ENGL 1301 Rhetorical Analysis Notes Assignment

Instructions: Following the example of Dr. Nelson in the Rhetorical Analysis Demo videos,
analyze the rhetorical situation and rhetorical strategies and appeals of your peer reviewed
journal article. Complete each chart with information and evidence gathered from your peer
reviewed journal article in order to document your analysis of that text.

I. Reference
Reference Pattern for Peer Reviewed Journal Articles:

Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Journal Title, vol. #, no. #, year, pp. ##-##.
Database Name, doi number or stable url.

Reference for Your Article:

Freeman, Breanne, et al. “Opportunities and Challenges of Kava in Lung Cancer

Prevention.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol 1, no 1 2023, 24, 9539.
Academic Search Complete, 2824010579.

II. Rhetorical Situation

Rhetorical Situation Quoted Evidence Explanation

Genre “Opportunities and Title: It briefly tells us what the

Challenges of Kava in article will explain to us.
Lung Cancer
Prevention”

“Lung cancer is the

leading cause of
cancer-related deaths due Abstract: Explains and summarizes
to its high incidence, late what will be discussed in the article.
diagnosis, and limited
success in clinical
treatment. Prevention
therefore is critical to
help improve lung
cancer management.
Although tobacco
control and tobacco
cessation are effective
strategies for lung cancer
prevention.”(1)

“: lung cancer Keywords: Words that will be used a

prevention; kava; lot in the article and that may be
tobacco smoke; lung useful to know their meaning.
carcinogenesis; risk
factors; mechanismbased
non-invasive
Introduction: It shows the background
biomarkers”(10)
of the topic, demonstrating why lung
“Lung cancer is the cancer is something important and
second most commonly dangerous in our society, giving
diagnosed mortality statistics and other things
non-dermatological and examples.
malignancy among both
men and women
globally, following
prostate cancer and
breast cancer,
respectively [1,2]. At the
same time, lung cancer
has been the leading
cause of cancer deaths Bodies: In these paragraphs we are
for decades due to its explained how lung cancer can form,
relatively late diagnosis, what are the things that increase the
poor treatment outcome, probability of having it, how these
and high prevalence.”(1) symptoms are related to tobacco
consumption, and they also show us
how common this type of cancer is.
and what is the most common thing
“Beyond tobacco that causes it. However, they also
exposure, many other teach us that consuming Kava reduces
risk factors have been the possibility of having it.
implicated to induce or
facilitate lung
carcinogenesis, including
age, genetics, lifestyle,
and exposure to
pollutants and certain
chemicals such as air
pollutants, asbestos,
radon, nickel, cadmium,
benzidine, vinyl
chloride, benzene,
ozone, and particulate
matter [30]. ”(10)
“Lung tumors can be
induced in A/J mice with
a single dose or several
doses of NNK and/or
BaP. These animal
models have been widely
used because of several
key advantages—the
simple procedures for
lung tumor induction (a
single dose or several
dosages of carcinogens
via i.p. injection or
gavage), the high and
reproducible tumor load,
and the relatively short
period for lung tumor
formation (17–26
weeks). ” (6)

“In addition, cancer

incidence rates were
lower in males relative to
females in South Pacific
nations with higher kava
consumption, which is
the opposite of global
trends, as previously
mentioned”(14)

“In summary, lung

cancer prevention should
be an important pillar for
its effective
management. This
review has documented a
promising potential for
kava and its
phytochemicals in
reducing human lung
cancer risk, supported by
its epidemiological
observations, preventive
efficacy of lung
carcinogenesis in Summary:At the end they give us a
multiple animal models, summary as a conclusion that
associated mechanisms, recapitulates the main theme of the
and the article, going through the ideas
mechanism-based discussed in the paragraphs.
biomarker changes in
pilot human trials”(16)

“onceptualization, B.F., Author Contributions: We are given

J.M. (Jessica the names that contributed to the
Mamallapalliand), T.B., investigations and what they
K.B. and C.X.;”(16) contributed to.

