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JSP Tutorial

This document provides an overview of JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology. It discusses how JSP is an extension of servlet technology that allows for easier web application development by separating design from logic. A JSP page consists of HTML, JSP tags, and scripting elements to insert Java code. Key advantages of JSP over servlets include being easier to maintain, not requiring recompilation for changes, and using less code through features like tags. The document also covers the lifecycle of a JSP page and provides a basic example of creating a simple JSP page.

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Chennamadhavuni Sahithi
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38 views

JSP Tutorial

This document provides an overview of JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology. It discusses how JSP is an extension of servlet technology that allows for easier web application development by separating design from logic. A JSP page consists of HTML, JSP tags, and scripting elements to insert Java code. Key advantages of JSP over servlets include being easier to maintain, not requiring recompilation for changes, and using less code through features like tags. The document also covers the lifecycle of a JSP page and provides a basic example of creating a simple JSP page.

Uploaded by

Chennamadhavuni Sahithi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JSP Tutorial

JSP technology is used to create web application just like Servlet technology. It can
be thought of as an extension to servlet because it provides more functionality than
servlet such as expression language, jstl etc.

A JSP page consists of HTML tags and JSP tags. The jsp pages are easier to maintain
than servlet because we can separate designing and development. It provides some
additional features such as Expression Language, Custom Tag etc.

Advantage of JSP over Servlet


There are many advantages of JSP over servlet. They are as follows:

1) Extension to Servlet

JSP technology is the extension to servlet technology. We can use all the features of
servlet in JSP. In addition to, we can use implicit objects, predefined tags, expression
language and Custom tags in JSP, that makes JSP development easy.

2) Easy to maintain

JSP can be easily managed because we can easily separate our business logic with
presentation logic. In servlet technology, we mix our business logic with the
presentation logic.

3) Fast Development: No need to recompile and


redeploy

If JSP page is modified, we don't need to recompile and redeploy the project. The
servlet code needs to be updated and recompiled if we have to change the look and
feel of the application.

4) Less code than Servlet

In JSP, we can use a lot of tags such as action tags, jstl, custom tags etc. that
reduces the code. Moreover, we can use EL, implicit objects etc.

Life cycle of a JSP Page

The JSP pages follows these phases:

o Translation of JSP Page

o Compilation of JSP Page

o Classloading (class file is loaded by the classloader)

o Instantiation (Object of the Generated Servlet is created).

o Initialization ( jspInit() method is invoked by the container).

o Reqeust processing ( _jspService() method is invoked by the container).

o Destroy ( jspDestroy() method is invoked by the container).

Note: jspInit(), _jspService() and jspDestroy() are the life cycle methods of JSP.
As depicted in the above diagram, JSP page is translated into servlet by the help of
JSP translator. The JSP translator is a part of webserver that is responsible to
translate the JSP page into servlet. Afterthat Servlet page is compiled by the
compiler and gets converted into the class file. Moreover, all the processes that
happens in servlet is performed on JSP later like initialization, committing response
to the browser and destroy.

Creating a simple JSP Page

To create the first jsp page, write some html code as given below, and save it by .jsp
extension. We have save this file as index.jsp. Put it in a folder and paste the folder
in the web-apps directory in apache tomcat to run the jsp page.

index.jsp
Let's see the simple example of JSP, here we are using the scriptlet tag to put java
code in the JSP page. We will learn scriptlet tag later.

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <% out.print(2*5); %>
4. </body>
5. </html>

It will print 10 on the browser.

How to run a simple JSP Page ?

Follow the following steps to execute this JSP page:

o Start the server

o put the jsp file in a folder and deploy on the server

o visit the browser by the url http://localhost:portno/contextRoot/jspfile e.g.


http://localhost:8888/myapplication/index.jsp

Do I need to follow directory structure to run a


simple JSP ?

No, there is no need of directory structure if you don't have class files or tld files. For
example, put jsp files in a folder directly and deploy that folder.It will be running
fine.But if you are using bean class, Servlet or tld file then directory structure is
required.

Directory structure of JSP

The directory structure of JSP page is same as servlet. We contains the jsp page
outside the WEB-INF folder or in any directory.

TOPICS of JSP Tutorial

1. JSP with Life cycle

2.[1.] JSP API

3.[2.] JSP in Eclipse

4.[3.] Scripting elements

o scriptlet tag
o expression tag
o declaration tag
5.[4.] Implicit Objects

6.[5.] Directive elements

o page directive
o include directive
o taglib directive
7.[6.] Exception Handling
8.[7.] Action Elements

9.[8.] Expression Language

10.[9.] MVC in JSP

11.[10.] JSTL

12.[11.] Custom tags

13.[12.] Development in JSP

Next TopicJsp Api

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The JSP API


1. The JSP API

2. javax.servlet.jsp package

3. The JspPage interface

4. The HttpJspPage interface

The JSP API consists of two packages:

1. javax.servlet.jsp

2. javax.servlet.jsp.tagext

javax.servlet.jsp package
The javax.servlet.jsp package has two interfaces and classes.The two interfaces are
as follows:

1. JspPage

2. HttpJspPage

The classes are as follows:

o JspWriter

o PageContext

o JspFactory

o JspEngineInfo

o JspException

o JspError

The JspPage interface


According to the JSP specification, all the generated servlet classes must implement
the JspPage interface. It extends the Servlet interface. It provides two life cycle
methods.

Methods of JspPage interface

1. public void jspInit(): It is invoked only once during the life cycle of the JSP
when JSP page is requested firstly. It is used to perform initialization. It is
same as the init() method of Servlet interface.

2. public void jspDestroy(): It is invoked only once during the life cycle of the
JSP before the JSP page is destroyed. It can be used to perform some clean
up operation.

The HttpJspPage interface


The HttpJspPage interface provides the one life cycle method of JSP. It extends the
JspPage interface.

Method of HttpJspPage interface:

1. public void _jspService(): It is invoked each time when request for the JSP
page comes to the container. It is used to process the request. The
underscore _ signifies that you cannot override this method.

We will learn all other classes and interfaces later.

Next TopicCreating Jsp In Eclipse IDE

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Creating JSP in Eclipse IDE with


Tomcat server
1. Creating JSP in Eclipse IDE with Tomcat
1. Create a Dynamic web project

2. create a jsp

3. start tomcat server and deploy the project

o Create a Dynamic web project

o create a jsp

o start tomcat server and deploy the project

1) Create the dynamic web project

For creating a dynamic web project click on File Menu -> New -> dynamic web
project -> write your project name e.g. first -> Finish.
2) Create the JSP file in eclipse IDE

For creating a jsp file explore the project by clicking the + icon -> right click on
WebContent -> New -> jsp -> write your jsp file name e.g. index -> next -> Finish.
Now JSP file is created, let's write some code.
3) Start the server and deploy the project:

For starting the server and deploying the project in one step Right click on your
project -> Run As -> Run on Server -> choose tomcat server -> next -> addAll ->
finish.

If you are using Eclipse IDE first time, you need to configure the tomcat server First.
Click for How to configure tomcat server in eclipse IDE
Now start the tomcat server and deploy project

For starting the server and deploying the project in one step Right click on your
project -> Run As -> Run on Server -> choose tomcat server -> next -> addAll ->
finish.
Yes, Let's see JSP is successfully running now.
Next TopicJsp Scriptlet Tag

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JSP Scriptlet tag (Scripting


elements)
1. Scripting elements

2. JSP scriptlet tag

3. Simple Example of JSP scriptlet tag

4. Example of JSP scriptlet tag that prints the user name

In JSP, java code can be written inside the jsp page using the scriptlet tag. Let's see
what are the scripting elements first.

JSP Scripting elements


The scripting elements provides the ability to insert java code inside the jsp. There
are three types of scripting elements:

o scriptlet tag

o expression tag

o declaration tag
JSP scriptlet tag

A scriptlet tag is used to execute java source code in JSP. Syntax is as follows:

1. <% java source code %>

Example of JSP scriptlet tag


In this example, we are displaying a welcome message.

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <% out.print("welcome to jsp"); %>
4. </body>
5. </html>

Example of JSP scriptlet tag that prints the user name


In this example, we have created two files index.html and welcome.jsp. The
index.html file gets the username from the user and the welcome.jsp file prints the
username with the welcome message.

