LECTURE 1: ART AS A HUMANISTIC Human learn about self

DISCIPLINE
Basic question of humans: WHO AM I?

Answer: I am human being

THINKERS WHOSE THOUGHTS

WERE THE BASIS OF METHOD IN
THE HUMANITIES

WISDOM:

Socrates (469-399 BC - “Know thyself”

Augustine (354-430 AD) - “Withdraw into

THE TWO GENERAL FIELDS OF yourself truth dwells in the inner man”
LEARNING –
Thales of Miletus (620-546 BC) - “A
Sciences scientist tends to know everything about the
world that he forgets to know anything
● Deals with natural, physical about himself.”
phenomena
● KNOWLEDGE
Confucius (555-479 BC) - “The great sage”
● Become learned man
wise man
____________________________________
____________________________________
Humanities
LECTURE 1.2: THE HUMANITIES IN
● deals with human phenomena WESTERN CIVILIZATION
● WISDOM
● Become wise man HUMANITIES - humanitas (latin)

Divinitas - gods in the state of perfection in

PARADIGM FOR LEARNING IN THE heaven
SCIENCES
Humanitas - people in the state of culture in
Subject-Knower → scientific method → civilized society
Object known Barbaritas - savages in the state of nature for
survival
Scientist learn thing in world

Subject-Knower = Object known

THE PLACE OF HUMANITIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY - Human reason concerning
HISTORY OF WESTERN reality
CIVILIZATION
ART - Admiration (ART APPRECIATION)
Ancient of human-made objects and the human
● COSMOCENTRIC VIEW creativity (ART CREATION) by which
● PROTAGORAS: Man is the measure these objects are made
of all things. ____________________________________
● GEOCENTRISM: Man is at the ETYMOLOGY
center of the universe.
Art - Ars (latin) Skillful production or
Medieval performance
● THEOCENTRIC VIEW
● SCHOLASTICISM: Man is created
in the image of God
● Man is at the center of creation.

Renaissance
● ANTHROPOCENTRIC VIEW
● HUMANISM: Nothing is more
wonderful than man.

Modern
● SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOCENTRIC
WESTERN CONCEPT ART
VIEW
● Man is a part of nature.
Academic - Only schooled people are artists
Postmodern
Elitist - Meant for the higher social class
● ECLECTIC VIEW
● Man is a piece of everything.
Hierarchical - Liberal art and servile art,
____________________________________
high and low art, major art and minor art or
craft, fine art and practical art, folk art,
HUMANISTIC DISCIPLINES
indigenous art, popular art
HISTORY - Human events happening in
the world
WESTERN CLASSIFICATION OF
ARTS
LANGUAGE - Written and oral forms of
human communication
MAJOR ART - Made by artists and
primarily concerned with the form of beauty
MINOR ART OR CRAFT - Made by Pagkatao: culture - process of becoming
artisans and concerned with functionality human, personhood
and usefulness of human-made objects
(artifacts) Pagpapakatao - process of being human

____________________
THE SEVEN MAJOR ARTS IN FILIPINO PERSONHOOD
WESTERN CIVILIZATION Labas ng pagkatao which is katawan or
physical natin (e.g., kulay, tindig)
Visual:
PAINTING Loob ng Pagkatao which is yung intellect,
SCULPTURE emotion and moral (e.g., isip [matalino])
ARCHITECTURE
Lalim ng Pagkatao (kaluluwa / spirit) - anito
Performing: (banal)
MUSIC
DANCE CULTURAL IDENTITY “The worldview
DRAMA and values, beliefs systems, knowledge,
skills and practices, core principles and
Linguistic: Literature ideas shared by a society”

MINOR ARTS: CRAFT Pre-Colonial Period (Before 1500’s) - Had

our own cultural identity
Ceramics, Weaving, Sewing, Handicraft,
Carpentry, Masonry, Stone Cutting, Colonial Period (1500-1950) - Our identity
Gardening, Cooking destroyed by colonizers: Westernization of
____________________________________ Filipino Culture making us alienated from
____________________________________ our own
LECTURE 1.3: THE HUMANITIES
AND THE FILIPINO PERSONHOOD Post-Colonial Period (1950 onwards) -
Reclamation, affirmation and definition of
Humanities - Pagpapakatao, Mula sa tao, tao our identify in our own terms
Art here is realizing identity

