Class XI Chapter IV Physical Education and Sports for Children with Special Needs Written by:- [email protected] Table of Contents 1. Concept of Disability and Disorder 2. Types of Disability, its causes & nature (Intellectual disability, Physical disability). 3. Disability Etiquette 4. Aim and objectives of Adaptive Physical Education. 5. Role of various professionals for children with special needs (Counselor, Occupational Therapist,Physiotherapist, Physical Education Teacher, Speech Therapist, and Special Educator) Concept of Disability and Disorders Disability Disability is an impairment that may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory or some combination of these. Itis a functional limitation or restriction of an individual's ability to perform an activity. It means disability creates obstruction in the normal function or movement of an individual. It limits and restricts the activity of a person. Types of Disability Some individuals are disabled right at birth, others get disabled due to some incidence during the course of their lives. Some disabilities are as follows:Types of Disability Physical Disability It is a limitation of individuals’ physical functioning which may be related to the upper or lower body. These are generally related to musculoskeletal, circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems. Disability in mobility can be either inborn or acquired with age. 1. Sensory Disability Sensory impairment is when one of the senses; sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste is no longer normal. 2. Spinal cord disability: It can lead to lifelong disability. It generally occurs due to severe accidents. 3. Brain Disability: This type of disability occurs due to brain injury from external forces. 4. Vision Disability: This is related to vision problems that may be in-born or happen afterward. Vision disability may be mild, moderate, severe, or blindness. 5. Hearing Disability: It includes people that are completely or partially deaf. People who are partially deaf can use hearing aids. It can be evident at birth or occur later in life. 6. Cognitive or Learning Disability:It is a neurological disorder. It can affect an individual's ability to read, speak and write. 7. Memory Disorder: Individual who has auditory problems or difficulty in remembering something. 8. Dyslexia: Individuals have difficulties in writing, reading, and speaking.9. Intellectual Disability:This disability is related to the limitations of intellectual functioning (such as reasoning, and learning) and Adaptive behavior ( such as social and practical skills). Disability Etiquette Disability etiquette refers to a set of guidelines that can help people interact respectfully and appropriately with individuals with disabilities. Here are some key tips to keep in mind: Use people-first language: People-first language emphasizes the person, not the disability. For example, say "a person with a disability" instead of "a disabled person." Ask before helping: If you see someone with a disability who appears to need help, it's always best to ask first. Don't assume that they need or want your assistance. Respect personal space: Just like everyone else, individuals with disabilities have the right to their personal space. Don't touch or move their mobility aids or other assistive devices without permission. Speak directly to the person: If someone is using a wheelchair or other mobility aid, speak to them at eye level. Don't talk over their head or speak to their companion or caregiver instead of them. Avoid patronizing language: Don't use baby talk or overlysimplistic language when speaking to someone with a disability. Treat them with the same respect and dignity that you would extend to anyone else. Be aware of accessibility: If you are hosting an event or meeting, make sure that it is accessible to people with disabilities. This may involve providing ramps, accessible seating, or other accommodations. Focus on abilities, not disabilities: Instead of focusing on what someone with a disability can't do, focus on their abilities and strengths. Everyone has unique talents and strengths, regardless of their disability. By following these guidelines, you can help create a more inclusive and respectful environment for individuals with disabilities. Aim And Objective of Adaptive Physical Education Adaptive Physical Education is an individualized program of instruction created for students with disabilities that enable success in Physical Education. Adaptive Physical Education provides a safe, personally satisfying, and successful experience for students of varying abilities. It is a diversified program and includes developmental and remedial activities.Aim: Adaptive Physical Education aims to ensure that the child is provided with physical education services that meet his/her needs, and that aim to achieve physical, mental, emotional, and social growth. Objectives: * To develop students’ motor skills * To develop self-esteem and promote sportsmanship * To develop social qualities for adjustment in the society + To provide an opportunity to learn and to participate in several appropriate recreational and leisure time sports and activities. * To develop organic and neuromuscular systems + To develop knowledge and an appreciation of his physical and mental limitations. + To help students to understand and appreciate a variety of sports that can enjoy as non-participants or spectators. Role Of Various Professionals For Children With Special Needs Role of Various Professionals Role of counselor A school counselor helps children in all ways, be it academic, social, behavioral,al or emotional. They work in collaboration with the parents, teachers, and special educators to create a healthy learning environment that makes them feel comfortable.Role of Occupational Therapist The Occupational Therapist will provide education and resources to teachers and parents about how children typically develop motor skills and how to promote this development in the classroom and at home. They help teachers learn to recognize and help children who may have motor skill problems which are making some daily activities a challenge to learn. Role of Physiotherapist Physiotherapy is an allied health care profession that promotes the health and well-being of all. It aims to help maximize movement and functions when someone is affected by injury, illness, developmental delay or other disability. Role of Physical Education Teacher Physical Education Teachers are responsible for the education of primary and secondary school students in physical activity and psychomotor learning. He is responsible for the overall wellness and development of students. PET evaluates the student's performance, attitude, and level of Physical Fitness. Students are evaluated in periodic tests that give teachers a better picture of students’ overall health and level of athletic skill.Role of Speech Therapist Speech and language therapy is concerned with the identification, assessment, and support of speech, language, and communication of children. They work closely with parents, teachers, nurses, occupational therapists, and doctors. Speech and language therapists have an important role in supporting schools to meet the needs of children. Concept of Inclusion Inclusion is an educational practice where every person can participate equally in all social processes. It is an approach to educating students with special educational needs. In this inclusion approach, students with special needs are fully integrated into the general education classrooms at a school. The ideology of Inclusion philosophy is, that every individual, regardless of his/her disabilities, has the right to be incorporated fully into society. Fully inclusive schools don't separate general and special education, where all students learn together. Need for Inclusive Education The need for Inclusion is very much there to improve the motor skills of students with disabilities. Institutions need to provide equal chances to every disabled student to participate as per their abilities to boost theirconfidence level.Normal students get a chance to increase friendships with disabled children. Diversified teaching strategies benefit all students. Children with disabilities learn more from other students, which develops their social and communication skills. Implementation of Inclusive education * Teaching must be planned with all students in mind as per their abilities * Teaching lessons must encourage the participation of all students + Ensure that every student is actively involved + Students are encouraged to support each other in learning + Proper support is provided in case students experience difficulties + Students should feel that they have somebody to speak to when they are worried + All students are equally valued + Teachers and students treat each other with respect * The school must be accessible to all students + Teachers should make sure that all students participate and learn + The school should monitor the participation, and achievement of all students