File: index.html

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <form action="welcome.jsp">
4. <input type="text" name="uname">
5. <input type="submit" value="go"><br/>
6. </form>
7. </body>
8. </html>
File: welcome.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <%
4. String name=request.getParameter("uname");
5. out.print("welcome "+name);
6. %>
7. </form>
8. </body>
9. </html>

Next TopicJsp Expression Tag

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JSP expression tag


The code placed within JSP expression tag is written to the output stream of the
response. So you need not write out.print() to write data. It is mainly used to print the
values of variable or method.

Syntax of JSP expression tag

1. <%= statement %>

Example of JSP expression tag


In this example of jsp expression tag, we are simply displaying a welcome message.

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <%= "welcome to jsp" %>
4. </body>
5. </html>

Note: Do not end your statement with semicolon in case of expression tag.

Example of JSP expression tag that prints


current time
To display the current time, we have used the getTime() method of Calendar class. The
getTime() is an instance method of Calendar class, so we have called it after getting the
instance of Calendar class by the getInstance() method.

index.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. Current Time: <%= java.util.Calendar.getInstance().getTime() %>
4. </body>
5. </html>

Example of JSP expression tag that prints the user name


In this example, we are printing the username using the expression tag. The index.html
file gets the username and sends the request to the welcome.jsp file, which displays the
username.

File: index.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <form action="welcome.jsp">
4. <input type="text" name="uname"><br/>
5. <input type="submit" value="go">
6. </form>
7. </body>
8. </html>

File: welcome.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <%= "Welcome "+request.getParameter("uname") %>
4. </body>
5. </html>
Next TopicJsp Declaration Tag

JSP Declaration Tag


1. JSP declaration tag

2. Difference between JSP scriptlet tag and JSP declaration tag

3. Example of JSP declaration tag that declares field

4. Example of JSP declaration tag that declares method

The JSP declaration tag is used to declare fields and methods.

The code written inside the jsp declaration tag is placed outside the service() method
of auto generated servlet.

So it doesn't get memory at each request.

Syntax of JSP declaration tag

The syntax of the declaration tag is as follows:

1. <%! field or method declaration %>

Difference between JSP Scriptlet tag and


Declaration tag
Jsp Scriptlet Tag Jsp Declaration Tag

The jsp scriptlet tag can only declare variables not The jsp declaration tag can
methods. methods.

The declaration of scriptlet tag is placed inside the The declaration of jsp declarat
_jspService() method. _jspService() method.

Example of JSP declaration tag that declares field


In this example of JSP declaration tag, we are declaring the field and printing the
value of the declared field using the jsp expression tag.

index.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <%! int data=50; %>
4. <%= "Value of the variable is:"+data %>
5. </body>
6. </html>

Example of JSP declaration tag that declares method


In this example of JSP declaration tag, we are defining the method which returns the
cube of given number and calling this method from the jsp expression tag. But we
can also use jsp scriptlet tag to call the declared method.

index.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <%!
4. int cube(int n){
5. return n*n*n*;
6. }
7. %>
8. <%= "Cube of 3 is:"+cube(3) %>
9. </body>
10.</html>

Next TopicJsp Implicit Objects

← prevnext →

JSP Implicit Objects


1. JSP Implicit Objects

2. out implicit object

3. Example of out implicit object

There are 9 jsp implicit objects. These objects are created by the web container that
are available to all the jsp pages.

The available implicit objects are out, request, config, session, application etc.

A list of the 9 implicit objects is given below:

Object Type

out JspWriter

request HttpServletRequest

response HttpServletResponse

config ServletConfig

application ServletContext

session HttpSession

pageContext PageContext

page Object
exception Throwable

1) JSP out implicit object


For writing any data to the buffer, JSP provides an implicit object named out. It is the
object of JspWriter. In case of servlet you need to write:

1. PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();

But in JSP, you don't need to write this code.

Example of out implicit object


In this example we are simply displaying date and time.

index.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <% out.print("Today is:"+java.util.Calendar.getInstance().getTime()); %>
4. </body>
5. </html>

Output
Upcoming topics in JSP implicit Objects
Example of Request implicit Object
Example of Response implicit Object
Example of config implicit object
Example of application implicit object
Example of session implicit object
Example of pageContext implicit object
Example of page implicit object
Example of exception implicit object
Next TopicJsp Request Implicit Object

<<prevnext>>

JSP request implicit object


The JSP request is an implicit object of type HttpServletRequest i.e. created for each
jsp request by the web container. It can be used to get request information such as
parameter, header information, remote address, server name, server port, content
type, character encoding etc.

It can also be used to set, get and remove attributes from the jsp request scope.

Let's see the simple example of request implicit object where we are printing the name
of the user with welcome message.

Example of JSP request implicit object


index.html

1. <form action="welcome.jsp">
2. <input type="text" name="uname">
3. <input type="submit" value="go"><br/>
4. </form>

welcome.jsp

1. <%
2. String name=request.getParameter("uname");
3. out.print("welcome "+name);
4. %>

Output

Other topics in JSP implicit Objects


Example of out implicit Object
Example of Response implicit Object
Example of config implicit object
Example of application implicit object
Example of session implicit object
Example of pageContext implicit object
Example of page implicit object
Example of exception implicit object

3) JSP response implicit object


In JSP, response is an implicit object of type HttpServletResponse. The instance of
HttpServletResponse is created by the web container for each jsp request.

It can be used to add or manipulate response such as redirect response to another resource, send
error etc.

Let's see the example of response implicit object where we are redirecting the response to the
Google.

Example of response implicit object


index.html
1. <form action="welcome.jsp">
2. <input type="text" name="uname">
3. <input type="submit" value="go"><br/>
4. </form>
welcome.jsp
1. <%
2. response.sendRedirect("http://www.google.com");
3. %>

Output
Other topics in JSP implicit Objects
Example of outt implicit Object
Example of Request implicit Object
Example of config implicit object
Example of application implicit object
Example of session implicit object
Example of pageContext implicit object
Example of page implicit object
Example of exception implicit object

<<prev

4) JSP config implicit object


In JSP, config is an implicit object of type ServletConfig. This object can be used to get
initialization parameter for a particular JSP page. The config object is created by the
web container for each jsp page.

Generally, it is used to get initialization parameter from the web.xml file.

Example of config implicit object:


index.html
1. <form action="welcome">
2. <input type="text" name="uname">
3. <input type="submit" value="go"><br/>
4. </form>
web.xml file
1. <web-app>
2.
3. <servlet>
4. <servlet-name>sonoojaiswal</servlet-name>
5. <jsp-file>/welcome.jsp</jsp-file>
6.
7. <init-param>
8. <param-name>dname</param-name>
9. <param-value>sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver</param-value>
10.</init-param>
11.
12.</servlet>
13.
14.<servlet-mapping>
15.<servlet-name>sonoojaiswal</servlet-name>
16.<url-pattern>/welcome</url-pattern>
17.</servlet-mapping>
18.
19.</web-app>
welcome.jsp
1. <%
2. out.print("Welcome "+request.getParameter("uname"));
3.
4. String driver=config.getInitParameter("dname");
5. out.print("driver name is="+driver);
6. %>

Output
Other topics in JSP implicit Objects
Example of out implicit Object
Example of request implicit object
Example of Response implicit Object
Example of application implicit object
Example of session implicit object
Example of pageContext implicit object
Example of page implicit object
Example of exception implicit object
5) JSP application implicit object
In JSP, application is an implicit object of type ServletContext.

The instance of ServletContext is created only once by the web container when
application or project is deployed on the server.

This object can be used to get initialization parameter from configuaration file
(web.xml). It can also be used to get, set or remove attribute from the application
scope.

This initialization parameter can be used by all jsp pages.

Example of application implicit object:


index.html
1. <form action="welcome">
2. <input type="text" name="uname">
3. <input type="submit" value="go"><br/>
4. </form>
web.xml file
1. <web-app>
2.
3. <servlet>
4. <servlet-name>sonoojaiswal</servlet-name>
5. <jsp-file>/welcome.jsp</jsp-file>
6. </servlet>
7.
8. <servlet-mapping>
9. <servlet-name>sonoojaiswal</servlet-name>
10.<url-pattern>/welcome</url-pattern>
11.</servlet-mapping>
12.
13.<context-param>
14.<param-name>dname</param-name>
15.<param-value>sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver</param-value>
16.</context-param>
17.
18.</web-app>
welcome.jsp
1. <%
2.
3. out.print("Welcome "+request.getParameter("uname"));
4.
5. String driver=application.getInitParameter("dname");
6. out.print("driver name is="+driver);
7.
8. %>

Output
session implicit object
In JSP, session is an implicit object of type HttpSession.The Java developer can use
this object to set,get or remove attribute or to get session information.

