Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2022

Pearson BTEC Nationals

In Engineering (31706H)

Unit 1: Engineering Principles

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January 2022
31706H_2101_ER
Publications Code 31706H_2201_MS (v.1.1)
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2022
Unit 1: Engineering Principles – 2201

General marking guidance

• All learners must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the
first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do, rather than be
penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme, not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer
matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award
zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according
to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
• Crossed-out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced
it with an alternative response.
Specific marking guidance

This mark scheme uses the following types of marks:

• M marks: method marks are awarded for ‘knowing a method and attempting to
apply it’, unless otherwise indicated.

• A marks: Accuracy marks can only be awarded if the relevant method (M) marks
have been earned.

• B marks are unconditional accuracy marks (independent of M marks)

• Marks should not be subdivided.

Abbreviations:

• ft – follow through

• cao – correct answer only

• cso - correct solution only. There must be no errors in this part of the question to
obtain this mark

• isw – ignore subsequent working

• awrt – answers which round to

• SC - special case

• oe – or equivalent (and appropriate)

• dp - decimal places

• sf - significant figures
 BTEC Next Generation Mark Scheme Template

Engineering Unit 1 - 2201

Question Working Answer Notes Mark

number

1(a) Gradient (m) = Δy/Δx m = -3 (negative) M1 for the process

of finding the
m = - (11 - -7)/ (4 - - 2)
gradient
m = -18/6
A1 for correct
Or answer for m
m = (11 - -7) / (-2 - 4) (cao)
(2)
m = 18/-6

B1 for correct
(b) m = -3 y = -3x + 5 answer for c (may
or be implied)

y = 5 – 3x
y = mx + c A1 for correct
answer for the
c=5
equation of the
y = -3x + 5 line (ft)
or
y = 5 – 3x (2)
Question Working Answer Notes Mark
number

2(a) θ = 20 x 2π/360 θ = 0.349 rad M1 for correct

θ = π/9 rad substitution of
values
θ = 0.349 rad
A1 for correct
Or Accept answers
answer for θ (ft)
rounding to 0.35
θ = π/9 rad
rad

Alternative method
2π rads = 360º
20º = 2π/ (360/20)
θ = 0.349 rad
Or
θ = π/9 rad
(2)

A = 6981 mm2 M1 for correct

(b) Area = ½ r2θ
Or substitution of
A = ½ x 2002 x 0.349 values (ft)
2
A = 6.98x10-3 m2
A = 6981 mm
A1 for correct
Accept answers answer for A (ft)
Alternative method
rounding to 7000
Area = πr2 x 20/360
2
mm2 or 0.007 m2
A = π x 200 x 20/360
A = 6981 mm2

R = 0.1  1745 oe
400000 (1)
(2)
Question Working Answer Notes Mark
number

3 2log3 = log9 N = 1.799 M1 for applying (3)

ylogx = log xy
N = log7 + log9 Accept answers M1 for applying
rounding to 1.8 logxy = log x + logy
N = log(7x9) (ft)
A1 for correct
N = log63 answer for N (ft)

N = 1.799
Special Case (SC)
If laws of
logarithms are not
applied, award a
maximum of 1
mark.

Question Working Answer Notes Mark

number

4 r = 140/2 = 70 mm V = 718 377 M1 for converting d

mm3 to r
Volume of sphere
M1 for correct
V = 718.377 cm3 substitution of
4
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 3 values (ft)
3 V = 718.377 x
4 10-6 m3
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋703 M1 for recognising
3
the need to halve
V = 1 436 755 mm3 the volume of a
sphere
Volume of hemisphere

V = 0.5 x 1 436 755 A1 for correct

answer for V(ft)
V = 718 377 mm3
A1 (dep) for correct
unit (5)
Question Working Answer Notes Mark
number

5 (a) c = 15n2 + 9n c = 3n(5n + 3) A1 for simplification of the

expression (cao) (1)
c = 3n(5n + 3)

Method one – quadratic formula n = 40

(b) 0 = 15n2 + 9n - 24360 M1 for correctly setting up
the equation (ft) e.g
−9 ± �92 + 4 × 15 × −24360
𝑛𝑛 = (0 = 15n2 + 9n – 24360)
2 × 15
M1 for the correct
−9 ± √1461681 substitution of values into
𝑛𝑛 =
30 the quadratic equation
n = (-9 - 1209)/30 formula
A1 for the correct answer
n = -40.6
of positive root 1 (n1)
And Accept final A1 for -
n = (-9 +1209)/30 40.6 and +40 but not
for -40.6 alone
n = 40