Abbreviations: A list of initials with

their meaning, used in the article, so
“8-OH-Gua that the public has knowledge of the
8-hydroxyguanine terms used to better understand the
article.
ADC Adenocarcinoma
AM Alveolar
macrophage

APAP Potentiate
acetaminophen ”(17) References: Section where the
resources used for the investigation
“1. Sung, H.; Ferlay, J.; were placed
Siegel, R.L.; Laversanne,
M.; Soerjomataram, I.;
Jemal, A.; Bray, F.
Global Cancer Statistics
2020: GLOBOCAN
Estimates of Incidence
and Mortality Worldwide
for 36 Cancers in 185
Countries. CA Cancer J.
Clin. 2021, 71, 209–249.
[CrossRef] 2. Siegel,
R.L.; Miller, K.D.;
Fuchs, H.E.; Jemal, A.
Cancer statistics, 2022.
CA Cancer J. Clin. 2022,
72, 7–33. [CrossRef]
[PubMed] 3. Nakamura,
H.; Saji, H. A worldwide
trend of increasing
primary adenocarcinoma
of the lung. Surg. Today
2014, 44, 1004–1012.
[CrossRef]
[PubMed]”(18)
“Table 1. The cancer
incidence in males and
females and the Table: Tables of collected information
estimated amount of that they show us to teach and give
kava consumed in truth to what they say.
different nations
(reformatted from”(9)

“Table 2. Different
biological activities of
compounds in kava and
related references.” (14)

“Figure 1. Risk factors Figure:Images that they provide us to

for lung cancer better explain the topic and so that we
development.”(4) have a clear image of what they are
telling us.
“Figure 2. Structures of
the six major
kavalactones and the
three flavokavains in
kava.”(8)

“Figure 3. Temporal
effects of DHM on
NNK-induced lung DNA
damage and tumors (data
reformatted from
references). ”(11)

“Figure 4. Potential
points of lung
carcinogenesis
prevention through the
use of kava”(16)
Situation, or Context \ Names of the authors can be found
below the title.

Author Breanne Freeman 1,†,

Jessica Mamallapalli 1,†,
Tengfei Bian 1 ,
Kayleigh Ballas 1 ,
Date of Publication Allison Lynch 1 ,
Alexander Scala 1 ,
Zhiguang Huo 2 ,
Location of Kristianna M.
Publication Fredenburg 3 , Adriaan
W. Bruijnzeel 4 ,
Carolyn J. Baglole 5 ,
Junxuan Lu 6 , Ramzi G.
Culture Salloum 7 , John Malaty
8 and Chengguo Xing 1,

21 April 2023

N/A

Highly qualified people in the field of

“Department of medicine, chemistry and oncology.
Medicinal Chemistry and All graduated, some with PHD.
Center for Natural
Products”

Audience People interested or They can be doctors doing other

related to the topic. research, people with lung cancer
looking for treatments to improve,
students who want to study on the
topic or do a project.

Purpose “This article will review The purpose is to inform about the
the epidemiological data, effects, risks and evidence with data
pre-clinical animal data, on the use of Kava in the treatment of
and limited clinical data lung cancer. More than anything,
that support the potential inform about the topic and investigate
of kava in reducing for the safety of future applications.
human lung cancer risk
via its holistic
 polypharmacological
effects. To facilitate its
future clinical
translation, advanced
knowledge is needed
with respect to its
mechanisms of action
and the development of
mechanism-based
non-invasive biomarkers
in addition to safety and
efficacy in more
clinically relevant animal
models” (1)

Argument “Lung cancer is the I Expect they will explain how kava
second most commonly can help against lung cancer, also the
diagnosed causes why it is such a frequent
non-dermatological problem in our society, and also, if
malignancy among both there are alternatives to Kava.
men and women
globally, following
prostate cancer and
breast cancer,
respectively [1,2]. At the
same time, lung cancer
has been the leading
cause of cancer deaths
for decades due to its
relatively late diagnosis,
poor treatment outcome,
and high prevalence.
There were about 2.2
million new lung cancer
cases with 1.8 million
deaths worldwide in
2020, representing
approximately 11.4% of
all cancers diagnosed
and 18.0% of cancer
caused deaths” (2)

”Although the focus of

this review is kava’s
potential in primary lung
cancer prevention,
compounds in kava,
 primarily flavokavains,
have also been reported
to reveal anticancer
potentials. Specifically,
flavokavains A and
B”(13)