Example of session implicit object


index.html

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <form action="welcome.jsp">
4. <input type="text" name="uname">
5. <input type="submit" value="go"><br/>
6. </form>
7. </body>
8. </html>

welcome.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <%
4.
5. String name=request.getParameter("uname");
6. out.print("Welcome "+name);
7.
8. session.setAttribute("user",name);
9.
10.<a href="second.jsp">second jsp page</a>
11.
12.%>
13.</body>
14.</html>

second.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <%
4.
5. String name=(String)session.getAttribute("user");
6. out.print("Hello "+name);
7.
8. %>
9. </body>
10.</html>

Output
7) pageContext implicit object
In JSP, pageContext is an implicit object of type PageContext class.The pageContext
object can be used to set,get or remove attribute from one of the following scopes:

o page

o request

o session

o application

In JSP, page scope is the default scope.

Example of pageContext implicit object


index.html

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <form action="welcome.jsp">
4. <input type="text" name="uname">
5. <input type="submit" value="go"><br/>
6. </form>
7. </body>
8. </html>

welcome.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <%
4.
5. String name=request.getParameter("uname");
6. out.print("Welcome "+name);
7.
8. pageContext.setAttribute("user",name,PageContext.SESSION_SCOPE);
9.
10.<a href="second.jsp">second jsp page</a>
11.
12.%>
13.</body>
14.</html>

second.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <%
4.
5. String name=(String)pageContext.getAttribute("user",PageContext.SESSION_SCOPE);
6. out.print("Hello "+name);
7.
8. %>
9. </body>
10.</html>

Output
8) page implicit object:
In JSP, page is an implicit object of type Object class.This object is assigned to the
reference of auto generated servlet class. It is written as:
Object page=this;
For using this object it must be cast to Servlet type.For example:
<% (HttpServlet)page.log("message"); %>
Since, it is of type Object it is less used because you can use this object directly in
jsp.For example:
<% this.log("message"); %>

9) exception implicit object


In JSP, exception is an implicit object of type java.lang.Throwable class. This object
can be used to print the exception. But it can only be used in error pages.It is better
to learn it after page directive. Let's see a simple example:

Example of exception implicit object:


error.jsp
1. <%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>
2. <html>
3. <body>
4.
5. Sorry following exception occured:<%= exception %>
6.
7. </body>
8. </html>

To get the full example, click here full example of exception handling in jsp. But, it will
be better to learn it after the JSP Directives.

JSP directives
1. JSP directives

1. page directive

2. Attributes of page directive

The jsp directives are messages that tells the web container how to translate a JSP
page into the corresponding servlet.

There are three types of directives:

o page directive

o include directive

o taglib directive

Syntax of JSP Directive

1. <%@ directive attribute="value" %>


JSP page directive
The page directive defines attributes that apply to an entire JSP page.

Syntax of JSP page directive

1. <%@ page attribute="value" %>

Attributes of JSP page directive

o import

o contentType

o extends

o info

o buffer

o language

o isELIgnored

o isThreadSafe

o autoFlush

o session

o pageEncoding

o errorPage

o isErrorPage

1)import

The import attribute is used to import class,interface or all the members of a


package.It is similar to import keyword in java class or interface.
Example of import attribute
1. <html>
2. <body>
3.
4. <%@ page import="java.util.Date" %>
5. Today is: <%= new Date() %>
6.
7. </body>
8. </html>

2)contentType

The contentType attribute defines the MIME(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)


type of the HTTP response.The default value is "text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1".

Example of contentType attribute


1. <html>
2. <body>
3.
4. <%@ page contentType=application/msword %>
5. Today is: <%= new java.util.Date() %>
6.
7. </body>
8. </html>

3)extends

The extends attribute defines the parent class that will be inherited by the generated
servlet.It is rarely used.

4)info
This attribute simply sets the information of the JSP page which is retrieved later by
using getServletInfo() method of Servlet interface.

Example of info attribute


1. <html>
2. <body>
3.
4. <%@ page info="composed by Sonoo Jaiswal" %>
5. Today is: <%= new java.util.Date() %>
6.
7. </body>
8. </html>

The web container will create a method getServletInfo() in the resulting servlet.For
example:

1. public String getServletInfo() {


2. return "composed by Sonoo Jaiswal";
3. }

5)buffer

The buffer attribute sets the buffer size in kilobytes to handle output generated by
the JSP page.The default size of the buffer is 8Kb.

Example of buffer attribute


1. <html>
2. <body>
3.
4. <%@ page buffer="16kb" %>
5. Today is: <%= new java.util.Date() %>
6.
7. </body>
8. </html>

6)language

The language attribute specifies the scripting language used in the JSP page. The
default value is "java".

7)isELIgnored

We can ignore the Expression Language (EL) in jsp by the isELIgnored attribute.
By default its value is false i.e. Expression Language is enabled by default. We
see Expression Language later.
1. <%@ page isELIgnored="true" %>//Now EL will be ignored

8)isThreadSafe

Servlet and JSP both are multithreaded.If you want to control this behaviour of
JSP page, you can use isThreadSafe attribute of page directive.The value of
isThreadSafe value is true.If you make it false, the web container will serialize
the multiple requests, i.e. it will wait until the JSP finishes responding to a
request before passing another request to it.If you make the value of
isThreadSafe attribute like:
<%@ page isThreadSafe="false" %>

The web container in such a case, will generate the servlet as:

1. public class SimplePage_jsp extends HttpJspBase


2. implements SingleThreadModel{
3. .......
4. }
9)errorPage

The errorPage attribute is used to define the error page, if exception occurs in the
current page, it will be redirected to the error page.

Example of errorPage attribute


1. //index.jsp
2. <html>
3. <body>
4.
5. <%@ page errorPage="myerrorpage.jsp" %>
6.
7. <%= 100/0 %>
8.
9. </body>
10. </html>

10)isErrorPage

The isErrorPage attribute is used to declare that the current page is the error page.

Note: The exception object can only be used in the error page.

Example of isErrorPage attribute


1. //myerrorpage.jsp
2. <html>
3. <body>
4.
5. <%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>
6.
7. Sorry an exception occured!<br/>
8. The exception is: <%= exception %>
9.
10. </body>
11. </html>

Next TopicJsp Include Directive

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Latest 4 Tutorials on JavaTpoint

Jsp Include Directive


1. Include directive

2. Advantage of Include directive

3. Example of include directive

The include directive is used to include the contents of any resource it may be jsp file,
html file or text file. The include directive includes the original content of the included
resource at page translation time (the jsp page is translated only once so it will be
better to include static resource).

Advantage of Include directive


Code Reusability
Syntax of include directive

1. <%@ include file="resourceName" %>

Example of include directive


In this example, we are including the content of the header.html file. To run this
example you must create an header.html file.

1. <html>
2. <body>
3.
4. <%@ include file="header.html" %>
5.
6. Today is: <%= java.util.Calendar.getInstance().getTime() %>
7.
8. </body>
9. </html>

Note: The include directive includes the original content, so the actual page size
grows at runtime.

Next TopicJsp Taglib Directive

JSP Taglib directive


1.JSP Taglib directive
2.Example of JSP Taglib directive

The JSP taglib directive is used to define a tag library that defines many tags. We use the TLD
(Tag Library Descriptor) file to define the tags. In the custom tag section we will use this tag so
it will be better to learn it in custom tag.

Syntax JSP Taglib directive

1. <%@ taglib uri="uriofthetaglibrary" prefix="prefixoftaglibrary" %>


Example of JSP Taglib directive
In this example, we are using our tag named currentDate. To use this tag we must specify the
taglib directive so the container may get information about the tag.