M1 for correctly setting up

Method two – factorisation
the equation (ft) e.g
0 = 15n2 + 9n - 24360 (0 = 15n2 + 9n – 24360)
M1 for the correct
factorisation
3(5n + 203)(n – 40) = 0
A1 for the correct answer
Or of positive root 1 (n1)
(5n + 203)(3n – 120) = 0 Accept final A1 for -
40.6 and +40 but not
n = 40 for -40.6 alone
n = -203/5 = -40.6 (3)
 I

Section B
Question Answer Mark
number

6 B - displacement (1)

Question Answer Mark

number

7 A - Pascal (1)

Question Working Answer Notes Mark

number

8 A = 15 x 6.5 A = 97.5 m2 M1 for correct (2)

(a) substitution of
A = 97.5 m2
values
A1 for correct
answer for A (cao)

A1 for finding
(b) Method one (x = h/2) centre of pressure
F = 3 108 543.75 N (may be implied)
F = ρgAx
F = 3.11 MN M1 for correct
x = h/2
substitution of
x = 6.5/2 values (ft)

x = 3.25 A1 for correct

answer for F (ft)
F = 1000 x 9.81 x 97.5 x 3.25
F = 3 108 543.75 N
F = 3.11 MN
------
Or A1 for finding
Method 2 (x = h/3) centre of pressure
(may be implied)
F = ρgAx F = 2 072 362.5N
F = 2.07MN M1 for correct
x = h/3
substitution of
x = 6.5/3 values (ft)
 x = 2.167 A1 for correct
answer for F (ft)
F = 1000 x 9.81 x 97.5 x 2.167
F = 2 072 362.5 N
F = 2.07 MN (3)

Question Working Answer Notes Mark

number

9 Momentum = mass x velocity (or B1 for correctly

(a) equivalent) recalling an
equation for
P = mv momentum

(1)
(b)
Conservation of momentum v3 = 7.5 m/s M1 for recognising
or setting up the
m1v1 = m1v2 + m2v3 conservation of
momentum
500 x 8 = 500x5 + 200v3
equation
4000 = 2500 + 200v3 M1 for correct
substitution of
v3 = (4000-2500)/200
values
v3 = 7.5 m/s M1 for rearranging
in terms of v3
A1 for correct
answer for v3 (ft)
(4)
Question Answer Mark
number

10 Award one mark for an initial statement and one further mark for an (2)
expansion, up to a maximum of two marks.

 More friction means less useful work / less efficient (1) as more
heat/sound is produced (1)
 More effort is needed (1) as friction causes resistance to
movement (1)
 Friction creates wear on moving parts (1) which reduces the
working life of the lifting machine / which results in maintenance
of the lifting machine (1)
 Friction allows the machine to grip / have better control (1) which
prevents the object being lifted from slipping (1)

Accept any other reasonable response

Question Working Answer Notes Mark

number

11(a) T = Fd T = 3.15 Nm M1 for correctly

recalling an equation (4)
d = 450 mm = 0.45 m for torque (may be
implied)
T = 7 x 0.45
M1 for correctly
T = 3.15 Nm converting mm and m
M1 for correct
substitution of values
(ft)
A1 for correct answer
for T (ft)
 W = 19.79 J
(b) Method 1 M1 for recognising s (3)
W = Fs = circumference of a
circle
s = 2πr
M1 for correct
s = 2 x 0.45 x π substitution of values
(ft)
(or s = πd
A1 for correct answer
s = 0.9 x π) for W (ft)

s = 2.83m
W = 7 x 2.83
W = 19.79 J

Method 2 M1 for recognising W

W = Tθ = Tθ
M1 for correct
θ = 2π substitution of values (ft)
A1 for correct answer for
W = 3.15 x 2 x π
W (ft)
W = 19.79 J
Question Working Answer Notes Mar
number k

12 CSA of bolt σ = 65 204 x 103 N/m2 M1 for correct

substitution of values
Area = π x 0.0162/4
(ft)
Area = 201.1 x 10-6 m2
A1 for correct answer
Or Area = 2.01 x 10-4 m2 σ = 65.204 MN/m2
for area (ft)