III. Rhetorical Appeals & Strategies

Rhetorical Appeal Quoted Evidence Rhetorical Strategy Explanation

Logos Lung cancer is the The author claims and supports

second most his evidence.
commonly diagnosed
non-dermatological We can see a logical pattern by
malignancy among the use of numbers, percentages
both men and women and measurements.
globally. There were
about 2.2 million new
lung cancer cases with
1.8 million deaths
worldwide in 2020,
representing
approximately 11.4%
of all cancers
diagnosed and 18.0%
of cancer caused
deaths

Ethos “nceptualization, B.F., The author Jessica demonstrated

J.M. (Jessica a certain role in the research of
Mamallapalliand), this article as she was one of the
T.B., K.B. and C.X.; people who most participated,
writing—original wrote, reviewed and edited.
draft preparation,
B.F., J.M. (Jessica
Mamallapalliand),
T.B., K.B. and C.X.;
writ‐ ing—review and
edi” (16)

Pathos “The 5-year survival The authors give us a feeling of

rate of lung cancer relief and happiness by showing
patients has been us numbers that tell us that life
 increasing Int. J. Mol. expectancy with lung cancer is
Sci. 2023, 24, 9539. increasing, but then sad because
https://doi.org/10.3390 the increase is not very
/ijms24119539 significant.
https://www.mdpi.com
/journal/ijms Int. J.
Mol. Sci. 2023, 24,
They show us that technology
9539 2 of 24 over the
advances but we still cannot be
past four decades with
calm because it is not very safe
improvements in early
and fear prevails.
diagnosis and new
treatment options,
such as
molecular-targeted
therapies and
immunotherapies;
however, this rate is
still very low—barely
surpassing 22% in the
USA in 2022”(1-2)

IV. Evaluation of Rhetorical Strategies and Appeals

Logos

Do the appeals to logos in your text

1. fit the genre expectations? Explain.

Yes, the entire article has a lot of information and elements typical of a well-formed article.

2. fit the audience? Explain.

Yes, I think that the audience for this article is well defined since it delves deeply into the
topic, making it interesting and dynamic for students and common people.
3. fit the purpose? Explain.
Yes, I think that anyone interested in this topic can come away very well informed from
this article since it presents complete information and many sources of information.
 4. fit the context? Explain.

Yes, the article does a good job of informing its audience about lung cancer, what causes it
and this possible help that is Kava.

5. support the argument effectively? Explain.

Yes, the authors provide not only numbers and percentages, but they also give us tables of
results, images that we can understand and references.

Ethos

Do the appeals to ethos in your text

1. fit the genre expectations? Explain.

It does so very poorly, since almost no examples of ethos can be included in the text.

2. fit the audience? Explain.

I think that the few examples that there are do address the audience since the examples are
about people who can be admired by a student, like a doctor.

3. fit the purpose? Explain.

No, really, since the examples there are extracts that do not come directly from the text, but
rather from information such as the contributions of the authors.
 4. fit the context? Explain.

Not really
5. support the argument effectively? Explain.

Yes, since the information is clear, but it is simply insufficient.

Pathos

Do the appeals to pathos in your text

1. fit the genre expectations? Explain.

Yes, I feel like they do a good job creating emotions like worry, fear, even relief and intrigue.

2. fit the audience? Explain.

Yes, the main audience of this article is people who want to know about this topic either
because they suffer from cancer or are students, then the feeling of intrigue can easily be
given.

3. fit the purpose? Explain.

Yes, the purpose is to inform and by creating feelings of fear and intrigue it makes people
want to continue reading.
4. fit the context? Explain.
Yes, I think the emotions it makes us feel are appropriate since it is a strong topic that you
can feel afraid of because of the consequences, but it is intriguing because of how to avoid it.
5. support the argument effectively? Explain.

Yes, since the strong emotions it makes us feel go hand in hand with the fact that this
research gives somewhat positive results.

V. Formulation of Thesis Statement

Use one of the following formulas to craft your assertion about your peer reviewed journal
article and the reason that supports it:

Formula 1
[Author’s Last Name]’s article is in/effective in supporting its argument because it
[summarize what it does rhetorically in support of your assertion].

Formula 2
The argument of [Author’s Last Name]’s article is un/persuasive because it
[summarize what it does rhetorically in support of your assertion].

Your Thesis Statement:

Freeman’s article is effective in supporting its argument because they are supported by
data that can confirm their affirmations and the feelings that transmit to the audience are
accurate with the writing and the message.