1. <html>
2. <body>
3.
4. <%@ taglib uri="http://www.javatpoint.com/tags" prefix="mytag" %>
5.
6. <mytag:currentDate/>
7.
8. </body>
9. </html>
Next TopicException Handling In Jsp

Exception Handling in JSP


1. Exception Handling in JSP

2. Example of exception handling in jsp by the elements of page directive

3. Example of exception handling in jsp by specifying the error-page element in web.xml


file

The exception is normally an object that is thrown at runtime. Exception Handling is the
process to handle the runtime errors. There may occur exception any time in your web
application. So handling exceptions is a safer side for the web developer. In JSP, there
are two ways to perform exception handling:

1. By errorPage and isErrorPage attributes of page directive

2. By <error-page> element in web.xml file


Example of exception handling in jsp by the elements of
page directive
In this case, you must define and create a page to handle the exceptions, as in the
error.jsp page. The pages where may occur exception, define the errorPage attribute of
page directive, as in the process.jsp page.

There are 3 files:

o index.jsp for input values

o process.jsp for dividing the two numbers and displaying the result

o error.jsp for handling the exception

index.jsp

1. <form action="process.jsp">
2. No1:<input type="text" name="n1" /><br/><br/>
3. No1:<input type="text" name="n2" /><br/><br/>
4. <input type="submit" value="divide"/>
5. </form>

process.jsp

1. <%@ page errorPage="error.jsp" %>


2. <%
3.
4. String num1=request.getParameter("n1");
5. String num2=request.getParameter("n2");
6.
7. int a=Integer.parseInt(num1);
8. int b=Integer.parseInt(num2);
9. int c=a/b;
10.out.print("division of numbers is: "+c);
11.
12.%>

error.jsp
1. <%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>
2.
3. <h3>Sorry an exception occured!</h3>
4.
5. Exception is: <%= exception %>

download this example

Output of this example:


Example of exception handling in jsp by specifying the
error-page element in web.xml file
This approach is better because you don't need to specify the errorPage attribute in each jsp page.
Specifying the single entry in the web.xml file will handle the exception. In this case, either
specify exception-type or error-code with the location element. If you want to handle all the
exception, you will have to specify the java.lang.Exception in the exception-type element. Let's
see the simple example:

There are 4 files:

o web.xml file for specifying the error-page element

o index.jsp for input values

o process.jsp for dividing the two numbers and displaying the result

o error.jsp for displaying the exception

1) web.xml file if you want to handle any exception

1. <web-app>
2.
3. <error-page>
4. <exception-type>java.lang.Exception</exception-type>
5. <location>/error.jsp</location>
6. </error-page>
7.
8. </web-app>

This approach is better if you want to handle any exception. If you know any specific error code
and you want to handle that exception, specify the error-code element instead of exception-type
as given below:

1) web.xml file if you want to handle the exception for


a specific error code

1. <web-app>
2.
3. <error-page>
4. <error-code>500</error-code>
5. <location>/error.jsp</location>
6. </error-page>
7.
8. </web-app>

2) index.jsp file is same as in the above example

3) process.jsp

Now, you don't need to specify the errorPage attribute of page directive in the jsp
page.
1. <%@ page errorPage="error.jsp" %>
2. <%
3.
4. String num1=request.getParameter("n1");
5. String num2=request.getParameter("n2");
6.
7. int a=Integer.parseInt(num1);
8. int b=Integer.parseInt(num2);
9. int c=a/b;
10. out.print("division of numbers is: "+c);
11.
12. %>

4) error.jsp file is same as in the above example

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Next TopicJsp Action Tags Forward Action

JSP Action Tags


1. JSP Action Tags

2. jsp:forward action tag

3. Example of jsp:forward action tag without parameter


4. Example of jsp:forward action tag with parameter

There are many JSP action tags or elements. Each JSP action tag is used to perform
some specific tasks.

The action tags are used to control the flow between pages and to use Java Bean. The
Jsp action tags are given below.

JSP Action Tags Description

jsp:forward forwards the request and response to another resource.

jsp:include includes another resource.

jsp:useBean creates or locates bean object.

jsp:setProperty sets the value of property in bean object.

jsp:getProperty prints the value of property of the bean.

jsp:plugin embeds another components such as applet.

jsp:param sets the parameter value. It is used in forward and include mostly.

jsp:fallback can be used to print the message if plugin is working. It is used in jsp:pl

The jsp:useBean, jsp:setProperty and jsp:getProperty tags are used for bean
development. So we will see these tags in bean developement.

jsp:forward action tag


The jsp:forward action tag is used to forward the request to another resource it may be
jsp, html or another resource.

Syntax of jsp:forward action tag without parameter

1. <jsp:forward page="relativeURL | <%= expression %>" />

Syntax of jsp:forward action tag with parameter


1. <jsp:forward page="relativeURL | <%= expression %>">
2. <jsp:param name="parametername" value="parametervalue | <%=expression%>" />

3. </jsp:forward>

Example of jsp:forward action tag without parameter


In this example, we are simply forwarding the request to the printdate.jsp file.

index.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <h2>this is index page</h2>
4.
5. <jsp:forward page="printdate.jsp" />
6. </body>
7. </html>

printdate.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <% out.print("Today is:"+java.util.Calendar.getInstance().getTime()); %>
4. </body>
5. </html>

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Example of jsp:forward action tag with parameter


In this example, we are forwarding the request to the printdate.jsp file with parameter
and printdate.jsp file prints the parameter value with date and time.

index.jsp
1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <h2>this is index page</h2>
4.
5. <jsp:forward page="printdate.jsp" >
6. <jsp:param name="name" value="javatpoint.com" />
7. </jsp:forward>
8.
9. </body>
10. </html>

printdate.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3.
4. <% out.print("Today is:"+java.util.Calendar.getInstance().getTime()); %>
5. <%= request.getParameter("name") %>
6.
7. </body>
8. </html>

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Next TopicJsp Include Action

jsp:include action tag


1. jsp:include action tag

2. Syntax of jsp:include action tag

3. Example of jsp:include action tag without parameter

The jsp:include action tag is used to include the content of another resource it may
be jsp, html or servlet.
The jsp include action tag includes the resource at request time so it is better for
dynamic pages because there might be changes in future.

The jsp:include tag can be used to include static as well as dynamic pages.

Advantage of jsp:include action tag


Code reusability : We can use a page many times such as including header and footer
pages in all pages. So it saves a lot of time.

Difference between jsp include directive


and include action
JSP include directive JSP include action

includes resource at translation time. includes resource at

better for static pages. better for dynamic p

includes the original content in the generated servlet. calls the include me

Syntax of jsp:include action tag without parameter

1. <jsp:include page="relativeURL | <%= expression %>" />

Syntax of jsp:include action tag with parameter

1. <jsp:include page="relativeURL | <%= expression %>">


2. <jsp:param name="parametername" value="parametervalue | <%=expression%>" />

3. </jsp:include>

Example of jsp:include action tag without parameter


In this example, index.jsp file includes the content of the printdate.jsp file.

File: index.jsp
1. <h2>this is index page</h2>
2.
3. <jsp:include page="printdate.jsp" />
4.
5. <h2>end section of index page</h2>
File: printdate.jsp
1. <% out.print("Today is:"+java.util.Calendar.getInstance().getTime()); %>

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Next TopicJava Bean

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Java Bean
A Java Bean is a java class that should follow following conventions:

o It should have a no-arg constructor.

o It should be Serializable.
o It should provide methods to set and get the values of the properties, known as
getter and setter methods.

Why use Java Bean?


According to Java white paper, it is a reusable software component. A bean
encapsulates many objects into one object, so we can access this object from
multiple places. Moreover, it provides the easy maintenance.

Simple example of java bean class

1. //Employee.java
2.
3. package mypack;
4. public class Employee implements java.io.Serializable{
5. private int id;
6. private String name;
7.
8. public Employee(){}
9.
10.public void setId(int id){this.id=id;}
11.
12.public int getId(){return id;}
13.
14.public void setName(String name){this.name=name;}
15.
16.public String getName(){return name;}
17.
18.}

How to access the java bean class?

To access the java bean class, we should use getter and setter methods.
1. package mypack;
2. public class Test{
3. public static void main(String args[]){
4.
5. Employee e=new Employee();//object is created
6.
7. e.setName("Arjun");//setting value to the object
8.
9. System.out.println(e.getName());
10.
11.}}

Note: There are two ways to provide values to the object, one way is by constructor
and second is by setter method.

