AN INTROD UCTION Lecture 1

History and theories of architecture

Announcement ‫اعالن هام‬

Lecture 1 Handouts
The handouts will be an abridged copy of the lecture
but it covers all of the content’s topics to be taught

‫هذه النسخه هى نسخة مختصرة من المحاضرة األصلية ولكن المادة العلمية‬

‫المدرجة كاملة بما مقرر تدريسه‬

Arc 231 - First term 2022 - 2023

WITH
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
HANAA MOOSA
 WHAT WE'LL DISCUSS
Introduce yourself
Your Professor
Why Study History &Theory of Architecture?t
How to Analyze History
Class Requirements
Theories (Design Elements - Primary elements)
point- line-plane-volume
Examples
Discussion
History: Pre-History
TODAY'S Stone age (paleothic, mesolithic,neolithic)
Discussion
TOPICS
ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA
 BE ABLE TO:
KNOW, DETERMINE, ANALYZE & COMPARE BETWEEN:

• Architectural factors & Values in ancient and classic Civilizations.

• Architectural elements.
• Circulation.
• Design Spaces & Projects

THE ABILITY TO

• Write research.
• Produce Designs influenced by the taught historical civilizations' architecture
• Produce Contemporary Designs based on the taught criteria and factors
• Use digital libraries.

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

 HOW WE STUDY HISTORY
WORK SHEET

Civillizations Elements & Principles Factors Benifit

Ancient Egypt Elements Political, Social. Develop
Mesopotamia Space cultural, architecture
Greek Construction environmental, design skills
Roman Walls social,
Early Christian & Openings ecomomical
Byzantine Form
Space
Organization
Circulation
Principles(unity, Balance,
Contrast,Proportion, Scale ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA
 OUR CLASS TIME

Design
Elements
of students continue studying history
from theories point of view

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

 Design Elements Point
Line
Primary Elements Plane
volume

The prime generator of

form , indicates a
position in space

http://tinsleysdesigns.blogspot.com.eg/2015/01/chapter-1-primary-elements.html

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

 Point
Design Elements Line
Plane
Primary Elements volume

A point extended to
become a line with
properties of :
• Length
• Direction
• position

Francis D.k Ching , Architecture Form , space and

http://illustrations.marin.ntnu.no/structures/analysis/FEM/theory/2.gif
order

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

Design Elements Point
Line
Primary Elements Plane
volume

A line extended to
become a plane with
properties of :
• Length & width
• Shape
• surface
• orientation
• position

http://illustrations.marin.ntnu.no/structures/analysis/FEM/theory/2.gif Francis D.k Ching , Architecture Form , space and order

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

Design Elements Point
Primary Elements Line
Plane
volume
A plane extended to
become a volume with
properties of :
• Length, width &
depth
• Form / Space
• surface
• orientation
• position

http://illustrations.marin.ntnu.no/structures/analysis/FEM/theory/2.gif

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

Francis D.k Ching , Architecture Form , space and order
 Design Elements
Primary Elements
Point

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

Francis D.k Ching , Architecture Form , space and order
 Design Elements
Primary Elements
Point

Francis D.k Ching , Architecture Form , space and order

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

 Design Elements
Primary Elements
Point

Much more
examples will be

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

illustrated during
the lecture

https://s-media-cache-
ak0.pinimg.com/736x/24/f8/75/24f87516f5df5dee4bc50bce1d8c89fa.jpg Francis D.k Ching , Architecture Form , space and order
 Design Elements
Primary Elements
2 Points -Line

The mall Washington

DC:
Two points
established in space

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

by columnar
elements or
centralized forms ,
can define an axis ,
an ordering device
that has been used
throughout history to
organize building
forms and space

http://www.principalspage.com/theblog/wp-content/uploads//2009/07/natl_mall.jpg
 Design Elements
Primary Elements
Line -Plane

Francis D.k Ching , Architecture Form , space and order

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

 Design Elements
Primary Elements
Line - Plane

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

Meenakshi
Amman Temple
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Madhura_meenakshi_temple_1000_piller.JPG
 Design Elements
Primary Elements
Volume

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

Piazza Maggiore : Sabbioneta , Italy

http://www.icsabbioneta.gov.it/home1/templates/a4joomla-landscape-free/images/sampledata/annunziata1.jpg
 PRE-
HISTORY
PALEOLITHIC

till 10000 BC

No Settelments
Search for food
Caves
Arts

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

 PRE-
HISTORY
PALEOLITHIC

till 10000 BC

No Settelments
Search for food
Caves
Arts

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

 PRE-
HISTORY
PALEOLITHIC

Lascaux Cave is a Palaeolithic cave situated in southwestern

France, near the village of Montignac in the Dordogne region,

Karen Armstrong, A Short History Of Myth,

2005
ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA
 PRE-
HISTORY
MESOLOTHIC
10000 till 8000 BC

tools
settlement
fishing
pottery
Mesolithic
Hut
ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA
 ANALYSIS TIME

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

 PRE-HISTORY
ARCHITECTURE
1.(in Wales) a megalithic tomb consisting of a
CROMLECHS large flat stone laid on upright ones; a dolmen.
2.(in Brittany) a circle of standing stones.

a megalithic tomb with a large flat

DOLMENS stone laid on upright ones, found
chiefly in Britain and France.

a tall upright stone of a kind

erected in prehistoric times in
MENHIR western Europe.

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

 Ggantija neolithic
temples
ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA
 Newgrange is a 5,200 year old passage tomb located in the
Boyne Valley in Ireland's Ancient East.

Newgrange was built by Stone Age farmers, the mound is 85m

(279ft) in diameter and 13m (43ft) high, an area of about 1 acre.

https://www.newgrange.com
/
ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA
 Readings
1- Architecture : form, space & order / Francis D. K. Ching
by Ching, Francis D. K. (Francis Du-Kam), 1943-
New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold, c1979

2- Fletcher, Banister. A history of architecture on the comparative method / by Sir

Bannister Fletcher University of London, Athlone Press London 1961

3- A short history of myth / Karen Armstrong

by Armstrong, Karen
Melbourne, Vic. : Text Publishing Company, c2005

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA

 Civilizations to be add to the Work Sheet

1- Pre – History
Stone Age –Paleolithic
2- Pre – History
Stone Age –Maleolithic
3-Pre – History
Stone Age –Neolithic
4-Pre – History
Metal Ages –Copper
5-Pre – History
Metal Ages –Bronze
6-Pre – History
Metal Ages –IRon

ASSOC. PROFESSOR HANAA MOOSA