COVAR’S FILIPINO
ANTHROPOLOGY

Katauhan - biological, born as human and

act human, personality
Western Concept Human being – composite of body and soul
● ART Academic Elitist Hierarchical
● Only schooled people are artists THREE HUMAN FACULTIES
Meant for the higher social class
High and low art, major art and craft The Senses – capable of Perception and
fine and practical art, folk, Sensing
indigenous
The Will – has emotions and feelings
Filipino Concept
● Art The Mind – capable of reasoning and
● no such Western distinctions thinking
_________________________________
Art – based on how we perceive reality
FATHER OF PHILIPPINE PAINTING - - meant for the pleasure of the eyes
DAMIAN DOMINGO (1796-1834)
Analysis of Art Based on the Three Human
ACADEMIC WESTERNIZED FILIPINO Faculties
PAINTER - JUAN LUNA (1857-1899)
Level of the Senses
1. Perceptual Elements Sense-Data:
____________________________________ ● Lines, Color, Shapes, etc.
____________________________________ 2. Representations
____________________________________ ● Things, People, Objects,
Events Level of the Will
LESSON 2: Art Appreciation and the 3. Emotional Suggestions
Human Faculties ● Happy, Sad, Afraid, etc.
Level of the Mind
4. Intellectual Meaning
Art Appreciation – center on the ability to ● Ideas, Concepts, Symbolism
view art throughout history, focusing on the
cultures and people, and how art developed
in the specific periods. Person as spectator/viewer Appreciate
Work of Art as object, and vice-versa
- difficult to understand without
understanding the culture, use of materials emotional Feelings
and a sense of beauty. intellectual Meanings
response to Communication and
Who Am I? – basic question in the Reaction
humanities the beauty Value that delights
I am a Human Being – basic answer
of artworks composed of shapes, colors etc. → Art seen
Painting, Sculpture, as pure form →Art seen as the object itself
Music
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________ ____________________________________
____________________________________ LESSON 3: VISUAL ARTS

LESSON 2.2: THE PROCESS OF ART

A. Painting
APPRECIATION
B. Sculpture
Art for? C. Architecture

PERSON as spectator/viewer → A. PAINTING

APPRECIATION → WORK OF ART as
object MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUES
1. Fresco (fresh in Italian) -Renaissance
ART APPRECIATION Period. It becomes part of the wall.
a. Buon Fresco (true fresco) –
water color paints are applied
to fresh plaster so that
pigments and plaster mix
chemically
b. Fresco Secco (dry fresco) –
the paint is applied to dry
plaster. It requires a binding
material like gum
2. Tempera – favorite medium of the
____________________________________ Medieval Period and the Renaissance. It
____________________________________ involves the application of pigments mixed
with egg yolk to a panel, coats of gesso
LECTURE 2.3: ART AND THE
(chalk and gum) have been carefully rubbed
PERCEPTION OF REALITY
down to create a glassy-smooth surface.
Art is talent skill passion emotion idea truth
reality goodness beauty form expression
representation power 3. Oil - oil painting over other mediums is
that it remains moist for a long time
ART IS REALITY
4. Acrylics – a synthetic medium which is
Art seen as representational image → Art water based paint made from acrylic resins
seen as abstract image but still Advantage: quick dry, durability,
representational → Art seen as form adaptability, can clean by water
 2. Sculpturesque Sculpture
5. Water color - mix with water 3. Built-up Sculpture
Transparent and opaque
________________________________ ____________________________________
THE ELEMENTS OF PAINTING: ____________________________________
1. Line C. ARCHITECTURE
2. Color
3. Value designing and constructing buildings or
4. Volume structures with durable materials following
5. Texture certain standards, so as to make them suited
6. Perspective to their purpose, and at the same time, are
a. Linear perspective also visually and aesthetically pleasing,
b. Aerial perspective practical, and comfortable
7. Form
8. Style Elements of Architecture As a visual art,
____________________________________ architecture ha seven elements:
____________________________________
1. Line – delineates shape, thus, there
B. SCULPTURE are geometric shapes (cylindrical
- the creation of three dimensional towers, box-like or square office
figures, forms or designs from a buildings, and pyramid structures.
single block mass of material 2. Value – refers to the amount of light
needed to suit the design’s purpose.
3. Color – paint can be applied to add
TYPES OF SCULPTURE beauty to buildings and houses.
A. Sculpture in relief However, the natural color of the
B. Sculpture in the round material used is by itself the appeal,
such those in brick houses.
Sculptural Modeling Techniques 4. Texture – refers to the materials in
1. Subtractive relation to the perception of touch.
2. Additive There is a big difference between the
texture of the marble and granite
Mediums in Sculpture when used in floorings of the
1. Stone structures.
2. Wood 5. Space – is created by the position
3. Terra Cotta and the materials used by the
4. Bronze designer. For example, glass
occupies lesser space than that of
Sculptural Concerns concrete.
1. Pictorial Sculpture 6. Volume
 7. Shape and Form

Architectural Styles
◦ Historically and traditionally, architecture
has followed a succession of recognizable
styles that are identified as Gothic, Baroque,
or Neo-Classical; or it has a homogenous
style associated with a particular culture,
such as Greek, Roman, or Egyptian.

Architectural Planning
- Planning is an important phase in
architecture. There are general
principles to take into account when
planning for a construction.

1. Orientation – this means the

maximum use and control of the
effects of sun, wind, rainfall, and
other elements of nature.
2. Design – the modification to mitigate
the effects of the natural forces. For
example: porches, eaves, roofs, etc.
In Japan and other earthquake prone
places, earthquake proof structures
are standard designs.
3. Fenestration – control and
distribution of windows for light,
ventilation and heating.
4. Walls – for insulation and heating
control.
5. Colors – are used for their practical
and expressive qualities; such as for
reflection or for absorption of light.
6. Materials and techniques – depend
on the nature of the materials used
and their intended purposes