Next TopicJsp UseBean Action

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jsp:useBean action tag


1.jsp:useBean action tag
2.Syntax of jsp:useBean action tag
3.Attributes and Usage of jsp:useBean action tag
4.Simple example of jsp:useBean action tag

The jsp:useBean action tag is used to locate or instantiate a bean class. If bean object of the Bean
class is already created, it doesn't create the bean depending on the scope. But if object of bean is
not created, it instantiates the bean.

Syntax of jsp:useBean action tag

1. <jsp:useBean id= "instanceName" scope= "page | request | session | applic


ation"
2. class= "packageName.className" type= "packageName.className"
3. beanName="packageName.className | <%= expression >" >
4. </jsp:useBean>

Attributes and Usage of jsp:useBean action tag

1. id: is used to identify the bean in the specified scope.


2. scope: represents the scope of the bean. It may be page, request, session or application.
The default scope is page.
o page: specifies that you can use this bean within the JSP page. The
default scope is page.

o request: specifies that you can use this bean from any JSP page that
processes the same request. It has wider scope than page.

o session: specifies that you can use this bean from any JSP page in the
same session whether processes the same request or not. It has wider
scope than request.

o application: specifies that you can use this bean from any JSP page in
the same application. It has wider scope than session.

3. class: instantiates the specified bean class (i.e. creates an object of the bean class) but it
must have no-arg or no constructor and must not be abstract.
4. type: provides the bean a data type if the bean already exists in the scope. It is mainly
used with class or beanName attribute. If you use it without class or beanName, no bean
is instantiated.
5. beanName: instantiates the bean using the java.beans.Beans.instantiate() method.

Simple example of jsp:useBean action tag


In this example, we are simply invoking the method of the Bean class.

For the example of setProperty, getProperty and useBean tags, visit next page.

Calculator.java (a simple Bean class)

1. package com.javatpoint;
2. public class Calculator{
3.
4. public int cube(int n){return n*n*n;}
5.
6. }

index.jsp file

1. <jsp:useBean id="obj" class="com.javatpoint.Calculator"/>


2.
3. <%
4. int m=obj.cube(5);
5. out.print("cube of 5 is "+m);
6. %>
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Next TopicJsp SetProperty And Jsp GetProperty Action Tag

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jsp:setProperty and jsp:getProperty


action tags
1. jsp:setProperty and jsp:getProperty action tags
2. Syntax of jsp:setProperty action tag

3. Example of jsp:setProperty

4. jsp:getProperty action tag

5. Syntax of jsp:getProperty action tag

6. Example of jsp:getProperty action tag

7. Example of bean development in JSP

The setProperty and getProperty action tags are used for developing web application
with Java Bean. In web devlopment, bean class is mostly used because it is a reusable
software component that represents data.

The jsp:setProperty action tag sets a property value or values in a bean using the setter
method.

Syntax of jsp:setProperty action tag

1. <jsp:setProperty name="instanceOfBean" property= "*" |


2. property="propertyName" param="parameterName" |
3. property="propertyName" value="{ string | <%= expression %>}"
4. />

Example of jsp:setProperty action tag if you have to


set all the values of incoming request in the bean

1. <jsp:setProperty name="bean" property="*" />

Example of jsp:setProperty action tag if you have to


set value of the incoming specific property

1. <jsp:setProperty name="bean" property="username" />


Example of jsp:setProperty action tag if you have to
set a specific value in the property

1. <jsp:setProperty name="bean" property="username" value="Kumar" />

jsp:getProperty action tag


The jsp:getProperty action tag returns the value of the property.

Syntax of jsp:getProperty action tag

1. <jsp:getProperty name="instanceOfBean" property="propertyName" />

Simple example of jsp:getProperty action tag

1. <jsp:getProperty name="obj" property="name" />

Example of bean development in JSP


In this example there are 3 pages:

o index.html for input of values

o welocme.jsp file that sets the incoming values to the bean object and prints the
one value

o User.java bean class that have setter and getter methods

index.html

1. <form action="process.jsp" method="post">


2. Name:<input type="text" name="name"><br>
3. Password:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
4. Email:<input type="text" name="email"><br>
5. <input type="submit" value="register">
6. </form>

process.jsp

1. <jsp:useBean id="u" class="org.sssit.User"></jsp:useBean>


2. <jsp:setProperty property="*" name="u"/>
3.
4. Record:<br>
5. <jsp:getProperty property="name" name="u"/><br>
6. <jsp:getProperty property="password" name="u"/><br>
7. <jsp:getProperty property="email" name="u" /><br>

User.java

1. package org.sssit;
2.
3. public class User {
4. private String name,password,email;
5. //setters and getters
6. }

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Reusing Bean in Multiple Jsp Pages


Let's see the simple example, that prints the data of bean object in two jsp pages.

index.jsp
Same as above.

User.java
Same as above.

process.jsp

1. <jsp:useBean id="u" class="org.sssit.User" scope="session"></


jsp:useBean>
2. <jsp:setProperty property="*" name="u"/>
3.
4. Record:<br>
5. <jsp:getProperty property="name" name="u"/><br>
6. <jsp:getProperty property="password" name="u"/><br>
7. <jsp:getProperty property="email" name="u" /><br>
8.
9. <a href="second.jsp">Visit Page</a>

second.jsp

1. <jsp:useBean id="u" class="org.sssit.User" scope="session"></


jsp:useBean>
2. Record:<br>
3. <jsp:getProperty property="name" name="u"/><br>
4. <jsp:getProperty property="password" name="u"/><br>
5. <jsp:getProperty property="email" name="u" /><br>

Using variable value in setProperty tag


In some case, you may get some value from the database, that is to be set in the bean object, in
such case, you need to use expression tag. For example:

process.jsp

1. <jsp:useBean id="u" class="org.sssit.User"></jsp:useBean>


2. <%
3. String name="arjun";
4. %>
5. <jsp:setProperty property="name" name="u" value="<%=name %>"/>
6.
7. Record:<br>
8. <jsp:getProperty property="name" name="u"/><br>
Next TopicDisplaying Applet In Jsp

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Expression Language (EL) in JSP


1. Expression Language (EL) in JSP

2. Implicit Objects in Expression Language

3. Simple example of Expression Language that prints the name of the user

4. Example of Expression Language that prints the value set in the session scope

5. Precedence of Operators in EL

6. Reserve words in EL

The Expression Language (EL) simplifies the accessibility of data stored in the Java
Bean component, and other objects like request, session, application etc.

There are many implicit objects, operators and reserve words in EL.

It is the newly added feature in JSP technology version 2.0.

Syntax for Expression Language (EL)

1. ${ expression }

Implicit Objects in Expression Language


(EL)
There are many implicit objects in the Expression Language. They are as follows:
Implicit Objects Usage

pageScope it maps the given attribute name with the value set in the page scope

requestScope it maps the given attribute name with the value set in the request scop

sessionScope it maps the given attribute name with the value set in the session scop

applicationScope it maps the given attribute name with the value set in the application s

param it maps the request parameter to the single value

paramValues it maps the request parameter to an array of values

header it maps the request header name to the single value

headerValues it maps the request header name to an array of values

cookie it maps the given cookie name to the cookie value

initParam it maps the initialization parameter

pageContext it provides access to many objects request, session etc.

EL param example
In this example, we have created two files index.jsp and process.jsp. The index.jsp file
gets input from the user and sends the request to the process.jsp which in turn prints
the name of the user using EL.

index.jsp

1. <form action="process.jsp">
2. Enter Name:<input type="text" name="name" /><br/><br/>
3. <input type="submit" value="go"/>
4. </form>

process.jsp

1. Welcome, ${ param.name }

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EL sessionScope example
In this example, we printing the data stored in the session scope using EL. For this
purpose, we have used sessionScope object.

index.jsp

1. <h3>welcome to index page</h3>


2. <%
3. session.setAttribute("user","sonoo");
4. %>
5.
6. <a href="process.jsp">visit</a>

process.jsp

1. Value is ${ sessionScope.user }

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EL cookie example
index.jsp

1. <h1>First JSP</h1>
2. <%
3. Cookie ck=new Cookie("name","abhishek");
4. response.addCookie(ck);
5. %>
6. <a href="process.jsp">click</a>

process.jsp

1. Hello, ${cookie.name.value}
Precedence of Operators in EL
There are many operators that have been provided in the Expression Language. Their
precedence are as follows:

[] .

