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Supplemental Reading 3

A one-to-one function maps each input to a unique output, so that no two inputs map to the same output. This can be determined through the horizontal line test, where a function is one-to-one if each horizontal line intersects the graph at most one point. The inverse of a one-to-one function undoes the original function by interchanging the input and output values and solving for the new output in terms of the new input.

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27 views2 pages

Supplemental Reading 3

A one-to-one function maps each input to a unique output, so that no two inputs map to the same output. This can be determined through the horizontal line test, where a function is one-to-one if each horizontal line intersects the graph at most one point. The inverse of a one-to-one function undoes the original function by interchanging the input and output values and solving for the new output in terms of the new input.

Uploaded by

Kaira Isabel Talabucon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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One-to-One Function

Supplemental Reading #3

DEFINITION:

A one-to-one function is a particular type of function in which for each output


value y there is exactly one input value 𝑥𝑥 that is associated with it. In other words, a
function is one-to-one if each output 𝑦𝑦 corresponds to precisely one input 𝑥𝑥.

If 𝑓𝑓 is a one to one function then no two points (𝑥𝑥1 , 𝑦𝑦1 ), (𝑥𝑥2 , 𝑦𝑦2 ) have the same 𝑦𝑦-value.
Therefore no horizontal line cuts the graph of the equation 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) more than once.

DETERMINING ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTION

A simple way to determine if a given graph is that of a one-to-one function is by using


the Horizontal Line Test.

A function is one-to-one if each horizontal line does not intersect the graph at more than
one point.

Example 1:

Consider the function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 3 which is shown in Figure 1. A horizontal line drawn on this
graph will intersect the curve only once. This means that each input value of 𝑥𝑥 yields a different
output value for y.

Example 2:
The relation pairing an SSS member to his or her SSS number.
Solution:
Each SSS member assigned a unique SSS number. Thus, the relation is a
function. Further, two different members cannot be assigned the same SSS
number. Thus, the function is one-to-one
Example 3:
The relation pairing a real number to its square.
Solution.
Each real number has a unique perfect square. Thus, the relation is a function.
However, two different real numbers such as 2 and -2 may have the same
square. Thus, the function is not one-to-one.
Inverse Function
Supplemental Reading #3

DEFINITION:
An inverse is a function that serves to “undo” another function. That is,
if 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) produces 𝑦𝑦, then putting 𝑦𝑦 into the inverse of 𝑓𝑓 produces the output 𝑥𝑥. A
function 𝑓𝑓 that has an inverse is called invertible and the inverse is denoted by 𝑓𝑓 −1 . It is
best to illustrate inverses using an arrow diagram:

In light of the definition, the inverse of a one-to-one function can be interpreted as the same
function but in the opposite direction, that is, it is a function from a 𝑦𝑦-value back to its
corresponding 𝑥𝑥-value.

GUIDELINE FOR COMPUTING INVERSE

Step 1. Write the function in the form 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥);


Step 2. Interchange the 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 variables;
Step 3. Solve for 𝑦𝑦 in terms of 𝑥𝑥.

This is because we are interchanging the input and output values of a function.

Example 1: Find the inverse of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 3𝑥𝑥 + 1.


Solution:
Step 1. The equation of the function is 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 + 1
Step 2. Interchange the 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 variables: 𝑥𝑥 = 3𝑦𝑦 + 1
Step 3. Solve for 𝑦𝑦 in terms of 𝑥𝑥:
𝑥𝑥 = 3𝑦𝑦 + 1
𝑥𝑥 − 1 = 3𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 − 1
= 𝑦𝑦
3
𝑥𝑥−1
Therefore, the inverse of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 3𝑥𝑥 + 1 is 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥) =
3

LEARNING CHECKPOINT!

Find the inverse of the following functions:


1. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 3 + 1
𝑥𝑥+2
2. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) =
𝑥𝑥−2
3. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 2

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