
similar features but in practice work very
differently.
 Based on the type of transmission

Broadcast Network Point to Point Network

A Point-to-Point (unicast) network consists of several
The broadcast network has a single
individual pair connections, from one device to another.
communication channel that is
To send packets from source to a destination, a packet
used together by all devices
on this type of network may have to go through one or
connected to the network. Small
more intermediate machines. Often have to go through
messages, called packages, sent by
many routes that may be different distances. Therefore
one machine will be received by
the route algorithm plays an important role in the point-
other machines.
to-point network.
 Based on the type of geographical

—Personal Area Network (PAN) —Local Area Network (LAN)

PAN stands for personal area network. A type of Local Area Network or LAN, is a type of computer
PAN computer network is a connection between network that covers local areas. By using various
two or more computer systems that are not too far network devices that are quite simple and popular,
away. Usually this type of network is only 4 to 6 such as using UTP (Unshielded Twisted-Pair) cables,
meters away. We use this type of network very Hubs, Switches, Routers, and so on. LAN networks are
often. For example connecting a cellphone with a often used to connect personal computers in an office
computer. to use together and exchange information.
 Based on the type of geographical

—Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) —Wide Area Network (WAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), is a type of Wide Area Network is commonly used to connect a
computer network that is wider and more network with another country or from one continent to
sophisticated than the type of LAN computer another. WAN can consist of various types of LAN and
network. This type of MAN computer network is WAN computer networks because of the wide
commonly used to connect computer networks coverage area of the WAN computer network type.
from one city to another. To be able to create a The Wide Area Network, usually uses fiber optic
MAN network, usually a telecommunications cables and embeds them in the ground or through
operator is needed to connect between computer underwater lanes.
networks.
 05
Hardware Network
 —Internet Service Provider (ISP)
o Internet service providers (ISP), which are
often also TSPs, connect their customers to
the Internet. The customer can be a home
user, a company, or a government
institution. All Internet users access the web
through ISPs. The ISPs cooperate with TSPs
and other ISPs to make sure that all users
have access to the web. This involves
implementing rules and stan- dards that
enable any user to communicate with any
other user regardless of location and
equipment type.
 —Router
o Router is used to form larger complex
networks by complex traffic routing. It’s the
ability to connect dissimilar LANs on the
same protocol. It additionally has the ability
to limit the flow of broadcasts. A router
primarily comprises of a hardware device or
a system of the computer that has more
than one network interface and routing
software.
 —Switch
People tend to benefit from a switch over a hub if
their home network has four or a lot of computers, or
if they want to use their home network for
applications that generate significant amounts of
network traffic, like multiplayer games or heavy
music file sharing. Technically speaking, hubs
operate using a broadcast model and switches
operate using a virtual circuit model.Switches are
capable of determining the destination of each
individual traffic element (such as an LAN frame) and
selectively forwarding data to the one computer that
actually needs it. By generating less network traffic
in delivering messages, a switch performs higher
than a hub on busy networks.
 —Access Point
o In a wireless local area network, an access point
may be a station that transmits and receives
data. Every access point can serve multiple
users within a defined network area; as people
move beyond the range of 1 access point, they're
automatically handed over to the next one.
o Wireless access points (APs or WAPs) are the
special-purpose communication devices on
wireless local area networks (WLANs). Access
points act as a central transmitter and receiver
of wireless radio signals. Mainstream wireless
APs support Wi-Fi and are most commonly used
to support public Internet hotspots and other
business networks where larger buildings and
spaces need wireless coverage.
 —Firewall
The firewall itself has several functions to protect
computer networks that can be described in the
following points:
1) As a network security post.
2) Prevent valuable information from leaking
without knowledge.
3) Record user activity.
4) Modify incoming data packets.
5) Prevent modification of other party's data.
06
Topology
 Bus Topology

A bus physical topology is one in which all devices connect to a common, shared cable. A physical bus topology network
typically uses one long cable, called a backbone, Computers (workstations and servers) are attached directly to the
backbone using Terrestrial microwave-connectors. The backbone is terminated at both ends to remove the signal from the
wire after it has passed all devices. Most bus topologies allow electric or electro-magnetic signals to travel in both
directions.

—Advantages —Disadvantages
o Uses established standards. o Uses established standards.
o Relatively easy to install. o Relatively easy to install.
o Requires less media than other o Requires less media than other
topologies. topologies.
 Star Topology

Star topology is a type of network topology in which all devices (computers, printers, servers, etc.) are
connected to a central hub or switch. In this configuration, each device has a dedicated connection to the
central hub, and they communicate with each other through this central point.
—Advantages —Disadvantages
o Star topologies are relatively easy to o Star topologies require more cable than
reconfigure. most other topologies.
o Because all data in a star network goes o Moderately difficult to install.
through a central point where it can be o Hub failures can disable.
collected, stars are easy to troubleshoot.
o Media faults are automatically isolated to
the failed segment.
 Ring Topology

Ring topologies are wired in a circle. Each node is connected to its neighbors or either side, and date,
passes around the ring in one direction only. Each device incorporates a receiver and a transmitter and
servers as a repeater that passes the Signal to the next device in the ring. Because the signal is regenerated
at each device, signal degeneration is low.
—Advantages —Disadvantages
o Because each device incorporates a o More difficult to install and reconfigure than bus
repeater, you can easily find cable faults. topology.
o Dual loop rings can be very fault tolerant. o Faults in single loop system^ affect all devices on
the network.
o Because the ring requires a closed loop, more
media is required than with bus networks.
 Mesh Topology

Mesh topology is a form of network topology in which each node is directly connected to other
nodes on the network. To form a series resembling a net / net. Because each node is directly
connected to another node, when communicating, each node does not need an intermediary or
commonly called dedicated links.
—Advantages —Disadvantages
o Mesh topologies are easy to troublesh o Mesh networks are relatively difficult to install
are because each medium link is because each device must be linked directly to all
independent of all other. other devices.
o Mesh topologies resist media failure o Mesh topologies are difficult to reconfigure.
better than other topologies.
 Tree Topology

The tree computer network topology is a combination of several star topologies associated with a
bus topology, so each star topology will be connected to another star topology using a bus topology.
—Advantages —Disadvantages
o Network groups under the Central HUB can easily develop or o The overall network performance depends on the
add clients. Central HUB, if the HUB is damaged then the
o Communication occurs point to point. network will be disrupted. (star topology).
o Overcoming the limitations of the star network topology that o Communication that cannot be done directly
has limitations on the HUB connection point and the induced between computers, but must first go through the
traffic limitations on the Bus Topology. HUB.
o Because grouping is done, problem detection becomes o Because through a main cable, data traffic is very
easier. dense.
o If one client dies then the other will not be affected. o Although in terms of problem detection.
Thanks!
 Resources

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