()

-(unary) not ! empty

* / div % mod

+ - (binary)

< <= > >= lt le gt ge

== != eq ne

&& and

|| or

?:

Reserve words in EL
There are many reserve words in the Expression Language. They are as follows:

lt le gt ge

eq ne true false

and or not instanceof

div mod empty null


Next TopicMVC In Jsp

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Example of JSP Custom Tag


1. Example of JSP Custom Tag

1. Create the Tag handler class

2. Create the TLD file

3. Create the JSP file

In this example, we are going to create a custom tag that prints the current date
and time. We are performing action at the start of tag.

For creating any custom tag, we need to follow following steps:

1. Create the Tag handler class and perform action at the start or at the end of
the tag.

2. Create the Tag Library Descriptor (TLD) file and define tags

3. Create the JSP file that uses the Custom tag defined in the TLD file

Understanding flow of custom tag in jsp

1) Create the Tag handler class


To create the Tag Handler, we are inheriting the TagSupport class and overriding its
method doStartTag().To write data for the jsp, we need to use the JspWriter class.

The PageContext class provides getOut() method that returns the instance of
JspWriter class. TagSupport class provides instance of pageContext bydefault.
File: MyTagHandler.java
1. package com.javatpoint.sonoo;
2. import java.util.Calendar;
3. import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
4. import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
5. import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport;
6. public class MyTagHandler extends TagSupport{
7.
8. public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
9. JspWriter out=pageContext.getOut();//returns the instance of JspWriter
10. try{
11. out.print(Calendar.getInstance().getTime());//printing date and time using JspWrite
r
12. }catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
13. return SKIP_BODY;//will not evaluate the body content of the tag
14. }
15. }

2) Create the TLD file


Tag Library Descriptor (TLD) file contains information of tag and Tag Hander classes.
It must be contained inside the WEB-INF directory.

File: mytags.tld
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
2. <!DOCTYPE taglib
3. PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.2//EN"
4. "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtd/web-jsptaglibrary_1_2.dtd">
5.
6. <taglib>
7.
8. <tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>
9. <jsp-version>1.2</jsp-version>
10. <short-name>simple</short-name>
11. <uri>http://tomcat.apache.org/example-taglib</uri>
12.
13. <tag>
14. <name>today</name>
15. <tag-class>com.javatpoint.sonoo.MyTagHandler</tag-class>
16. </tag>
17. </taglib>

3) Create the JSP file


Let's use the tag in our jsp file. Here, we are specifying the path of tld file directly. But
it is recommended to use the uri name instead of full path of tld file. We will learn
about uri later.

It uses taglib directive to use the tags defined in the tld file.

File: index.jsp
1. <%@ taglib uri="WEB-INF/mytags.tld" prefix="m" %>
2. Current Date and Time is: <m:today/>

download this example

Output

Attributes in JSP Custom Tag


1. Attributes in JSP Custom Tag

2. Example to use attribute in JSP Custom Tag

There can be defined too many attributes for any custom tag. To define the attribute,
you need to perform two tasks:

o Define the property in the TagHandler class with the attribute name and define
the setter method

o define the attribute element inside the tag element in the TLD file

Let's understand the attribute by the tag given below:

1. <m:cube number="4"></m:cube>

Here m is the prefix, cube is the tag name and number is the attribute.
Simple example of attribute in JSP Custom Tag
In this example, we are going to use the cube tag which return the cube of any given
number. Here, we are defining the number attribute for the cube tag. We are using the
three file here:

o index.jsp

o CubeNumber.java

o mytags.tld

index.jsp
1. <%@ taglib uri="WEB-INF/mytags.tld" prefix="m" %>
2. Cube of 4 is: <m:cube number="4"></m:cube>
CubeNumber.java
1. package com.javatpoint.taghandler;
2. import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
3. import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
4. import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport;
5.
6. public class CubeNumber extends TagSupport{
7. private int number;
8.
9. public void setNumber(int number) {
10. this.number = number;
11.}
12.
13.public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
14. JspWriter out=pageContext.getOut();
15. try{
16. out.print(number*number*number);
17. }catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}
18.
19. return SKIP_BODY;
20.}
21.}
mytags.tld
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
2. <!DOCTYPE taglib
3. PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.2//EN"
4. "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtd/web-jsptaglibrary_1_2.dtd">
5.
6. <taglib>
7. <tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>
8. <jsp-version>1.2</jsp-version>
9. <short-name>simple</short-name>
10. <uri>http://tomcat.apache.org/example-taglib</uri>
11. <description>A simple tab library for the examples</description>
12.
13. <tag>
14. <name>cube</name>
15. <tag-class>com.javatpoint.taghandler.CubeNumber</tag-class>
16. <attribute>
17. <name>number</name>
18. <required>true</required>
19. </attribute>
20. </tag>
21.</taglib>

Output

1. Cube of 4 is: 64
download this example

JSP Custom Tag attribute example with


database
Let's create a custom tag that prints a particular record of table for the given table
name and id.
So, you have to have two properties in the tag handler class.

PrintRecord.java
1. package com.javatpoint;
2. import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
3. import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
4. import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport;
5. import java.sql.*;
6.
7. public class PrintRecord extends TagSupport{
8. private String id;
9. private String table;
10.
11. public void setId(String id) {
12. this.id = id;
13. }
14. public void setTable(String table) {
15. this.table = table;
16. }
17.
18. public int doStartTag()throws JspException{
19. JspWriter out=pageContext.getOut();
20. try{
21. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
22. Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(
23. "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","oracle");
24. PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement("select * from "+table+" where id=
?");
25. ps.setInt(1,Integer.parseInt(id));
26. ResultSet rs=ps.executeQuery();
27. if(rs!=null){
28. ResultSetMetaData rsmd=rs.getMetaData();
29. int totalcols=rsmd.getColumnCount();
30. //column name
31. out.write("<table border='1'>");
32. out.write("<tr>");
33. for(int i=1;i<=totalcols;i++){
34. out.write("<th>"+rsmd.getColumnName(i)+"</th>");
35. }
36. out.write("</tr>");
37. //column value
38.
39. if(rs.next()){
40. out.write("<tr>");
41. for(int i=1;i<=totalcols;i++){
42. out.write("<td>"+rs.getString(i)+"</td>");
43. }
44. out.write("</tr>");
45.
46. }else{
47. out.write("Table or Id doesn't exist");
48. }
49. out.write("</table>");
50.
51. }
52. con.close();
53. }catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
54. return SKIP_BODY;
55. }
56. }
m.tld
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
2. <!DOCTYPE taglib
3. PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.2//EN"
4. "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtd/web-jsptaglibrary_1_2.dtd">
5.
6. <taglib>
7.
8. <tlib-version>1.2</tlib-version>
9. <jsp-version>2.0</jsp-version>
10. <short-name>c</short-name>
11. <uri>javatpoint</uri>
12.
13. <tag>
14. <name>printRecord</name>
15. <tag-class>com.javatpoint.PrintRecord</tag-class>
16. <attribute>
17. <name>id</name>
18. <required>true</required>
19. </attribute>
20. <attribute>
21. <name>table</name>
22. <required>true</required>
23. </attribute>
24.
25. </tag>
26. </taglib>
index.jsp
1. <%@ taglib uri="javatpoint" prefix="j" %>
2. <j:printRecord table="user874" id="1"></j:printRecord>

Output
download this example
Next TopicIteration Using Jsp Custom Tag

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Iteration using JSP Custom Tag


1. Iteration using JSP Custom Tag

2. Example of Iteration using JSP Custom Tag

We can iterate the body content of any tag using the doAfterBody() method
of IterationTag interface.

Here we are going to use the TagSupport class which implements the IterationTag
interface. For iterating the body content, we need to use
the EVAL_BODY_AGAIN constant in the doAfterBody() method.

