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Document 8

The document provides an overview of several chapters related to computing concepts. It defines key terms like data, information, and how computers process data into useful information. It describes the advantages of using computers in terms of speed, reliability, consistency, storage, and communication. It also outlines common computer components like printers, hard drives, SSDs, and smart cards. The document discusses different types of applications, operating system functions, levels of users in an organization, general types of information systems, benefits of computer networks, the internet and intranets/extranets. Finally, it covers some ethical issues related to codes of conduct and green computing practices.

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西瓜草莓
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16 views

Document 8

The document provides an overview of several chapters related to computing concepts. It defines key terms like data, information, and how computers process data into useful information. It describes the advantages of using computers in terms of speed, reliability, consistency, storage, and communication. It also outlines common computer components like printers, hard drives, SSDs, and smart cards. The document discusses different types of applications, operating system functions, levels of users in an organization, general types of information systems, benefits of computer networks, the internet and intranets/extranets. Finally, it covers some ethical issues related to codes of conduct and green computing practices.

Uploaded by

西瓜草莓
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1

DATA AND INFORMATION


 Computers process data (input) into information (output).
 Data is a collection of unprocessed items. For example, the
number and video
 Information is processed data to make the data have meaning and
is useful. For example, receipt and cash.

ADVANTAGE OF USING COMPUTER


1. Speed
 Computers can perform billions or trillions of calc per second.
 For example, sending email

2. Reliability
 The electronic components in modern computers so have a low
failure rate

3. Consistency
 Given the same input and process, will produce the same results.
4. Storage
 Computers store huge amounts of data and make this data
available for processing anytime

5. Communication
 Communication is the exchange of data between 2 parties. When
computers are connected to each other they can share data
CHAPTER 2
What are Output Devices: Printer
 Printer has 2 types there are Ink-Jet Printer and Laser printers.
 Ink-Jet Printer prints text and graphics by liquid ink on a piece of
paper.
 Laser printers print text and graphics in high quality and faster
speeds than ink-jet printers.

Secondary Storage: HARD DRIVE AND SSD


 Hard drive refers collectively to hard disks and SSDs.
 It is a device that stores data, instructions, and information
magnetically.
 An SSD is a flash memory storage device that contains its own
processor to manage its storage.

Secondary Storage: SMART CARDS


 store data on a chip in the card
 For example, ATM card
CHAPTER 3
Web app
 Application stored on a web server
 Some can be accessed locally offline
 some free, some charge a one-time fee, while others charge
monthly or yearly.

Mobile App
 download from a mobile device’s app store or other location on
the Internet.
 Some free, some charge you a few dollars

Mobile Web App


 Is a web app that is optimized for display in a browser on a mobile
device

Operating Systems Functions: Providing user interface


Graphical User Interface
 Wh a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and
visual images by touching or clicking buttons and other objects to
issue commands
Command-line Interface
 A user types of commands represented by short keywords on the
keyboard to enter data and instructions.

Operating Systems Functions: Managing Memory


 The purpose of memory management is to optimize the use of
computer internal memory and it is RAM
 Hard disk stores data, instructions, and information magnetically.
 OS also controls how many program a user can run at any one
time.

CHAPTER 4
Level of user in the Organization (画表+解释)

Executive management
 responsible for strategic decisions that center on the company’s
overall goals and objectives.
 Such as Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

Middle management
 Middle management makes tactical decisions, which are short-
range decisions and plans necessary to meet the stated
objectives.
 Such as Marketing Manager

Operational management
 operational decisions affect the organization for a short period of
time
 Such as Supervises

Non-management employees
 gather information regarding how to assemble and build the
product
 Such as production employee

General Type of Information System


Transaction Processing system (TPS)
 A system that processes and records daily business transactions
 Transaction data such as quantity of product being sold.
 processed transaction data such as invoice and delivery order
Management information system (MIS)
 helps managers understand the day-to-day operations of the
company
 Output of TPS becomes the input to the MIS
 Such as summary and exception report

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (DSS)


 help middle and top management make decisions that solve
problems by analyzing data
 Internal data comes from MIS and TPS
 Such as results of analysis on screen and in printed reports

Executive Support System (ESS)


 A system used to assist top-level management like analyzes and
presents information
 Internal data comes from MIS and TPS

CHAPTER 5
BENEFITS TO USE A COMPUTER NETWORK
1. Share Hardware
 Each computer on the network can access the hardware on the
network
2. Share Software
 Users connected to a network can access software on the network

3. Share Data & Information


 Any authorized user can access data and information stored on a
network

4. Facilitate Communication
 A network allows the employees in an organization to
communicate more easily and efficiently

5. Transfer Funds
 Electronic funds transfer (EFT) allows users connected to a
network to exchange money from one account to another
account

THE INTRANETS, EXTRANETS AND INTERNET


Intranets
 It is an internal network of computers belonging to the same
organisation.
 Provide employees restricted access to an organisation’s private
data.
Extranets
 It is formed by connecting an organisation’s Intranet with other
partners’ Internets
 organisations can direct interaction with business partners.

Internet
 A worldwide collection of computer networks that connects
millions of users

Type Users Need User ID


& Password
Internet Anyone NO

Intranet Employees YES

Extranet Business partner YES

Overview of E-Commerce: B2C (Business to Consumer)


 The customer directly interacts with business organization
through a website.
 A customer can view, choose and order the products shown on
the website.
 The website will send a notification to the business organization
and the organization will dispatch the goods to the customer
Overview of E-Commerce: C2G (Citizen to Government)
 electronic transactions online between the individuals and the
public administration.
 provides an easy way to communicate between the consumers
and the government.
 Such as when you pay tax through the government website.

CHAPTER 6

Ethical Issues: Codes of Conduct


 helps determine whether a specification is ethical and unethical
 IT code of conduct focuses on acceptable use of technology.
 For example, technology may not be used to harm other people
and technology may not be used to steal.

Ethical Issues: Green Computing


 Green computing involves reducing the electricity and
environmental waste while using a electronic equipment like
computer
 There are 2 green computer tips are conserve energy and reduce
environmental waste
 For example conserve energy, do not let a computer or device
running overnight
 For example reduce environmental waste, recycle paper and use
recycled paper

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