M1 for recognising that

σ = 65.204 N/mm2 the tensile force is
Tensile force Ft resolved into two
Fp = Ftsinθ components (may be
θ = 55º implied).
Accept answers
M1 for correctly
Fp = 16sin55 rounding to 65.2 N/m2
setting up an equation
Fp = 13.11 x 103 N for the
Or Fp = 13106 N perpendicular/direct
force Fp
M1 for correctly
recognising that θ =
Alternative method 55º (alternate interior
angles)
Fp = Ftcos35
M1 for the correct
Fp = 16cos 35
substitution of Tensile
3
Fp = 13.11 x 10 N force Ft=16kN
Or Fp = 13106 N A1 for the correct
answer of the
perpendicular/direct
Direct stress force Fp (ft)
σ = Fp/A M1 for correct
3
σ = 13.11 x 10 /201.1 x 10 -6 substitution of values
(ft)
σ = 65.204 N/mm2
A1 for correct answer
for σ (ft) (9)
 Section C

Question Answer Mark

Number

13 C - voltage regulation (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number

14 D - volt per metre (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number

15 Award one mark for an appropriate system. (1)

 Magnetic shielding/shielding (1)

 Magnetic screening/screening (1)
 Electromagnetic shielding (1)
 RF shielding (1)
 Faraday cage (1)
Question Working Answer Notes Mark
number

16(a) C = εA/d C = 2.4x10-11 F M1 for correct

substitution of
C = (6x10-10 x 1x10-3)/25x10-3 or
values
C = 2.4x10-11 F C = 24pF
A1 for correct
or answer for
C = 24pF capacitance (ft)
A1 (dep) for correct
unit (3)

M1 for correct
Q = CV
(b)
Q = 1.2x10-9C substitution of
Q = 2.4x10-11 x 50 values (ft)
Q = 1.2x10-9C A1 for correct
answer for charge
(ft) (2)
Question Working Answer Notes Mark
number

17(a) Total resistance of branch A R = 10.19 Ω B1 for the correct

10+10 = 20 Ω Accept answers answer for
rounding to resistance in
branch A
10.2 Ω

Total resistance of branch B B1 for the correct

3+30 = 33 Ω answer for
resistance in
branch B

1/R = 1/20 + 1/33 + 1/56

M1 for correct
1/R = 0.0981
substitution of
values in branches
A, B and C (ft)
(5)

R = 1/0.0981 M1 for rearranging

in terms of R
A1 for the correct
R = 10.19 Ω
answer for R (ft)

(b) P = V2/R M1 for correct

P = 7.94 W
2
P = 9 /10.19 substitution of
values (ft)
P = 81/10.19
Accept
P = 7.94 W answers A1 for correct
rounding to answer for power
7.94 or 7.95 (ft)

(2)
Question Working Answer Notes Mark
number

18 η = Pout/Pin I = 36.36 A M1 for rearranging

in terms of Pin
Pin = Pout/η
M1 for correct
Pin = 500kW/0.55 Accept answer
substitution of
that rounds to
values (ft)
36.4 A
Pin = 909.1 kW
A1 for correct
Or
answer for Pin (ft)
Pin = 909 091 W

Pin = IV M1 for rearranging

I = Pin/V in terms of I
M1 for correct
I = 909.1/25
substitution of
I = 36.36 A values (ft)
Or A1 for correct
I = 909091/25 000 answer for current
(ft)
I = 36.36 A (6)
Question Working Answer Notes Mark
number

19 V = IR ρ = 2.48x10-4 M1 for recognising

R = V/I the relationship
Ωm
between Ohm’s law
R = 9/1.9
and resistivity
R = 4.74Ω Or
M1 for rearranging
in terms of R
ρ = 0.248 Ωmm
M1 for correct
substitution of
values (ft)

Accept A1 for correct

answer for R (ft)
answers
rounding to
M1 for correct
2
A = πd /4 2.5x10-4 Ωm substitution of
A = π0.012/4 values
Or A1 for correct value
A = 0.00785 m2
for area (ft)
A= 7.85x10-5m2 ρ = 0.25 Ωmm
(area = 78.54 mm2)

M1 for rearranging
in terms of ρ
R = ρl/A M1 for correct
ρ = RA/l substitution of
values (ft)

ρ = 4.74 x 7.85x10-5/1.5
A1 for correct
answer for
ρ = 2.48x10-4 Ωm resistivity (ft)
(ρ = 0.248 Ωmm)
(9)
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