Example of Iteration using JSP Custom Tag


In this example, we are going to use the attribute in the custom tag, which returns the
power of any given number. We have created three files here

o index.jsp

o PowerNumber.java

o mytags.tld

index.jsp
1. <%@ taglib uri="WEB-INF/mytags.tld" prefix="m" %>
2.
3. 3 ^ 5 = <m:power number="3" power="5">
4. body
5. </m:power>

PowerNumber.java
1. package com.javatpoint.taghandler;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
4. import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
5. import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport;
6.
7. public class PowerNumber extends TagSupport{
8. private int number;
9. private int power;
10.private static int counter;
11.private static int result=1;
12.
13.public void setPower(int power) {
14. this.power = power;
15.}
16.
17.public void setNumber(int number) {
18. this.number = number;
19.}
20.
21.public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
22. return EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE;
23.}
24.
25.public int doAfterBody() {
26. counter++;
27. result *= number;
28. if (counter==power)
29. return SKIP_BODY;
30. else
31. return EVAL_BODY_AGAIN;
32. }
33.
34.public int doEndTag() throws JspException {
35. JspWriter out=pageContext.getOut();
36. try{
37. out.print(result);
38. }catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}
39.
40. return EVAL_PAGE;
41.}
42.}

mytags.tld
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
2. <!DOCTYPE taglib
3. PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.2//EN"
4. "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtd/web-jsptaglibrary_1_2.dtd">
5.
6. <taglib>
7. <tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>
8. <jsp-version>1.2</jsp-version>
9. <short-name>simple</short-name>
10. <uri>http://tomcat.apache.org/example-taglib</uri>
11. <description>A simple tab library for the examples</description>
12.
13. <tag>
14. <name>power</name>
15. <tag-class>com.javatpoint.taghandler.PowerNumber</tag-class>
16.
17. <attribute>
18. <name>number</name>
19. <required>true</required>
20. </attribute>
21.
22. <attribute>
23. <name>power</name>
24. <required>true</required>
25. </attribute>
26.
27. </tag>
28.</taglib>

download this example (developed using MyEclipse ide)

Looping using Iteration Tag (creating tag for loop)


Let's create a loop tag that iterates the body content of this tag.

File: index.jsp
1. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://
www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <title>Insert title here</title>
5. </head>
6. <body>
7.
8. <%@taglib prefix="m" uri="sssuri" %>
9. <m:loop end="5" start="1">
10. <p>My Name is khan</p>
11. </m:loop>
12.
13. </body>
14. </html>
File: mytags.tld
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
2. <!DOCTYPE taglib
3. PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.2//EN"
4. "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtd/web-jsptaglibrary_1_2.dtd">
5. <taglib>
6. <tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>
7. <jsp-version>1.2</jsp-version>
8. <short-name>abc</short-name>
9.
10. <uri>sssuri</uri>
11. <tag>
12. <name>loop</name>
13. <tag-class>com.javatpoint.customtag.Loop</tag-class>
14.
15. <attribute>
16. <name>start</name>
17. <required>true</required>
18. </attribute>
19.
20. <attribute>
21. <name>end</name>
22. <required>true</required>
23. </attribute>
24. </tag>
25.
26. </taglib>
File: Loop.java
1. package com.javatpoint.customtag;
2. import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
3. import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport;
4.
5. public class Loop extends TagSupport{
6. private int start=0;
7. private int end=0;
8.
9. public void setStart(int start) {
10. this.start = start;
11. }
12. public void setEnd(int end) {
13. this.end = end;
14. }
15.
16. @Override
17. public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
18. return EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE;
19. }
20.
21. @Override
22. public int doAfterBody() throws JspException {
23. if(start<end){
24. start++;
25. return EVAL_BODY_AGAIN;
26. }else{
27. return SKIP_BODY;
28. }
29.
30. }
31.
32.
33. }
File: web.xml
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmln
s="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/
javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee htt
p://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
3.
4. <jsp-config>
5. <taglib>
6. <taglib-uri>sssuri</taglib-uri>
7. <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/mytags.tld</taglib-location>
8. </taglib>
9. </jsp-config>
10.
11. </web-app>

download this example (developed using Eclipse ide)

Output

Next TopicCustom Uri In Jsp Custom Tag

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Custom URI in JSP Custom Tag


1. Custom URI in JSP Custom Tag

2. Example to use Custom URI in JSP Custom Tag


We can use the custom URI, to tell the web container about the tld file. In such case,
we need to define the taglib element in the web.xml. The web container gets the
information about the tld file from the web.xml file for the specified URI.

Example to use custom URI in JSP Custom Tag


In this example, we are going to use the custom uri in the JSP file. For this application,
we need to focus on 4 files.

o index.jsp

o web.xml

o mytags.tld

o PrintDate.java

index.jsp
1. <%@ taglib uri="mytags" prefix="m" %>
2. Today is: <m:today></m:today>

web.xml
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <!DOCTYPE web-app
3. PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
4. "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
5.
6. <web-app>
7.
8. <jsp-config>
9. <taglib>
10.<taglib-uri>mytags</taglib-uri>
11.<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/mytags.tld</taglib-location>
12.</taglib>
13.</jsp-config>
14.
15.</web-app>

mytags.tld
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
2. <!DOCTYPE taglib
3. PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.2//EN"
4. "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtd/web-jsptaglibrary_1_2.dtd">
5.
6. <taglib>
7. <tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>
8. <jsp-version>1.2</jsp-version>
9. <short-name>simple</short-name>
10. <uri>mytags</uri>
11. <description>A simple tab library for the examples</description>
12.
13. <tag>
14. <name>today</name>
15. <tag-class>com.javatpoint.taghandler.PrintDate</tag-class>
16. </tag>
17.</taglib>

1. package com.javatpoint.taghandler;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
4. import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
5. import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport;
6.
7. public class PrintDate extends TagSupport{
8.
9. public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
10. JspWriter out=pageContext.getOut();
11. try{
12. out.print(java.util.Calendar.getInstance().getTime());
13. }catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}
14.
15. return SKIP_BODY;
16. }
17.
18.
19.}

Registration Form in JSP


1. Registration Form in JSP

2. Example of Registration Form in JSP

For creating registration form, you must have a table in the database. You can write the
database logic in JSP file, but separating it from the JSP page is better approach. Here,
we are going to use DAO, Factory Method, DTO and Singletion design patterns. There
are many files:

o index.jsp for getting the values from the user

o User.java, a bean class that have properties and setter and getter methods.

o process.jsp, a jsp file that processes the request and calls the methods

o Provider.java, an interface that contains many constants like DRIVER_CLASS,


CONNECTION_URL, USERNAME and PASSWORD

o ConnectionProvider.java, a class that returns an object of Connection. It uses


the Singleton and factory method design pattern.

o RegisterDao.java, a DAO class that is responsible to get access to the database

Example of Registration Form in JSP


In this example, we are using the Oracle10g database to connect with the database.
Let's first create the table in the Oracle database:
1. CREATE TABLE "USER432"
2. ( "NAME" VARCHAR2(4000),
3. "EMAIL" VARCHAR2(4000),
4. "PASS" VARCHAR2(4000)
5. )
6. /
We have created the table named user432 here.

index.jsp
We are having only three fields here, to make the concept clear and simplify the flow of
the application. You can have other fields also like country, hobby etc. according to
your requirement.

1. <form action="process.jsp">
2. <input type="text" name="uname" value="Name..." onclick="this.value=''"/><br/>
3. <input type="text" name="uemail" value="Email ID..." onclick="this.value=''"/
><br/>
4. <input type="password" name="upass" value="Password..." onclick="this.value=''"/
><br/>
5. <input type="submit" value="register"/>
6. </form>

process.jsp
This jsp file contains all the incoming values to an object of bean class which is passed
as an argument in the register method of the RegisterDao class.

1. <%@page import="bean.RegisterDao"%>
2. <jsp:useBean id="obj" class="bean.User"/>
3.
4. <jsp:setProperty property="*" name="obj"/>
5.
6. <%
7. int status=RegisterDao.register(obj);
8. if(status>0)
9. out.print("You are successfully registered");
10.
11. %>
User.java

It is the bean class that have 3 properties uname, uemail and upass with its setter
and getter methods.
1. package bean;
2.
3. public class User {
4. private String uname,upass,uemail;
5.
6. public String getUname() {
7. return uname;
8. }
9.
10. public void setUname(String uname) {
11. this.uname = uname;
12. }
13.
14. public String getUpass() {
15. return upass;
16. }
17.
18. public void setUpass(String upass) {
19. this.upass = upass;
20. }
21.
22. public String getUemail() {
23. return uemail;
24. }
25.
26. public void setUemail(String uemail) {
27. this.uemail = uemail;
28. }
29.
30. }
Provider.java
This interface contains four constants that can vary from database to database.

1. package bean;
2.
3. public interface Provider {
4. String DRIVER="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver";
5. String CONNECTION_URL="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe";
6. String USERNAME="system";
7. String PASSWORD="oracle";
8.
9. }

ConnectionProvider.java
This class is responsible to return the object of Connection. Here, driver class is loaded
only once and connection object gets memory only once.

1. package bean;
2. import java.sql.*;
3. import static bean.Provider.*;
4.
5. public class ConnectionProvider {
6. private static Connection con=null;
7. static{
8. try{
9. Class.forName(DRIVER);
10. con=DriverManager.getConnection(CONNECTION_URL,USERNAME,PASSWORD);
11. }catch(Exception e){}
12. }
13.
14. public static Connection getCon(){
15. return con;
16. }
17.
18. }

RegisterDao.java
This class inserts the values of the bean component into the database.

1. package bean;
2.
3. import java.sql.*;
4.
5. public class RegisterDao {
6.
7. public static int register(User u){
8. int status=0;
9. try{
10. Connection con=ConnectionProvider.getCon();
11. PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement("insert into user432 values(?,?,?)");
12. ps.setString(1,u.getUname());
13. ps.setString(2,u.getUemail());
14. ps.setString(3,u.getUpass());
15.
16. status=ps.executeUpdate();
17. }catch(Exception e){}
18.
19. return status;
20. }
21.
22. }

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Next Topic Login Form In Jsp
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Login and Logout Example in JSP


1. Login and Logout Example in JSP

2. Example of Login Form in JSP

In this example of creating login form, we have used the DAO (Data Access Object),
Factory method and DTO (Data Transfer Object) design patterns. There are many
files:

o index.jsp it provides three links for login, logout and profile

o login.jsp for getting the values from the user

o loginprocess.jsp, a jsp file that processes the request and calls the methods.

o LoginBean.java, a bean class that have properties and setter and getter
methods.

o Provider.java, an interface that contains many constants like


DRIVER_CLASS, CONNECTION_URL, USERNAME and PASSWORD

o ConnectionProvider.java, a class that is responsible to return the object of


Connection. It uses the Singleton and factory method design pattern.

o LoginDao.java, a DAO class that verifies the emailId and password from the
database.

o logout.jsp it invalidates the session.

o profile.jsp it provides simple message if user is logged in, otherwise forwards


the request to the login.jsp page.

In this example, we are using the Oracle10g database to match the emailId and
password with the database. The table name is user432 which have many fields like
name, email, pass etc. You may use this query to create the table:

1. CREATE TABLE "USER432"


2. ( "NAME" VARCHAR2(4000),
3. "EMAIL" VARCHAR2(4000),
4. "PASS" VARCHAR2(4000)
5. )
6. /

We assume that there are many records in this table.

index.jsp
It simply provides three links for login, logout and profile.

1. <a href="login.jsp">login</a>|
2. <a href="logout.jsp">logout</a>|
3. <a href="profile.jsp">profile</a>

login.jsp
This file creates a login form for two input fields name and password. It is the simple
login form, you can change it for better look and feel. We are focusing on the concept
only.

1. <%@ include file="index.jsp" %>


2. <hr/>
3.
4. <h3>Login Form</h3>
5. <%
6. String profile_msg=(String)request.getAttribute("profile_msg");
7. if(profile_msg!=null){
8. out.print(profile_msg);
9. }
10. String login_msg=(String)request.getAttribute("login_msg");
11. if(login_msg!=null){
12. out.print(login_msg);
13. }
14. %>
15. <br/>
16. <form action="loginprocess.jsp" method="post">
17. Email:<input type="text" name="email"/><br/><br/>
18. Password:<input type="password" name="password"/><br/><br/>
19. <input type="submit" value="login"/>"
20. </form>

loginprocess.jsp
This jsp file contains all the incoming values to an object of bean class which is passed
as an argument in the validate method of the LoginDao class. If emailid and password
is correct, it displays a message you are successfully logged in! and maintains the
session so that we may recognize the user.

1. <%@page import="bean.LoginDao"%>
2. <jsp:useBean id="obj" class="bean.LoginBean"/>
3.
4. <jsp:setProperty property="*" name="obj"/>
5.
6. <%
7. boolean status=LoginDao.validate(obj);
8. if(status){
9. out.println("You r successfully logged in");
10. session.setAttribute("session","TRUE");
11. }
12. else
13. {
14. out.print("Sorry, email or password error");
15. %>
16. <jsp:include page="index.jsp"></jsp:include>
17. <%
18. }
19. %>

LoginBean.java
It is the bean class that have 2 properties email and pass with its setter and getter
methods.
1. package bean;
2.
3. public class LoginBean {
4. private String email,pass;
5.
6. public String getEmail() {
7. return email;
8. }
9.
10. public void setEmail(String email) {
11. this.email = email;
12. }
13.
14. public String getPass() {
15. return pass;
16. }
17.
18. public void setPass(String pass) {
19. this.pass = pass;
20. }
21.
22.
23. }

Provider.java

This interface contains four constants that may differ from database to database.
1. package bean;
2.
3. public interface Provider {
4. String DRIVER="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver";
5. String CONNECTION_URL="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe";
6. String USERNAME="system";
7. String PASSWORD="oracle";
8.
9. }

ConnectionProvider.java
This class provides a factory method that returns the object of Connection. Here, driver
class is loaded only once and connection object gets memory only once because it is
static.

1. package bean;
2. import java.sql.*;
3. import static bean.Provider.*;
4.
5. public class ConnectionProvider {
6. private static Connection con=null;
7. static{
8. try{
9. Class.forName(DRIVER);
10. con=DriverManager.getConnection(CONNECTION_URL,USERNAME,PASSWORD);
11. }catch(Exception e){}
12. }
13.
14. public static Connection getCon(){
15. return con;
16. }
17.
18. }

LoginDao.java
This class varifies the emailid and password.

1. package bean;
2. import java.sql.*;
3. public class LoginDao {
4.
5. public static boolean validate(LoginBean bean){
6. boolean status=false;
7. try{
8. Connection con=ConnectionProvider.getCon();
9.
10. PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(
11. "select * from user432 where email=? and pass=?");
12.
13. ps.setString(1,bean.getEmail());
14. ps.setString(2, bean.getPass());
15.
16. ResultSet rs=ps.executeQuery();
17. status=rs.next();
18.
19. }catch(Exception e){}
20.
21. return status;
22.
23. }
24. }

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Next TopicUploading File To The Server In Jsp

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Uploading file to the server using


JSP
1.Uploading file to the server using JSP
2.MultipartRequest class
3.Constructors of MultipartRequest class
4.Example of File Upload in JSP

There are many ways to upload the file to the server. One of the way is by the MultipartRequest
class. For using this class you need to have the cos.jar file. In this example, we are providing the
cos.jar file alongwith the code.

MultipartRequest class

It is a utility class to handle the multipart/form-data request. There are many


constructors defined in the MultipartRequest class.

Commonly used Constructors of MultipartRequest


class

o MultipartRequest(HttpServletRequest request, String


saveDirectory) uploads the file upto 1MB.

o MultipartRequest(HttpServletRequest request, String saveDirectory, int


maxPostSize) uploads the file upto specified post size.

o MultipartRequest(HttpServletRequest request, String saveDirectory, int


maxPostSize, String encoding) uploads the file upto specified post size with
given encoding.

Example of File Upload in JSP


In this example, we are creating two files only, index.jsp and fileupload.jsp.

index.jsp
To upload the file to the server, there are two requirements:

1. You must use the post request.


2. encodeType should be multipart/form-data that gives information to the server that you
are going to upload the file.

1. <form action="upload.jsp" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">


2. Select File:<input type="file" name="fname"/><br/>
3. <input type="image" src="MainUpload.png"/>
4. </form>

upload.jsp
We are uploading the incoming file to the location d:/new, you can specify your location here.

1. <%@ page import="com.oreilly.servlet.MultipartRequest" %>


2. <%
3. MultipartRequest m = new MultipartRequest(request, "d:/new");
4. out.print("successfully uploaded");
5.
6. %>

If size of the file is greater than 1MB, you should specify the post size.

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Next TopicDownloading File From The Server In Jsp

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